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Forensic data management and database systems in forensic investigations for cases of missing and unidentified persons in Brazil

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 599-608页

作者： Melina Calmon Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas Academia Nacional de Polícia-Polícia Federal do BrasilBrasiliaBrazil

Forensic investigations,especially those related to missing persons and unidentified remains,produce different types of data that must be managed and understood.The data collected and produced are extensive and originate from various sources:the police,non-governmental organizations(NGOs),medical examiner offices,specialised forensic teams,family members,and others.Some examples of information include,but are not limited to,the investigative background information,excavation data of burial sites,antemortem data on missing persons,and postmortem data on the remains of unidentified individuals.These complex data must be stored in a secured place,analysed,compared,shared,and then reported to the investigative actors and the public,especially the families of missing persons,who should be kept informed of the investigation.Therefore,a data management system with the capability of performing the tasks relevant to the goals of the investigation and the identification of an individual,while respecting the deceased and their families,is critical for standardising investigations.Data management is crucial to assure the quality of investigative processes,and it must be recognised as a holistic integrated system.The aim of this article is to discuss some of the most important components of an effective forensic data management system.The discussion is enriched by examples,challenges,and lessons learned from the erratic development and launching of databases for missing and unidentified persons in Brazil.The main objective of this article is to bring attention to the urgent need for an effective and integrated system in Brazil.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic data management database missing persons unidentified persons Brazil

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Humanitarian action in academic institutions:a case study in the ethical stewardship of unidentified forensic cases

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第3期7卷 358-365页

作者： Justin Z.Goldstein Mariah E.Moe Emilie L.Wiedenmeyer Petra M.Banks Sophia R.Mavroudas Michelle D.Hamilton Department of Anthropology Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTXUS

Forensic anthropologists are often responsible for the management of long-term unidentified individuals.Others have contextualised these decedents—many of whom likely belonged to socially,politically,and/or economically marginalised groups in life—as part of a larger identification crisis in the US.However,there has been little discussion surrounding how this humanitarian crisis has manifested in academic institutions,where anthropologists often provide medicolegal consultation and act as long-term stewards of the unidentified.The Identification&Repatriation Initiative was created at the Forensic Anthropology Centre at Texas State University(FACTS)to recognise and investigate unidentified human remains in long-term storage.Our paper outlines common challenges that were encountered during our initial reassessment of unidentified cases at FACTS,emphasising the detrimental impacts of inconsistent procedures,loss of context,and case fatigue.It is likely that other academic institutions face similar challenges,and by highlighting these issues we hope to help initiate a larger conversation concerning ethical stewardship of human remains in these settings.By incorporating humanitarian perspectives into forensic casework,anthropologists in academia can better advocate for the long-term unidentified.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic anthropology unidentified persons long-term unidentified identification academic institutions standardisation humanitarian action

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