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Influence of advection on the characteristics of turbulence over uneven surface in the oasis and the Gobi Desert

Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第11期57卷 2242-2258页

作者： CHEN JinBei HU YinQiao Lü ShiHua YU Ye Key Laboratory of Land surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Utilizing experimental data of the atmospheric surface layer in the Gobi Oasis of Jinta in a comparative study, we demonstrate that under the condition of unstable stratification, the normalization variances of temperature in the oasis and Gobi Desert meetφs （z∧）= φθ（Z/∧） =αθ（-Z/ ∧）-1/3 while normalization variances of both humidity and CO2 in the oasis meet φ（Z/∧）= αs （1 - βs z /∧）-1/3 ; the normalization variance of temperature in the oasis is large due to disturbance by advection, whereas variance of CO2 in the Gobi Desert has certain degree of deviation relative to Monin-Obukhov （M-O） scaling, and humidity variance completely deviates from variance M-O scaling. The above result indicates that under the condition of advection, hu-midity variance meets the relation δ2 sm=D2 δ2SA ＋ δ2SB and it is determined by relative magnitude of scalar variance of ad- midity variance meets the relation δsm = D2δsA ＋ δsB vection transport. Our study reveals that, if the scalar variance of humidity or CO2 transported by advection is much larger than local scalar variance, observation value of scalar variance will deviate from M-O scaling; when scalar variance of advection transport is close to or less than local scalar variance, the observation value of scalar variance approximately meets M-O scal- ing.

关键词： atmospheric surface layer (ASL) turbulence similarity theory advection uneven surface

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Industrialization of a Large Advanced Ultrasonic Flexible Probe for Non-destructive Testing of Austenitic Steel Pieces with Irregular surface

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第10期11卷 933-942页

作者： Frederic Lasserre David Roue Juergen Laube Philippe Dumas Bruno Kingler Francois Cartier OlivierRoy Technical Engineering Department AREVA Nuclear Power Paris 94300 France CEA LIST Department CEA SACLAY Gif sur Yvette 91191 France IBGSI Department AREVA GmbH Erlangen 91052 Germany IMASONIC Voray-sur-l 'Ognon 70190 France M2M Les Ulis 91940 France

Because the UT （ultrasonic testing） flexible probe technology may be an appropriate answer to examine components with uneven surface, AREVA has developed an industrial application of the CEA＇s （French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies） flexible phased arrays sensors. As a ＂first of a kind＂ project, the challenges faced were significant, including developing a phased array smart probe suitable for industrial use on rather simple but large scale geometries, permitting UT propagation within a constraining media structure and then targeting a qualification according to ENIQ （European Network for Inspection Qualification） methodology. A prototype flexible probe, designed for UT validation, and final flexible linear array probes permitting the UT behavior （as, e.g., detection and sizing from diffraction type echoes） to be maintained on wavy coupling surfaces, have been manufactured. These probes include a profilemeter with optical sensors control and a specifically designed coupling circuit （avoiding probe housing tightness issues）. Qualification has been performed using open test blocks, （where known ＂defects＂ exist, for procedure qualification）, and blind test blocks, （where ＂defects＂ are unknown, for qualification of testing personnel）. One open test bloc was customized to represent a ＂real＂ surface condition, with gaps up to 2.5 mm under the regular rigid probes. AREVAI/BGSI in Germany was selected to lead the project, with assistance in development and manufacturing sub-contracted to ＂CEA/LIST＂ laboratory, and the companies ＂IMASONIC＂ and ＂M2M＂. This paper describes the development of these probes and explains a few features （ENIQ qualification objectives fulfilled, UT data acquired on actual perturbed surface） that made their industrial implementation successful.

关键词： Ultrasonic testing phased arrays flexible probe technology uneven surface

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