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Preparation and performance evaluation of the slickwater using novel polymeric drag reducing agent with high temperature and shear resistance ability

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1113-1121页

作者： Ming-Wei Zhao Zhen-Feng Ma Cai-Li Dai WeiWu Yong-Quan Sun Xu-Guang Song Yun-Long Cheng Xiang-Yu Wang National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Shandong Key Laboratory of Oilfield Chemistry China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Dongying257001ShandongChina Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada East China Petroleum Bureau of Sinopec Nanjing210011JiangsuChina

Slickwater fracturing fluids are widely used in the development of unconventional oil and gas resources due to the advantages of low cost,low formation damage and high drag reduction performance.However,their performance is severely affected at high temperatures.Drag reducing agent is the key to determine the drag reducing performance of slickwater.In this work,in order to further improve the temperature resistance of slickwater,a temperature-resistant polymeric drag reducing agent(PDRA)was synthesized and used as the basis for preparing the temperature-resistant slickwater.The slickwater system was prepared with the compositions of 0.2 wt%PDRA,0.05 wt%drainage aid nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate(NPEP)and 0.5 wt%anti-expansion agent polyepichlorohydrindimethylamine(PDM).The drag reduction ability,rheology properties,temperature and shear resistance ability,and core damage property of slickwater were systematically studied and evaluated.In contrast to on-site drag reducing agent(DRA)and HPAM,the temperature-resistant slickwater demonstrates enhanced drag reduction efficacy at 90℃,exhibiting superior temperature and shear resistance ability.Notably,the drag reduction retention rate for the slickwater achieved an impressive 90.52%after a 30-min shearing period.Additionally,the core damage is only 5.53%.We expect that this study can broaden the application of slickwater in high-temperature reservoirs and provide a theoretical basis for field applications.

关键词： unconventional resources Polymeric drag reducing agent Slickwater High drag reduction rate Temperature resistance

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Fundamental study and utilization on supercritical CO_(2) fracturing developing unconventional resources:Current status,challenge and future perspectives

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Petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 2757-2780页

作者： Bing Yang Hai-Zhu Wang Gen-Sheng Li Bin Wang Liang Chang Gang-Hua Tian Cheng-Ming Zhao Yong Zheng State Key Laboratory of Petroleum resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Craft Hawkins Department of Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA Development Company of Xinjiang Oilfield Karamay834000XinjiangChina

Under the fact that considerable explo ration and production of unconventional re sources and wo rsening global climate,reducing carbon emission and rationally utilizing carbon resources have been drawn increasing attention.Supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2)) has been proposed as anhydrous fracturing fluid to develop unconventional reservoirs,since its advantages of reducing water consumption,reservoir contamination etc.Well understanding of SC-CO_(2)fracturing mechanism and key influencing factors will exert significant impact on the application of this technology in the field.In this paper,the fundamental studies on SC-CO_(2)fracturing from the aspects of laboratory experiment and simulation are reviewed.The fracturing experimental setups,fracture monitoring and characterizing methods,unconventional formation categories,numerical simulation approaches,fracturing mechanism and field application etc.,are analyzed.The fundamental study results indicate that compared with conventional hydraulic fracturing,SC-CO_(2)fracturing can reduce fracture initiation pressure and easily induce complex fracture networks with multiple branches.The field test further verifies the application prospect and the possibility of carbon storage.However,due to the limitation of reservoir complexity and attributes of SC-CO_(2),massive challenges will be encountered in SC-CO_(2)fracturing.According to the current research status,the limitations in basic research and field application are summarized,and the future development direction of this technology and relevant suggestions are proposed.

关键词： unconventional resources Supercritical CO_(2)fracturing Experiment and numerical simulation Fracture initiation and propagation

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Analysis of the world oil and gas exploration situation in 2021

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第5期49卷 1195-1209页

作者： DOU Lirong WEN Zhixin WANG Jianjun WANG Zhaoming HE Zhengjun LIU Xiaobing ZHANG Ningning PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing 100083China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Co. LtdBeijing 100034China

The global exploration investment, new oil and gas discoveries, exploration business adjustment strategies of oil companies in 2021, and future favorable exploration domains are systematically analyzed using commercial databases such as IHS and public information of oil companies. It has been found that the world oil and gas exploration situation in 2021 has continued the downturn since the outbreak of COVID-19. The investment and drilling workload decreased slightly, but the success rate of exploration wells, especially deepwater exploration wells, increased significantly, and the newly discovered reserves increased slightly compared with last year. Deep waters of the passive continental margin basins are still the leading sites for discovering conventional large and medium-sized oil and gas fields. The conventional oil and gas exploration in deep formations of onshore petroliferous basins has been keeping a good state, with tight/shale oil and gas discoveries made in Saudi Arabia, Russia, and other countries. While strengthening the exploration and development of local resources, national, international, and independent oil companies have been focusing on major overseas frontiers using their advantages, including risk exploration in deep waters and natural gas. Future favorable exploration directions in the three major frontiers, the global deep waters, deep onshore formations, and unconventional resources, have been clarified. Four suggestions are put forward for the global exploration business of Chinese oil companies: first, a farm in global deepwater frontier basins in advance through bidding at a low cost and adopt the “dual exploration model” after making large-scale discoveries;second, enter new blocks of emerging hot basins in the world through farm-in and other ways, to find large oil and gas fields quickly;third, cooperate with national oil companies of the resource host countries in the form of joint research and actively participate exploration of deep onshore formations of petroliferous basins;four

关键词： exploration investment exploration situation new discoveries favorable exploration areas overseas oil and gas exploration deep water deep formation unconventional resources

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Natural gas hydrates-Insights into a paradigm-shifting energy resource

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能源评论(英文) 2023年第1期2卷 31-48页

作者： Shashika M.Gajanayake Ranjith P.Gamage Xiao-Sen Li Herbert Huppert Department of Civil Engineering Building 60Monash University Clayton CampusMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate Guangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China Guangzhou Centre for Gas Hydrate Research Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China Institute of Theoretical Geophysics King's CollegeCambridge University CB21STUnited Kingdom

Experts have identified natural gas hydrates,which are found in the shallow seabed and beneath permafrost regions,as an energy source(mostly methane)that is greener than other petroleum fuel resources.With their worldwide distribution and abundance,gas hydrates have vast potential to become the next pillar of the energy industry.Although no entity has established methane extraction from hydrates at a commercial scale yet,extensive laboratory experiments have introduced several extraction strategies.Methods such as depressurization,thermal stimulation,and inhibitor injection are likely to disturb seabed integrity,which may result in catastrophic consequences.However,the CO_(2)replacement method is inferred to be preserving the seabed stability,offering an opportunity to reduce anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions safely.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the progress of experimental work in developing methane-extraction methods for gas hydrate reservoirs.Depressurization combined with thermal stimulation can be proposed as a viable methane extraction method based on laboratory-scale experiments,however,a sustainable extraction method is yet to be developed to fieldscale when both economic and environmental perspectives are considered.A handful of field production runs have delivered positive outcomes to establish the exploitability of natural hydrate reservoirs,but thorough investigations and scientific collaborations are needed to develop hydrate accumulations as a commercially viable energy source.

关键词： unconventional resources Natural gas hydrates Methane Dissociation methods CO_(2)replacement

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Energy shift： decline of easy oil and restructuring of eo-politics

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第3期10卷 260-267页

作者： Oliver R. INDERWILDI David A. KING Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment University of OxfordOxford OX1 3QY United Kingdom

This paper critically assesses the geopolitical and geo-economic impact of novel fuel resources on both resource exporters and importers. Presently, very strong political and economic forces drive the utilisation of domestic, unconventional oil and gas recovery in the West as these enhance energy security and ease balance of payment issues. The additional capacity generated by this trend has, supported by other effects such as Saudi Arabia＇s decision to maintain current production, triggered a significant reduction ofoil prices. Consequently, it is now oil exporters that struggle with the balance of payment issues and often these countries base their fiscal budget completely on fossil fuel revenues. In fact, these unconventional resources help turn the tide while oil exporters are now politically significantly weakened due to the increased energy sufficiency of the West. The catch is that the extraction of unconventional types ofoil has many environmental implications. So, internalising the environ- mental externalities have to be considered. This paper, therefore, assesses, next to geopolitics and geo-economics, the environmental implications of this trend.

关键词： energy security climatic change geo-economics geopolitics unconventional resources macroeconomics

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A Review on Shale Reservoirs as an unconventional Play--The History,Technology Revolution,Importance to Oil and Gas Industry,and the Development Future

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第5期90卷 1887-1902页

作者： LIN Wen McMaster University Hamilton L8S4L8 Ontario Canada

As a milestone of the entire energy industry,unconventional resources have inevitably swept the world in the last decade,and will certainly dominate the global oil and gas industry in the near future.Eventually,the ＂unconventional＂ will become ＂conventional＂.Along with the rapid development,however,some issues have emerged,which are closely related to the viability of unconventional resources development.Under the current circumstances of low crude oil and gas price,coupled with the prominent environmental concerns,the arguments about the development and production of unconventional resources have been recently heated up.This work introduced the fullblown aspects of unconventional resources especially shale reservoirs,by discussing their concepts and definitions,reviewing the shale gas and shale oil development history and necessity,analyzing the shale plays＇ geology and petroleum systems with respects to key hydrocarbon accumulation elements and mechanisms,and summarizing the technology resolution.This study also discussed the relevant key issues,including significant estimation uncertainty of technically recoverable resources,the equivocal understanding of complex geology preventing the production and technologies implementation optimization,the difficulties of experiences and technologies global expanding,and the corresponding risks and uncertainties.In addition,based on the latest production and exploration data,the future perspective of the unconventional resources was depicted from global unconventional resources assessments,technology development,and limitations constraining the development.

关键词： unconventional resources shale gas shale oil technology uncertainties

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Numerical Study of Gas Production from a Methane Hydrate Reservoir Using Depressurization with Multi-wells

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第3期95卷 928-936页

作者： SHANG Shilong GU Lijuan LU Hailong College of Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing International Center for Gas Hydrate Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

With the implementation of the production tests in permafrost and offshore regions in Canada,US,Japan,and China,the study of natural gas hydrate has progressed into the stage of technology development for industrial exploitation.The depressurization method is considered as a better strategy to produce gas from hydrate reservoirs based on production tests and laboratory experiments.Multi-well production is proposed to improve gas production efficiency,to meet the requirement for industrial production.For evaluating the applicability of multi-well production to hydrate exploitation,a 2D model is established,with numerical simulations of the performance of the multi-well pattern carried out.To understand the dissociation behavior of gas hydrate,the pressure and temperature distributions in the hydrate reservoir are specified,and the change in permeability of reservoir sediments is investigated.The results obtained indicate that multi-well production can improve the well connectivity,accelerate hydrate dissociation,enhance gas production rate and reduce water production as compared with single-well production.

关键词： oil and gas upstream unconventional resources natural gas hydrate numerical simulation depressurization

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Principal components methodology-A novel approach to forecasting production from liquid-rich shale(LRS)reservoirs

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Petroleum 2019年第3期5卷 227-242页

作者： Ibukun Makinde W.John Lee University of Houston Texas A&M UniversityUnited States

With increasing global demand for energy,the importance of unconventional shale oil and gas research cannot be over-emphasized.The oil and gas industry requires rapid and reliable means of forecasting production.Existing traditional decline curve analysis(DCA)methods have been limited in their ability to satisfactorily forecast production from unconventional liquid-rich shale(LRS)reservoirs.This is due to several causes ranging from the complicated production mechanisms to the ultra-low permeability in shales.The use of hybrid(combination)DCA models can improve results.However,complexities associated with these techniques can still make their application quite tedious without proper diagnostic plots,correct use of model parameters and some knowledge of the production mechanisms involved.This work,therefore,presents a new statistical data-driven approach of forecasting production from LRS reservoirs called the Principal Components Methodology(PCM).PCM is a technique that bypasses a lot of the difficulties associated with existing methods of forecasting and forecasts production with reasonable certainty.PCM is a data-driven method of forecasting based on the statistical technique of principal components analysis(PCA).In our study,we simulated production of fluids with different compositions for 30 years with the aid of a commercial compositional simulator.We then applied the Principal Components Methodology(PCM)to the production data from several representative wells by using Singular Value Decomposition(SVD)to calculate the principal components.These principal components were then used to forecast oil production from wells with production histories ranging from 0.5 to 3 years,and the results were compared to simulated data.Application of the PCM to field data is also included in this work.

关键词： Principal components Liquid-rich shale unconventional resources Production forecasting Pattern recognition

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