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Recent development of saturable absorbers for ultrafast lasers [Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2021年第8期19卷 32-57页

作者：张梦羽陈浩尹金德王金涛王金章闫培光 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

As one of the greatest inventions in the 20 th century, ultrafast lasers have offered new opportunities in the areas of basic scientific research and industrial manufacturing. Optical modulators are of great importance in ultrafast lasers, which directly affect the output laser performances. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made in the development of compact, controllable, repeatable, as well as integratable optical modulators(i.e., saturable absorbers). In this paper, we review the fundamentals of the most widely studied saturable absorbers, including semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors and low-dimensional nanomaterials. Then, different fabrication technologies for saturable absorbers and their ultrafast laser applications in a wide wavelength range are illustrated. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives for the future development of saturable absorbers are discussed and presented. The development of ultrafast lasers together with the continuous exploration of reliable saturable absorbers will open up new directions for the mass production of the nextgeneration optoelectronic devices.

关键词： SESAMs low-dimensional materials nonlinear optical properties optical modulators ultrafast lasers

Recent advances in ultrafast semiconductor disk lasers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 281-294页

作者： Bauke W Tilma Mario Mangold Christian A Zaugg Sandro M Link Dominik Waldburger Alexander Klenner Aline S Mayer Emilio Gini Matthias Golling Ursula Keller Department of Physics Institute for Quantum ElectronicsETH ZurichZurich 8093Switzerland FIRST Center for Micro-and Nanoscience ETH ZurichZurich 8093Switzerland

The performance of ultrafast semiconductor disk lasers has rapidly advanced in recent decades.The strong interest from industry for inexpensive,compact,and reliable ultrafast laser sources in the picosecond and femtosecond domains has driven this technology toward commercial products.Frequency metrology and biomedical applications would benefit from sub-200-femtosecond pulse durations with peak powers in the kilowatt range.The aim of this review is to briefly describe the market potential and give an overview of the current status of mode-locked semiconductor disk lasers.Particular focus is placed on the ongoing efforts to achieve shorter pulses with higher peak powers.

关键词： lasers modelocked lasers semiconductor lasers ultrafast lasers vertical emitting lasers

Nanosecond and femtosecond lasers based on black arsenic-phosphorus alloys saturable absorber

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Chinese Optics Letters 2022年第2期20卷 106-110页

作者：黄圣钧王祎然何京良苏现翠刘杰 Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations&Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device School of Physics and ElectronicsShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology School of Physics Science and Information TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252059China State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Institute of Novel SemiconductorsShandong UniversityJinan 250100China

In this paper, the high-repetition-rate passively Q-switched(PQS) and the femtosecond continuous-wave mode-locked(CWML) lasers are successfully obtained with 2 D black arsenic-phosphorus(b-As P) nanosheets as saturable absorber(SA) at 1 μm for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The saturable absorption properties and ultrafast carrier dynamics of the 2 D b-As P SA are explored by Z-scan and pump-probe techniques. Moreover, according to the measurement of desired nonlinear optical characteristics of the relaxation time of 27 ps and the modulation depth of 7.14%, the PQS and CWML lasers are demonstrated with the highest repetition rate of 2.26 MHz in the PQS laser and the pulse width of 470 fs in the CWML laser. The results show 2 D b-As P SA has enormous potential for pulse modulation in solid-state bulk lasers.

关键词： ultrafast lasers mode-locked lasers passively Q-switched lasers nonlinearity

Generation of ultrafast radially polarized pulses through chirp-assisted femtosecond optical parametric amplification

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第5期65卷 51-57页

作者： SaiSai Hu JieFeng Huang XinHao Ren ChangWen Xu ShiXiang Xu DianYuan Fan HaiZhe Zhong International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science&Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Radially polarized beams characterized by an axially symmetric polarization distribution can be sharply focused to produce strong longitudinal fields in the vicinity.Future applications of these beams will be facilitated by the availability of higher powers and shorter durations.Currently,the ultrafast radially polarized pulse is typically generated via wavefront reconstruction from conventional linearly polarized states.Achievable pulse duration and intensity limits are strictly dependent on extra-cavity optics.Herein,a chirp-assisted near-degenerate type-II parametric process is presented as a pulse-energy-scalable method of accessing ultrafast radially polarized pulses.In a proof-of-principle experiment,the broadband gain balance between the orthogonally polarized signal components was realized via controlling the chirp of the pump pulse.Through an analogous pulseduration transfer effect,the radially polarized signal inherited the temporal and spectral characteristics of the pump pulse and maintained the radial polarization state of each frequency component of the signal.With a shorter pump pulse,the generation of few-cycle radially polarized pulses should be achievable,which may facilitate a wide range of ultrafast applications such as vacuum electron acceleration and high-harmonic generation.

关键词： radially polarized beam optical parametric amplifier ultrafast lasers spectral broadening optical parametric phase

Narrow-bandgap materials for optoelectronics applications

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Frontiers of physics 2022年第1期17卷 89-121页

作者： Xiao-Hui Li Yi-Xuan Guo Yujie Ren Jia-Jun Peng Ji-Shu Liu Cong Wang Han Zhang School of Physics&Information Technology Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an710119China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials and Devices/Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and GuangdongShenzhen518060China

Narrow-bandgap materials possess the intriguing optical-electric properties and unique structures,which can be widely applied in the field of photonics,energy optoelectronic sensing and biomedicine,etc.Nowadays,the researches on nonlinear optical properties of narrow-bandgap materials have attracted extensive attention worldwide.In this paper,we review the progress of narrow-bandgap materials from many aspects,such as background,nonlinear optical properties,energy band structure,methods of preparation,and applications.These materials have obvious nonlinear optical characteristics and the interaction with the short pulse laser excitation shows the extremely strong nonlinear absorption characteristics,which leads to the optical limiting or saturable absorption related to Pauli blocking and excited state absorption.Especially,some of these novel narrow-bandgap materials have been utilized for the generation of ultrashort pulse that covers the range from the visible to mid-infrared wavelength regions.Hence,the study on these materials paves a new way for the advancement of optoelctronics devices.

关键词： narrow-bandgap materials saturable absorber ultrafast lasers modulator photodetectors

Femtosecond infrared optical vortex lasers based on optical parametric amplification

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2022年第5期10卷 20-25页

作者： Renyu Feng Junyu Qian Yujie Peng Yanyan Li Wenkai Li Yuxin Leng Ruxin Li State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics(SIOM)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)ShanghaiChina Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina

Infrared femtosecond optical vortices open up many new research fields,such as optical micro–nano manipulation,time-resolved nonlocal spectroscopy in solids,vortex secondary radiation and particle generations.In this article,we demonstrate a femtosecond optical vortex laser system based on a two-stage optical parametric amplifier.In our experiment,1.45µm vortex signal pulses with energy of 190µJ and 1.8µm vortex idler pulses with energy of 158µJ have been obtained,and the pulse durations are 51 and 48 fs,respectively.Both the energy fluctuations of the signal and idler pulses are less than 0.5%(root mean square),and the spectral fluctuations are less than 1.5%within 1 hour.This type of highly stable femtosecond optical vortex laser has a wide range of applications for vortex strong-field physics.

关键词： infrared lasers optical vortex ultrafast lasers

A concept for multiterawatt fibre lasers based on coherent pulse stacking in passive cavities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 62-68页

作者： Sven Breitkopf Tino Eidam Arno Klenke Lorenz von Grafenstein Henning Carstens Simon Holzberger Ernst Fill Thomas Schreiber Ferenc Krausz Andreas Tunnermann Ioachim Pupeza Jens Limpert Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena07745 JenaGermany Helmholtz Institute Jena 07743 JenaGermany Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics 85748 GarchingGermany Ludwig Maximilians University Munchen Department of Physics85748 GarchingGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering 07745 JenaGermany

Since the advent of femtosecond lasers,performance improvements have constantly impacted on existing applications and enabled novel applications.However,one performance feature bearing the potential of a quantum leap for high-field applications is still not available:the simultaneous emission of extremely high peak and average powers.Emerging applications such as laser particle acceleration require exactly this performance regime and,therefore,challenge laser technology at large.On the one hand,canonical bulk systems can provide pulse peak powers in the multi-terawatt to petawatt range,while on the other hand,advanced solid-state-laser concepts such as the thin disk,slab or fibre are well known for their high efficiency and their ability to emit high average powers in the kilowatt range with excellent beam quality.In this contribution,a compact laser system capable of simultaneously providing high peak and average powers with high wall-plug efficiency is proposed and analysed.The concept is based on the temporal coherent combination(pulse stacking)of a pulse train emitted from a high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser system in a passive enhancement cavity.Thus,the pulse energy is increased at the cost of the repetition rate while almost preserving the average power.The concept relies on a fast switching element for dumping the enhanced pulse out of the cavity.The switch constitutes the key challenge of our proposal.Addressing this challenge could,for the first time,allow the highly efficient dumping of joule-class pulses at megawatt average power levels and lead to unprecedented laser parameters.

关键词： cavity dumping cavity enhancement coherent pulse addition high average power and high peak power ultrafast lasers

Studies of super-short pulse generated by a free-electron lasers at perfect synchronism

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Chinese Optics Letters 2013年第14期11卷 73-76页

作者：窦玉焕束小建 Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094 China

Three-dimensional （3D） simulations and theoretical analyses on super-short pulse generated using free- electron lasers （FELs） at perfect synchronism are carried out with the help of our 3D OSIFEL code. The evolution of longitudinal pulse width in the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute （JAERI） experiment is simulated. The results show that the optical pulse is compressed on successive passes due to the slippage between the optical and electron beams, and an ultra-short 221-fs optical pulse is finally obtained, which agrees with the experiment. Furthermore, to shorten wavelength such as soft ultraviolet （SUV） spectrum range, an ultra-short pulse generated at perfect synchronism is analyzed and studied. Finally, the relationship between the optical pulse length compressed and the peak electron beam current is calculated. It shows that the higher the electron beam current, the shorter the output FEL width length, due to the higher gain.

关键词： 140.2600 Free-electron lasers (FELs) 140.7090 ultrafast lasers 140.7240 UV, EUV, and X-ray lasers

Effect of environmental media on ablation rate of stainless steel under femtosecond laser multiple raster scans

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Chinese Optics Letters 2015年第1期13卷 53-58页

作者：崔泽琴黎颖奇王文先林振祥许并社 College of Material Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Key laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA

We investigate the influence of environmental media on ablation rate of AISI 443 stainless steel under femtosecond （fs） laser single raster scan and multiple raster scans in air, water, and methanol. Meanwhile, the development of ablation rate with the change of fs laser-induced surface morphology in the three environmental media is comparatively studied. The results show that environmental media as well as fs laser-induced morphology control the ablation rate with the increasing number of raster scans （N）. Under single raster scanning （N = 1）, the ablation rate is higher in liquid than in air due to the confinement of plasma, laser-induced shockwaves, and bubble-related mechanical forces. However, under multiple raster scans, the variation in ablation rate with the increase in N in these three environmental media is complicated and is largely determined by the surface morphology induced by previous fs laser ablation. When N 〉 20, the ablation rate is much higher in air than in liquids due to preferential ablation caused by the formation of nanostructures-textured mound-shaped microstructures in air. Besides, the redeposition of ejected ablated materials is also an important factor that affects the ablation depth.

关键词： Ablation Laser ablation Morphology Surface morphology ultrafast lasers