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The Relationships between Dyeing Methods and Dyeability in Hair Colouring by Utilising Enzymatic Oxidation of (+)-Catechin

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 1058-1066页

作者： Takanori Matsubara Chinami Seki Hidekazu Yasunaga Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Industrial Technology Amagasaki Japan Department of Fibre Science and Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Japan

The enzymatic oxidation of (+)-catechin (Cat) with copper-containing oxidase, tyrosinase, was applied to hair colouring in the study. The Cat is oxidised to be o-benzoquinone form, the catechinone, which works as the hair dyestuff. Four kinds of hair colouring techniques using Cat were examined and each of their dyeability was compared in order to improve it. The first dyeing method is dyeing hair by the redissolved catechinone, which is preliminarily obtained by the oxidation of Cat (Redissolution Dyeing Method). The second one is dyeing hair in the dye solution just after the dye being formed by the enzymatic reaction (Sequential Dyeing Method). The third one is dyeing hair in solution containing Cat and the dyeing process is accompanied by the oxidation of Cat (Simultaneous Oxidation Dyeing Method). The fourth one is two-step dyeing that the hair immersed in Cat solution at the first step and then it is oxidised enzymatically to colour at the second step (Post-Oxidation Dyeing Method). The hair is dyed pale yellow by Redissolution Method, deeper yellowish brown by Sequential and Simultaneous Oxidation Dyeing Method and slightly reddish brown by Post-Oxidation Method with Cat. The order of their dyeability is the Simultaneous Oxidation ≈ Post-Oxidation > Sequential > Redissolution Dyeing Method at 30°C. The dyeability of Redissolution Method increases with an increase in dyeing temperature (T) between 20°C - 60°C. In Simultaneous Oxidation Method, the T increment also provides higher dyeability, and the colour of dyed hair becomes duller over 50°C. The Post-Oxidation Method shows higher dyeability at the lower oxidation temperature (20 °C - 40°C).

关键词： Catechinone (+)-Catechin Bio-Catechol Hair Dyeing Enzymatic Oxidation tyrosinase

A Face Serum Containing Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38, Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, Bakuchiol and a Polyherbal and Vitamin Blend Improves Skin Quality

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2021年第3期11卷 237-252页

作者： Brett J. West Ifedayo Alabi Shixin Deng Research and Development Department NewAge Inc. American Fork Utah USA Research and Development Department NewAge Inc. Bray Republic of Ireland

A face serum composed of a combination of biologically active compounds was evaluated for safety and efficacy in vitro, in a repeat insult patch test and in a human clinical efficacy trial. The serum inhibited tyrosinase activity modestly, decreased collagenase activity and exhibited notable free radical scavenging activity in vitro. It is gentle to the skin, as the serum did not irritate the skin or produce symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis in the 55 healthy adults that participated in the repeat insult patch test. In the efficacy trial, daily application of the face serum for 30 days significantly increased skin hydration, with all 35 volunteers experiencing improvement. Substantial improvements in skin elasticity, roughness (fine lines and wrinkles), and brightness also occurred during the trial. Dermatological examination also revealed a trend for reduced comedone count with use of the serum. Self-assessment responses revealed that all volunteers experienced improvements in multiple skin quality parameters and that participant perceptions are consistent with the results of the instrumental analyses. These findings indicated that the measured improvements in skin quality are not only statistically significant but are also clinically relevant as they were great enough for users of the face serum to feel and recognize.

关键词： Face Serum Bakuchiol Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38 Hyaluronic Acid Repeat Insult Patch Test tyrosinase Collagenase Antioxidant Clinical Trial

Relationships between Species of Dyestuff Precursor and Dyeability in Hair Colouring Made by Enzymatic Oxidation Technique Using Bio-Catechols

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第6期8卷 1471-1483页

In the study, hair colouring by utilising enzymatic oxidation of nine species of bio-catechols, which are biobased materials having the catechol (o-dihydroxybenzene) group, was examined. The bio-catechols used are (+)-catechin (Cat), (-)-epicatechin (EC), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), hematoxylin (HX), brazilin (BZ), rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (ChA) or ellagic acid (EA). The dyeability of human white hair samples dyed by two kinds of dyeing methods using the bio-catechols was compared. First one is dyeing hair during the enzymatic oxidation of a bio-catechol dye precursor in a dye solution (simultaneous oxidation dyeing method). Second one is dyeing hair by oxidising enzymatically the precursor on hair, which is pre-treated with a bio-catechol solution (post-oxidation dyeing method). The results show that the bio-catechols except EA are oxidised to give colourants and Cat, EC, DOPA, HX and BZ are available for hair dyeing. Overall, the dyeability of simultaneous oxidation dyeing method is higher than that of post-oxidation one. The colour of the hair dyed by simultaneous method is yellowish brown for Cat or EC, grey for DOPA, dark yellowish brown for HX or reddish brown for BZ, respectively. The most vivid or deepest colour of dyed hair is obtained by dyeing with Cat or HX, respectively, in the simultaneous technique. It was found that the bio-catechols having chroman (3, 4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran) structure in the molecule such as Cat, EC, HX and BZ are useful for hair colouring.

关键词： Bio-Catechol Hair Dyeing Dyestuff Enzymatic Oxidation tyrosinase

Whitening Effect of Storage Protein 2 from Silkworm Hemolymph

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第9期5卷 758-767页

作者： Z-Hun Kim Jung Wook Hwang Joon Ho Lee Hojin Kim Dae-Seog Lim Sangjin Kang Heui Sam Lee Yong-Soo Choi Department of Applied Bioscience CHA University Seongnam Korea Sericultural & Apicultural Materials Division National Academy of Agricultural Science RDA Suwon Korea

This study investigated the effects of silkworm hemolymph-derived storage protein 2 (SP2) on the whitening process in mouse B16F1 melanoma cells. After the cells were treated with various concentrations of SP2 (0.1 - 1.0 mg/mL), cytotoxicity, melanin contents, and differences in mRNA and protein expression associated with melanogenesis were observed. No cytotoxicity was observed when cells were treated with SP2, even with increased SP2 concentrations of up to 2.0 mg/mL. When treated with various SP2 concentrations in the cells, the protein and mRNA expression of tyrosinase were dose-dependently decreased, respectively, and inhibition of tyrosinase was further increased by 50.0% with increasing SP2 concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Expression mRNAs coding tyrosinase related protein-1 and protein-2 (TRP-1 and TRP-2) was also significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner. When measuring the melanin content in melanoma cells, SP2 at 1 mg/mL inhibited melanin synthesis by 73.5% compared with non-treated cells. The inhibitory effect was 2.8-fold higher than that obtained using arbutin as a positive control. This study demonstrates that SP2, as a whitening material, is capable of suppressing melanin synthesis through the downregulation of proteins and genes in the melanin biosynthesis pathway.

关键词： Silkworm Hemolymph Storage Protein 2 Melanin tyrosinase Melanoma Cells

Biofunctionality Studies of <i>Cudrania cochinchinensis</i>Extracts

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： Wayne C. Liao Chwan-Fwu Lin Chia-Ching Lin Rui-Fen He Chien-Chih Chen Wen-Ying Huang Department of Nursing Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Chia-Yi Campus Taiwan Department of Cosmetic Science Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Tao-Yuan Campus Taiwan Department of Applied Cosmetology Hung-Kuang University Taichung Taiwan Department of Biotechnology Hung-Kuang University Taichung Taiwan

Cudrania cochinchinensis has been found to show remarkable medicinal values. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of C. cochinchinensis extracts were analyzed, and the antioxidant activity and reducing ability of C. cochinchinensis extracts were also evaluated. Tetrahydroxyflavanonol (THF) was isolated from the xylem and pith portions of C. cochinchinensis stem;however, the bark portion of C. cochinchinensis stem was found to contain no THF. Consequently, solutions extracted from the xylem and pith portions of C. cochinchinensis showed good antioxidant activity. The IC50 values of pith, xylem, and bark extracts were 0.779, 3.020, and 3.507 mg/mL, respectively. As the pith portion of C. cochinchinensis stem contained more THF and had a higher flavonoid content, it exhibited better antioxidant activity and reducing ability. In addition, C. cochinchinensis pith extracts reduced tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 = 16.1 μg/mL. The inhibitory activity was determined to be noncompetitive with Km = 0.23 mM.

关键词： Cudrania cochinchinensis Tetrahydroxyflavanonol Antioxidant Activity Reducing Ability tyrosinase

Electrochemical Biosensors for Determination of Organophosphorus Compounds: Review

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Open Journal of Applied Biosensor 2012年第1期1卷 1-8页

作者： Anjum Gahlaut Ashish Gothwal Anil K. Chhillar Vikas Hooda Centre for Biotechnology Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak India Department of Biotechnology & Molecular Medicine Pt. B. D. Sharma University of Health Sciences Rohtak India

In last few decades there is exponential increase in use of organophosphorus (OP) compounds as pesticides and insecticides leading to adverse effect on human population and live stock. There is a great need to develop portable analytical tools that are amenable for remediation and bioremediation process monitoring, where rapid analysis of large number of samples is essential. Determination of various organophosphorus compounds has been achieved by integrating biocomponents with different transducers. The close integration of the biological events with the generation of a signal offers the potential for fabricating compact and easy-to-use analytical tools of high sensitivity and specificity. With the availability of new materials, associated with new sensing techniques has led to remarkable innovations in the design and construction of organophosphorus biosensors. The present review describes the specifications of most of the electrochemical Organophosphorus biosensors reported till date.

关键词： Organophosphorus Compounds Acetylcholinestrase tyrosinase Organophosphorus Hydrolase Electrochemical Biosensor

Prolonged Production of L-DOPA Using Immobilized Aspergillus Terreus

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Journal of Life Sciences 2010年第5期4卷 49-52页

作者： Sankar Lal Poddar Sharmila Chattopadhyay Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology School of Tropical Medicine Kolkata 700 073 India Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Kolkata 700 032 India

The objective of this study is to improve the production of L-DOPA from fungal source like Aspergillus terreus that can be further used to large-scale commercial production of this important drug from microbial sources. L-DOPA, a dopamine precursor that can pass the blood-brain barrier, is presently the drug of choice for Parkinson＇s disease. Microbial production and isolation of L-DOPA from natural sources is yet to be achieved an economical process. In this study, the mycelial pellets ofAspergillus terreus 104 were entrapped in 2% calcium alginate and were studied for their capacity for L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine production. Results showed that the immobilized pellets produced L-DOPA to the extent of 0.74 mg·G^-1 biomass while the free pellets produced 0.8 mg·G^-1 biomass. Further, storage of immobilized pellets for 96 h at 4 ℃ resulted in the reduction of the original L-DOPA producing activity of the gel beads only 40% and that of free pellets lost completely. In order to improve the production yield, further experiments were designed. It was found that L-DOPA production could be prolonged with repeated batch wise use of immobilized mycelial pellets in calcium alginate retaining 80% of their L-DOPA producing capacity for a period of 72 h while free pellets lost completely within 24 h. Results of this kind therefore is interesting and promising for commercial scale production of L-DOPA from microbial sources.

关键词： L-DOPA tyrosinase Aspergillus terreus 104 immobilized pellets 96 h storage

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81625020,81402736,and 81902791)and the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2019sf-079).

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2021年第3期4卷 152-162页

作者： Jia-Hui Jin Yu-Yan Jiang Yan Wang Zhao-Wei Meng Di-Hua Li Lei Zhang Hao Wang Yan-Jun Zhang Graduate School Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China Department of Nuclear General Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052China College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China Research Institute Tianjin NanKai HospitalTianjin 300100China Research and Development Department Tianjin ShangMei Cosmetics Co.Ltd.Tianjin 300380China School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China

Objective:This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the human melanogenesis and antioxidant systems and to further confirm the synergistic effect of oxyresveratrol(OXYR)and resveratrol(RES)in human epidermal melanocyte cell ***:The human epidermal melanocyte line PIG1 cells were divided into the UV groups and control group,treated with different doses of UVB and without UVB,*** assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and *** expression of Nrf2/HO-1 and melanogenesis-associated proteins/genes was measured by Western blotting and real-time qPCR(RT-qPCR).pCMV6-XL5-Nrf2 was used to upregulate the expression of ***,the proteins/genes levels of Nrf2/HO-1 and tyrosinase(TYR),melanin/eumelanin content,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)were *** analysis and cell experiment were used to analyze whether OXYR and RES inhibit TYR *** blotting,RT-qPCR,and NaOH splitting method were used to determine the Nrf2/HO-1 and melanogenesis-associated proteins/genes expression and melanin content to evaluate the efficacy of OXYR and ***:The activated Nrf2 and HO-1 eliminated ROS produced by UVB *** melanogenesis-associated proteins/genes of melanocyte-inducing transcription factor(MITF,P<0.01 on protein expression),TYR(both P<0.01),TYR-related protein(TRP)-1(both P<0.05),and TRP2(P<0.05 on mRNA expression)were activated in PIG1 cells by UVB ***,the upregulation of Nrf2 significantly reduced melanogenesis formation(P<0.001)and TYR level(P<0.01 on protein expression).Moreover,OXYR and RES synergistically inhibited TYR activity(P<0.001)and reduced melanin content(P<0.001).Conclusions:A microbalance exists between Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and melanogenesis production in the UVBinduced responses of ***,OXYR enhances the ability of RES to inhibit melanin production.

关键词： melanin Nrf2/HO-1 oxyresveratrol reactive oxygen species resveratrol tyrosinase

Extraction of Effective Ingredient from Pomegranate Peels and Its Whitening Effect

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2012年第1期1卷 19-22页

作者： Xinyu AO Shouqing LIU Yuhui CHEN Faculty of Life Science Southwest Forestry University

[ Objective] This study aimed to extract the effective ingredient of pomegranate peels and explore its whitening effect. [ Method] Pomegranate peels were used as materials for single factor experiment to determine the optimal technique for effective ingredient extraction from pomegranate peels and explore the inhibition of the extracts on tyrosinase and whitening effect of the effective ingredient of pomegranate peels. [ Result] The optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of effective ingredient in pomegranate peels were： liquid-to-solid ratio of 1：20 with 60% ethanol, extraction temperature of 60℃, ultrasonic intensity of 7 and pro- cessing time of 40 min, which led to relatively strong inhibition effect of pomegranate peel extracts on tyrosinase. The inhibition rate of extracts obtained with com- mon solvent reflux extraction method was only around 60%, while the inhibition rate of extracts obtained with ultrasound-assisted extraction method on tyrosinase ac- tivity had achieved around 90%, showing a very significant the difference, which indicated that during the process of extraction of effective ingredient from pome- granate peels, appropriate ultrasound-assistance was advantageous to the extraction of active ingredients; in addition, the inhibition effect of extracts on tyrosinase had increased with the increasing concentration of extracts, and the inhibition rate could achieve 100%. [ Condusion] This study provided a certain theoretical ba- sis for the utilization of pomegranate peels as natural green materials to develop whitening cosmetics.

关键词： Ultrasound-assisted extraction Common solvent reflux extraction Pomegranate peels tyrosinase