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Family Medicine and Community Health 2018年第4期6卷 168-177页

作者： Nnenna A.Osuji Oluwaseun Solomon Ojo Sunday O.Malomo Peter T.Sogunle Ademola O.Egunjobi Olufisayo O.Odebunmi Family Medicine Department Federal Medical CentreAbeokutaNigeria

Objective:The practice of diabetes self-care behaviors has been cited as a foundation for achieving optimal glycemic *** motivation of people with diabetes mellitus is,howev-er,needed for the performance of these *** is therefore pertinent to know if motivation by the family will improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes *** study aimed to investigate the relationship between glycemic control and perceived family support among Ni-gerians with type 2 diabetes ***:A cross-sectional study was conduced on 316 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended a medical outpatient *** were collected through a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and a standardized tool(Perceived Social Support-Family scale).Hemoglobin A1c level was used as an indicator of glycemic ***:The proportion of participants with good glycemic control was 40.6%.Most of the participants(137,43.8%)had strong perceived family *** perceived family support(P=0.00001,odds ratio 112.51)was an independent predictor of good glycemic ***:This study shows that strong perception of family support is a predictor of gly-cemic control among the adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus *** working in sub-Saharan African countries with rich kinship networks should harness the available family support of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in their management.

关键词： Glycaemic control perceived family support type 2 dm kinship Nigeria

Role of C-Peptide in Relation to Levels of Anti-GAD and Islet Cell Antibodies in Characterizing types of Diabetes in the Young, in Eastern India

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2022年第1期12卷 1-11页

作者： Sidhartha Das Dipanweeta Routray Manoranjan Behera Saroj Kumar Tripathy Formerly HOD P. G. Department of Medicine and Dean and Principal SCBMCH Cuttack India Department of Community Medicine SCBMCH Cuttack India SCBMCH Cuttack India Department of Department of Medicine. S. L. M. Medical College Koraput Odisha India

Background: Measuring fasting C-peptide (FCP) and antibodies against Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are not so commonly explored in children and young adults. Objectives: To assess the levels of FCP, GADA and ICA in subjects below the age of 25 years with dm and compare their levels to differentiate between Autoimmune and Non-Autoimmune type 1 dm. Methodology: Blood samples of 93 subjects diagnosed with dm, reporting to the tertiary care hospital, were analysed for ICA, GADA and FCP. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were analysed to check the ability of autoimmune markers, BMI and C-peptide to differentiate between Autoimmune (Ai) and Non-Autoimmune (NonAi) diabetes. Results: 30/93 (32.2%) were positive for anti-GAD ab and/or ICA and categorised as Autoimmune (Ai), the most common antibody being, anti-GAD ab (80%) in them. The level of FCP among Ai compared to NonAi, was significantly low (p 20.75 nmol/l) as a very dependable test for diagnosing Ai, type 1 dm, in children and young adults. Its sensitivity and specificity are in the range of 86.2% and 96.8% respectively. Low level of C-peptide (Conclusion: This study revealed predominant positivity for anti-GAD ab (80%) among Ai+ patients. ROC analysis shows GADA above 20.75 nmol/l and Fasting C-peptide < 0.36 nmol/l as a good indicator for diagnosing Ai in children and young adults.

关键词： C-Peptide Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies (GADA) Islet Cell Antibodies (ICA) ROC Analysis type 1 dm type 2 dm

Relationship between Serum Leptin and Adiponectin Levels in Obese Nigerians with type 2 Diabetes Subjects

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第3期13卷 248-256页

作者： Rosemary Temidayo Ikem Ugochukwu Rosemary Mosanya Gbadebo Oladimeji David Ajani Okechukwu Obumneme Ezekpo David Olubukunmi Soyoye Department of Medicine Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife Nigeria Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex Ile Ife Nigeria Department of Medicine Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti & Federal Medical Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti Nigeria Department of Medicine Afe Babalola University & Multi-System Hospital Ado Ekiti Nigeria

Background: Obesity is rising globally, independent of ethnicity, race and age, and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity especially in persons living with diabetes. The effect of adipokines such as leptin, resistin and adiponectin which are secreted by adipose tissue factors has been linked to the increased risk of the cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Aim: This study aims to assess the levels of serum leptin and serum adiponectin in obese type 2 diabetes subjects, and their relationship with cardio-metabolic component (using lipid profile). Method: This is a cross-sectional comparative hospital-based study in which one hundred and fifty participants grouped into 60 obese, 60 non-obese none diabetic and 30 non-obese non-diabetic adults with similar age from the Endocrinology outpatient’s clinic, General outpatient department (GOPD) and staff clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC). Anthropometric parameters and other relevant clinical details of all subjects were obtained. Fasting venous blood samples were taken from all subjects for the determination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting lipid profile, glycosylated haemoglobin levels (HbA1C), fasting serum insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Twenty-eight (46.7%)) subjects were males while 32 subjects (53.3%) were females (in obese groups). There was no statistical difference between these two groups for both sexes (p = 1.000). The age range for all subjects was 34 to 64 years with their mean age being 52 ± 7.3 years, and for type 2 subjects and the obese non-diabetic 50.7 ± 7.3 years respectively. The mean body mass index of the non-obese and non-diabetic was 23.7 ± 4 Kg/m2 while the anthropometric measurements of the obese two groups were similar. The lipid profile, serum leptin and adiponectin in both the obese groups

关键词： Obesity type 2 dm Leptin Adipokines

Exercise as Component of Standard Diabetes Management, the Challenges to Improve Performance among Sudanese type 2 Diabetes

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2020年第8期10卷 107-116页

作者： Hisham Mohammed Abdelrahim Abdelhaleem Mustafa Madani Tarig Mohammed El-Hadiyah Asma Noureldaim Mahmoud Medicine and Endocrinology University of National Ribat Khartoum Sudan Pharmacology Department Faculty of Pharmacy International University of Africa Khartoum Sudan Clinical Pharmacy Cardiac Center Omdurman Teaching Hospital Omdurman Sudan Pharmacy Practice Department Faculty of Pharmacy International University of Africa Khartoum Sudan

Background: Exercise is important component of diabetes management. Regular exercise improves blood glucose, reduces hazard of cardiovascular diseases, decreases weight, increases insulin sensitivity and strengthens patients’ general health. Regular exercise can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in those of high-risk populations. Although there are great benefits of regular exercise, unfortunately majority of people with type 2 diabetes are not active. Objectives: The main goal of this study was to assess patients adherence to regular exercise among type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) attending Ribat University Hospital Diabetic Clinic (RUHDC) Khartoum state, Sudan. Methods: Analytical cross sectional hospital based study was carried out among 351 patients from August 2012 to February 2013. Structured questionnaire and patients cards were used to collect data. Results: Out of 351 patients, female were 65.8% and male 34.2%. Patients older than 60 years 48.4%, illiterate 21.0%, only 44.2% had basic educational level, house wife 56.1% and retired 18.5%. Majority had irregular exercise program (80.1%), 12.1% specified lack of time whilst 87.9% did not specify any other reasons as barrier for regular exercise “no reason”. Daily activity was the main type of physical activity (59.8%). Although insignificant, irregular exercise was higher among female patients, their age above 60 years, patients had low education levels and those had financial problems. Conclusion: Regular exercise was low in this study. Lack of time, female, patients older than 60 years, had low education levels, and had financial problems, which were the main barriers of regular exercise. Family support, tailored patients’ education and reduction of patients’ use of technology and modern living can improve the patients’ activity.

关键词： type 2 dm Exercise Physical Activity/Exercise Ribat Diabetic Clinic

Saudi Consensus for GLP-1 RAs Switching Guidance: Consensus Report

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 22-35页

作者： Saud Alsifri Hussein Elbadawi Fahad Alsabaan Abdulraouf Almahfouz Khalid Alyahya Eman Shesha Laila Abu Esba Meshal Alnais Raed Aldahash Turky Alharbi Saleh Aljaser Emad R. Issak Endocrinology Department Alhada & Taif Armed Forces Hospitals Taif Saudi Arabia My Clinic Medical Center Jeddah Saudi Arabia Endocrinology Department Security Forces Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia Section of Endocrinology Department of Medicine The King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia Pharmacy Department Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia Diabetes Center King Salman Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia Internal Medicine and Diabetes King Khalid Hospital Hail Saudi Arabia Department of Medicine King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Riyadh Saudi Arabia Family Medicine Department Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science Riyadh Saudi Arabia Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Ain-Shams University Cairo Egypt

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) provide adequate glycemic control, weight reduction, low risk of hypoglycemia, and CV risk reduction. Their usage for type 2 dm (T2dm) is recommended mainly when hypoglycemia or weight gain should be considered, also, whenever initial therapy is failed. There are many recent updates in the treatment paradigm of T2dm. There are many types of GLP-1RAs, with a knowledge gap regarding switching between the different types. A Saudi task force gathered to develop an explicit, evidence-based consensus for switching between GLP-1RAs, when, why, and how? This article contains the expert panel’s recommendations as a contribution to complement the knowledge gap in this area from the national perspective. As an alternative to intensifying therapy, switching from one GLP-1RA to another has various advantages. Improvements in glycemic control, weight loss, adherence, and medications with established cardiovascular benefits are among them. Also, switching needs to be individualized upon many discussed factors like the dose of the previous GLP1-RA and gastrointestinal adverse effects. Discussion with patients about the why and how to switch is critical.

关键词： Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Switching type 2 dm Glycemic Control