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Are Confucius Institutes Building Blocks or Stumbling Blocks for Foreign Students in China: An Empirical Study of 190 Countries (1999–2015)

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ECNU Review of Education 2020年第2期3卷 235-253页

作者： Dongyang Chen Wei Ha Graduate School of Education/Institute of Economics Education Peking University100871 BeijingChina Peking University

Purpose:This study investigates the impact of Confucius Institutes on China’s international education ***,it examines whether the establishment of Confucius Institutes has a gravitational effect on the scale of foreign students coming to ***,it discerns whether there are any association between the establishment of Confucius Institutes and the attributes of foreign students based on the type of program they ***,it identifies whether there are any differences in the impact of Confucius Institutes based on constraints such as the number of foreign students,income levels,cultural distance,and geographical ***/Approach/Methods:Based on the trade gravity model and the push–pull theory,we estimated a two-way fixed-effects model using panel data of all source countries from 1999 to ***:Results show that Confucius Institutes have helped China attract more foreign students on Chinese government scholarships,with each Institute increasing such enrolment by 1.3%.However,Confucius Institutes have resulted in a drop in the total number of foreign students studying in China,especially nondegree *** substitution effect means that the Institutes actually help China improve the composition of its foreign *** heterogeneity analysis shows that the substitution effect is primarily driven by the main source ***,this study suggests that China should establish more Confucius Institutes in Africa and Eastern Europe to maximize the catalyzing effect of Confucius ***/Value:In contrast to previous studies on foreign scholarship in China,this study examines all 190 source countries from 1999 to *** comprehensive study also explores the heterogeneous effects of foreign students on trade across economic,cultural,and geographical domains.

关键词： Confucius Institute foreign students in China impact evaluation of policies two-way fixed effects

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The Growth of Sub-Saharan Africa in the 2000s:Estimation of the Contributions of Factor Accumulation and Factor Productivity

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Economics World 2021年第2期9卷 43-59页

作者： Robert Dauda Korsu Mohamed Ben Omar Ndiaye Njala University FreetownSierra Leone University Cheikh Anta Diop(UCAD) DakarSenegal

Sustained economic growth is a key source of poverty alleviation and growth that is driven more by productivity than the quantity of factors of production is useful for long-term inclusive growth and poverty reduction,which is needed in Sub-Saharan *** paper sought to investigate the relative roles of capital and labour as factors of production and their productivity in the growth process of Sub-Saharan Africa using annual data from 2000 to 2018.A production function was estimated,following the construction of data for capital stock using the perpetual inventory *** production function was estimated by applying the instrumental variables(IV)to the two-way fixed effects model,using clustered standard *** results show that the share of capital and labour in production were 0.14 and 0.86 ***,labour and their productivity contributed 24.7%,51.1%and 24.2%respectively to real GDP growth during the period 2001 to *** efforts in building the productivity of capital and labour are therefore required in Sub-Saharan *** good governance,the legal framework,political stability,expanded access to quality education and affordable quality healthcare,greater openness towards technological progress are therefore imperative.

关键词： growth factor productivity Sub-Saharan Africa two-way fixed effects

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