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Pollen morphology of selected tundra plants from the highArctic of Ny-lesund, Svalbard

Advances in Polar Science 2012年第2期23卷 103-115页

作者： YAO Yifeng ZHAO Qi BERA Subir LI Xiaoli LI Chengsen State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Life Science Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100037China Department of Botany University of CalcuttaKolkata 700019India Beijing Museum of Natural History Beijing 100050China

Documenting morphological features of modem pollen is fundamental for the identification of fossil pollen, which will assist researchers to reconstruct the vegetation and climate of a particular geologic period. This paper presents the pollen morphol- ogy of 20 species of tundra plants from the high Arctic of Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, using light and scanning electron microscopy. The plants used in this study belong to 12 families： Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Ericaceae, Juncaceae, Papav- eraceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, and Scrophulariaceae. Pollen grain shapes included： spher- oidal, subprolate, and prolate. Variable apertural patterns ranged from 2-syncolpate, 3-colpate, 3-（-4）-colpate, 3-（-5）-colpate, 3-colporate, 5-poroid, ulcerate, ulcus to pantoporate. Exine ornamentations comprised psilate, striate-perforate, reticulate, mi- croechinate, microechinate-perforate, scabrate, granulate, and granulate-perforate. This study provided a useful reference for com- parative studies of fossil pollen and for the reconstruction of paleovegetation and paleoclimate in Svalbard region of Arctic.

关键词： Arctic Ny-A lesund pollen morphology Svalbard tundra plants

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Source of and potential bio-indicator for the heavy metal pollution in Ny-lesund,Arctic

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2007年第2期18卷 110-121页

作者：王小飞袁林喜罗泓灏龙楠烨王玉宏孙立广 Institute of Polar Environment University of Science and Technology of China

Three kinds of tundra plant samples including Dicranum angustum（ a type of boreal bryophyte ） , Puceinellia phryganodes （a type of fringy plant） , Salix polaris （ a type of vascular plant） and surface soil were samples in 200 at Ny-Alesund of the Arctic. The levels of eight heavy metal elements （ Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn） and three metal-like elements （As, Se, Sr） in the plant and soil samples of the areas within previous coal mining activities are significantly higher than those of other areas. The relative accumulation of these elements in these tundra plant samples is consistent with the one in the soil samples, especially in the areas affected by previous coal-mining activities. Thus, the pollution is apparently from local coal mining activity. Dicranum angustum has the highest concentrations among those elements, and it can be a good bio-indicator for heavy metal pollution in Ny-Alesund. Though Ny- Alesund is less polluted by heavy metal than nearby Northern European human living areas, but much more than the tundras of the Alaska, Greenland and the Antarctic.

关键词： Arctic Ny-Aesund tundra plants heavy metals pollution gradient

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