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trust,Capitalism and Contract in English Economic History:1500-1750

Social Sciences in China 2015年第1期36卷 130-143页

作者：克雷格.穆尔德鲁 Queens' College University of Cambridge

As most market transactions involved the extension of informal credit because of a lack of ready cash, this meant that interpersonal trust was of central importance, and, as a result, a reputation for honesty and fair dealing in the community was vital to being successful. Money was used only in a limited number of exchanges, and credit, in the form of household reputation, was a ＂cultural currency＂ of trust used to transact most business. trust, belief, and credit all went together, and no distinction was made between economic and social credit, as credit produced wealth and status of the middling sort. As the market expanded in the late sixteenth century, networks of credit became more intertwined over longer geographical distances, and thus trust became more problematic, and disputes over debts led to contention. These produced an enormous amount of litigation as the common law was increasingly used to enforce contracts. This led to much downward mobility through over-indebtedness, which reinforced the social importance of having good credit, and consequently the culture of credit became increasingly legalised. Although competition for credit together with the need to maintain household profitability put stress on the social maintenance of trust in the market, the economy could not work without it. As a result, the increase in commerce was seen as an essentially sociable activity because it required trust. trust gradually came to be interpreted as the basis of justice, and the necessity of keeping promises, as the foundation of all social organisation. But by 1750 litigation had collapsed to a very low level, and self- control and politeness on the part of rational individuals came to play a more important role in dispute settlement than legal means. Whereas in the early modem period conflict occurred and was dealt with after its occurrence, self-control aimed to prevent inter-personal conflict and litigation before they happened. As a result, the concepts of ＂ca

关键词： trust credit England capitalism

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A nonmonotone adaptive trust-region algorithm for symmetric nonlinear equations

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Natural Science 2010年第4期2卷 373-378页

作者： Gong-Lin Yuan Cui-Ling Chen Zeng-Xin Wei 不详

In this paper, we propose a nonmonotone adap-tive trust-region method for solving symmetric nonlinear equations problems. The convergent result of the presented method will be estab-lished under favorable conditions. ... 详细信息

关键词： trust Region Method Global Con-vergence Symmetric Nonlinear Equations

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Research on Beta trust Model of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Energy Load Balancing

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Wireless Sensor Network 2010年第5期2卷 373-380页

作者： Danwei Chen Xizhou Yu Xianghui Dong 不详

This paper proposed beta trust model based on energy load balancing combines the recent achievements of the trust models in distributed networks, together with the characteristics of wireless sensor networks. The inter-node trust relation is established after an overall evaluation of node trust value based on the monitor results of the node packets forwarding behavior conducted by inter-node collaboration. Due to the node energy limitation in wireless sensor networks, energy load balancing mechanism is applied to prolong the node survival time. And the redundant routing protocol involves the presented trust model to develop the novel trust routing protocol of beta trust model based on energy load balancing. Simulation performance demonstrates that the beta trust model based on energy load balancing outperforms current schemes in energy consumption.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Networks Beta trust Model trust Routing Protocol Network Security trust Evaluation

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SCP-trust Reasoning Strategy Based on Preference and Its Service Composition Process of Context-Aware Process

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2014年第9期2卷 38-45页

作者： Xiaona Xia Jiguo Yu Baoxiang Cao School of Computer Science Qufu Normal University Rizhao China

Before providing services to the user, user preference considerations are the key conditions to achieve the self-adaptive decision-making about service selection and composition process, which is the flexible concerned aspect provided by massive cloud computing environment data. Meanwhile, during the whole services’ providing process, achieving the capturing and forming of service aggregation units’ topology logic, building the context environment’s process-aware of service composition, ensuring the trust and adaptation among service aggregation units, which are the important reasons to express timely requirement preference. This paper designs SCP-trust Reasoning strategy about the integration of user preference and trust, with process algebra, it is to achieve the context process-aware logic for service composition process, in order to improve the autonomous optimization and evolution of service implementation system.

关键词： Preferences trust Reasoning Context-Aware Process Service Composition Service Aggregation Unit

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Role of trust, Privacy Concerns and Data Governance in Managers’ Decision on Adoption of Big Data Systems

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Management Studies 2019年第3期7卷 229-237页

作者： Selen Balkaya Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey

This paper investigates the role of trust, privacy concerns, and data governance on managers’ intention to use big data systems. In literature, trusting beliefs, such as functionality, helpfulness, and reliability were found to be antecedent of trust in technological artifacts. Notice, access, choice, and security principles were found to be crucial in eliminating privacy concerns. On the other hand, this paper focuses on data storage and data collection which have been significant criterion for managers in evaluating companies’ data governance policies. A model depicting the relationships amongst all these factors and their relation to users’ intention to adopt big data systems and a scale was proposed in the paper.

关键词： big data systems privacy concerns data governance trust technology acceptance Introduction

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Detection of Insider Selective Forwarding Attack Based on Monitor Node and trust Mechanism in WSN

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Wireless Sensor Network 2014年第11期6卷 237-248页

作者： Yu Hu Yuanming Wu Hongshuai Wang School of Optoelectronic Information University of Electronic Science and Technology Chengdu China

The security problems of wireless sensor networks (WSN) have attracted people’s wide attention. In this paper, after we have summarized the existing security problems and solutions in WSN, we find that the insider attack to WSN is hard to solve. Insider attack is different from outsider attack, because it can’t be solved by the traditional encryption and message authentication. Therefore, a reliable secure routing protocol should be proposed in order to defense the insider attack. In this paper, we focus on insider selective forwarding attack. The existing detection mechanisms, such as watchdog, multipath retreat, neighbor-based monitoring and so on, have both advantages and disadvantages. According to their characteristics, we proposed a secure routing protocol based on monitor node and trust mechanism. The reputation value is made up with packet forwarding rate and node’s residual energy. So this detection and routing mechanism is universal because it can take account of both the safety and lifetime of network. Finally, we use OPNET simulation to verify the performance of our algorithm.

关键词： Insider Attack Selective Forwarding trust Mechanism Monitor Node Secure Routing Protocol

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A Retrospective Filter trust Region Algorithm for Unconstrained Optimization

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Applied Mathematics 2010年第3期1卷 179-188页

作者： Yue Lu Zhongwen Chen 不详

In this paper, we propose a retrospective filter trust region algorithm for unconstrained optimization, which is based on the framework of the retrospective trust region method and associated with the technique of the multi-dimensional filter. The new algorithm gives a good estimation of trust region radius, relaxes the condition of accepting a trial step for the usual trust region methods. Under reasonable assumptions, we analyze the global convergence of the new method and report the preliminary results of numerical tests. We compare the results with those of the basic trust region algorithm, the filter trust region algorithm and the retrospective trust region algorithm, which shows the effectiveness of the new algorithm.

关键词： Unconstrained Optimization Retrospective trust Region Method Multi-Dimensional Filter Technique

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Patients’ Experiences of trust in the Patient-Nurse Relationship——A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第3期5卷 195-209页

作者： Kristine Rortveit Britt Satre Hansen Ingrid Leiknes Inge Joa Ingelin Testad Elisabeth Severinsson Stavanger University Hospital StavangerNorway Department of Health Studies Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of StavangerStavangerNorway Centre for Movement Disorders Stavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway Division of Psychiatry Regional Centre for Clinical Research in PsychosisStavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway Regional Centre for Age-Related Medicine(SESAM) Stavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway Department of Research Stavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway

Aims and Objectives: To report a synthesis of the literature on the meaning of trust in the context of patients’ experiences of nursing. The review question was “How do patients describe the meaning of trust in the nursing relationship?” Background: trust is essential in nursing as it has the potential to create opportunities for the human being to gain faith, hope and meaning in life as well as open up for new experiences. trust is an interpersonal and essential element of all patient-nurse relationships and requires nurses to create a trusting relationship with the patients. Design: Systematic qualitative literature review. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted for the period January 2002 to December 2012, updated in January 2014. 20 papers were included. Results: Four categories emerged: Attitudes related to trust, indicating that trust is fundamental and existential;Experiences of trust, concerning how trust can be sensed;The patient-nurse relationship, revealing the qualities of the person who creates trust;and Where trust occurs, illuminating the contextual relevancies of trust. Conclusions: Patients’ experiences of trust in nursing are dependent on the nurses’ knowledge, level of commitment in the dialogue to creating and developing the relationship and contextual issues. Implications for nursing practice: Reflection on a trusting relationship with the patient is necessary for a deeper conceptual understanding of trust in nursing. Clinical nurse researchers nurse supervisors, managers and nurse educatorsshould discuss different areas of trust during nursing supervision and focus-group meetings as well as with nursing graduates to ensure that nurses develop knowledge of how to create a trusting patient-nurse relationship.

关键词： Patient-Nurse Relationship Patient Experience Qualitative Literature Review trust

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Static and Dynamic Structure Characteristics of a trust Network and Formation of User trust in an Online Society

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Social Networking 2018年第4期7卷 197-219页

作者： Ying Li Hongduo Cao Ying Zhang Business School Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China

This study investigated the characteristics and formation of the online social trust network of ***, a general consumer review site. An analysis of the static structure of this social trust network revealed a high clustering coefficient, short average path length, and power-law degree distribution;it is therefore a small-world and scale-free trust network. The dynamic evolutionary characteristics of the online social network (OSN) were also examined. The results showed that the scale of the network followed a sigmoidal curve;the average degree of the network was nonconstant and changed into a bell-shaped distribution;the density of the network decreased and subsequently stabilized;and user trust diffusion in the network conformed to the Bass model. Finally, the formation of trust within the network was researched at the overall network (macro) and individual user (micro) levels. Compared with their accumulated contribution and reputation, user activeness had a larger effect on trust formation in OSNs, indicating a “diminishing returns” phenomenon. This phenomenon contrasts with the Matthew effect (i.e. , the more reputation a person has, the more likely he or she is to be trusted) in real-world social networks.

关键词： trust Network Static Structure Dynamic Evolution trust Formation Diminishing Returns

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Antecedents of Social Network trust in SNS Usage: The Moderating Role of Offline Familiarity

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Social Networking 2017年第2期6卷 107-134页

作者： Yu Wang School of Government Management Beijing Normal University Beijing China

With the rapid development of social networks, there is a focus on marketing strategies and business models that are based on social media. In the academic world, scholars believe that online trust is a key factor contributing to online purchasing behavior. This article explored several factors in social media trust and verified the moderating role of offline familiarity by using relevant research on online trust in conjunction with a structure equation model. The results show that independent variables such as reputation, SNS interaction, information quality, reciprocity, satisfaction and shared values have a positive influence on trust, whereas perceived similarity does not, and information quality is the most important factor. In addition, offline familiarity significantly moderates the relations between information quality, reciprocity, reputation, shared values and social media trust. This information is important to assist companies in developing an effective social network marketing strategy.

关键词： Offline Familiarity Social Network trust Moderate Structure Equation Modeling

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