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Use of probiotics and botanical extracts to improve ruminant production in the tropics: A review

Animal Nutrition 2018年第3期4卷 241-249页

作者： Muhammed A.Arowolo Jianhua He College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University

Ruminant production, especially in the tropics and developing countries suffers a setback when compared with the temperate and developed countries, which is attributable to the kinds of available feed resources in the region of production. In the tropics, ruminants are restricted to grazing on low-quality forages, crop residues and agro-industrial by-products with very little or no concentrate diets, which adversely affect the animals in exhibiting their full production potential. Considering this fact, there is an increasing interest in improving the digestibility of these feed resources. In recent years, researchers have explored several methods to enhance the functions of rumen microflora, improve digestion and fermentation processes, as well as increase bioavailability and utilization of nutrients through feed supplementation. This review aims to explore the positive effects of supplementation of ruminant diets with probiotics or botanical extracts and their metabolites on the productivity of the animals. Moreover, the functions of these non-pathogenic and non-toxic live microorganisms(probiotics) and plant biologically active compounds(botanical extract)are explored because of the ban on non-therapeutic use of antibiotics as growth promoters coupled with the critical preference of consumers to high quality and safe animal products. It has been reported that these alternative supplemental products have a beneficial impact on both animal health and productivity, which is affecting stabilization of rumen environment, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria proliferation in gastrointestinal tract, modulation of immune response, increase in fibre degradation and fermentation, nutrients availability and utilization, animal growth performance and milk production, among others. However,long-term in vivo studies are still required to determine the synergetic effects of these 2 safe supplemental products.

关键词： Ruminant Supplementation Probiotics Botanical extracts tropics

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Potential hybrid feedstock for biodiesel production in the tropics

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第3期10卷 329-336页

作者： Solomon GIWA Oludaisi ADEKOMAYA Collins NWAOKOCHA Department of Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Environmental Studies Olabisi Onabanjo UniversityIbogun Campus Ifo 234039 Nigeria

Recently, mixture of different oils at various proportions have been used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The primary aim is to improve fuel properties which are strongly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the individual oil that makes up the feedstock mix. The tropics are renowned for abundant oil-bearing crops of which palm kernel oil （PKO） from palm seed and groundnut oil （GNO） are prominent. This present paper investigated biodiesel production from hybrid oil （HO） of PKO （medium carbon chain and highly saturated oil） and GNO （long carbon chain and highly unsaturated oil） at 50/ 50 （v/v） blending. The principal fatty acids （FAs） in the HO are oleic （35.62%） and lauric acids （24.23%） with 47.80% of saturated FA and 52.26% of unsaturated FA contents. The chemical conversion of the oil to methyl ester （ME） gave 86.56% yield. Fuel properties of hybrid oil methyl ester （the HOME） were determined in accordance with standard test methods and were found to comply with both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The oxidative stability, cetane number and kinematic viscosity （KV） of HOME were observed to be improved when compared with those of GNO methyl ester from single parent oil, which could be accredited to the improved FA composition of the HO. The KV （3.69 minE/s） of HOME obtained in this paper was remarkably low compared with those reported in literature for most biodiesels. This value suggests better flow, atomization, spray and combustion of this fuel. Conclusively, the binary blend of oils can be a viable option to improve the fuel properties ofbiodiesel feedstock coupled with reduced cost.

关键词： groundnut oil palm kernel oil methyl ester,fuel properties tropics fatty acid composition

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Analysis of Differences in Productivity,Profitability and Soil Fertility Between Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems in the tropics and Sub-tropics

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2299-2310页

作者： Te Pas C M Rees R M School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh Carbon Management Centre Scotland's Rural College

Organic farming aims to stimulate soil fertility by avoiding the use of synthetic fertiliser inputs, relying instead on locally available natural resources. It is regarded by many as a sustainable alternative to conventional fanning because it ensures higher biodiversity, restricts environmental pollution, prevents land degradation and is easy to apply for smallholder and subsistence farmers. Although widely practiced and studied in temperate regions, little is known about the potential overall benefits of organic farming in the tropics and subtropics. This paper addresses this gap by undertaking an analysis of the differences between organic and conventional agriculture in the tropics and sub-tropics based on an extensive literature review including 88 papers with 458 data pairs. The comparison is based on three main indicators： yield, gross margin and soil organic carbon （SOC）. The differences between the organic and conventional systems for each of these main indicators is represented by the ratio of the value of the indicator in the organic system divided by the corresponding value in the conventional system. This was initially calculated for each data pair individually, and grouped by a variety of explanatory factors, such as precipitation, human development level, soil texture, crop type, organic input type, time after conversion and certification. The results demonstrate that under organic management, yields were on average 26% higher, gross margins 51% higher and soil organic carbon 53% higher than under conventional management. The highest yield increases in organic cropping systems were achieved in the least developed countries, in arid regions and on coarse soils. For gross margins, certification was the main reason for differences between organic and conventional systems. Certified farmers, mostly located in developed countries, receive significantly higher prices. Furthermore, organic farming in the driest regions results in higher profits than in other regions. Even though soil organic carbon was si

关键词： organic farming conventional fanning tropics subtropics carbon sequestration yield soil quality soil organic carbon

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Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the tropics and its comparison with the western population

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第5期3卷 407-409页

作者： Myla Yacob Edwin Stephen Nupur Bit Mazda Turel David Sadhu Sunil Agarwal Department of Vascular Surgery(General Surgery Unit II) Christian Medical CollegeVellore 632 004Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To identify and compare the existence of similar and other risk factors in the perspective of an Indian population.Methods:It was designed as a case control study and was conducted in the Department of General and Vascular Surgery Unit 2 of Christian Medical College,Vellore,India between the periods July 2003 to June 2005.100 patients with an ABPI< 0.9 and 100 controls were studied.Results:Peripheral arterial disease(PAD) was found to be commoner among males(87%).While atherosclerosis was the commonest aetiology(54%),the incidence of Thromboangiitis Obliterans was also not uncommon(38%).Smoking was the main risk factor in the Indian context(83%) as compared to hypercholesterolemia(60%) in the West. The patients with atherosclerotic PAD were middle-aged and had concomitant diabetes(50%) and hypertension(30%).Conclusions:Peripheral arterial disease occurs in a relatively younger age group in India as compared to their Western counterparts.Thromboangiitis Obliterans was found to be a significant aetiology for arterial occlusive disease,with smoking as the primary risk factor followed by diabetes,hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.

关键词： Peripheral arterial disease Risk factors tropics Western population

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The relative stability of prehistorical geographic environment in China's tropics on the basis of archaeology

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第4期12卷 460-466页

作者： HUANG Zhenguo, ZHANG Weiqiang(Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangzhou 510070, China) Guangzhou Institute of Geography Guangzhou 510070

According to archaeological data from about sixty samples the relative stability of physical and human geographical environment in the tropical zone of China is discussed in this paper. Because of the superior natural environment, sufficient food resources and a sparse population resulting in the absence of social requirement to transform the productive forces, the advancement of economy and society was stagnated during prehistorical period in China's tropics. Compared with northern China, the appearance of ground stone tool stagnated about 3,000 years, the beginning of Bronze Age, about 1,000 years, and the agriculture, 2,500-3,000 years. The no ceramics age continued till the early Neolithic Age and the appearance of colour or white ceramics was 2,000 years later than that in northern China. The life form of migration to gather and to hunt continued till the middle Neolithic Age, and the fixed settlement based on agriculture 1,000-2,000 years stagnated. The clan commune just appeared at the end of the Neolithic Age which was 2,000-3,000 years later than that in northern China.

关键词： prehistorical period tropics China

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