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Molecular spectrum of thalassemia in tropical Hainan Island of southern China:high allele frequency with low health burden

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第12期49卷 1162-1164页

作者： Yanquan Lai Fangchao Tao Yu Zou Min Huang Kaiting Lin Yang Li Weilun Huang Wanjun Zhou Department of Eugenics Hainan Provincial Public Service Center of Prenatal and Postnatal CareHaikouHainan 570203China Department of Medical Genetics School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Department of Clinical Laboratory Hainan Provincial Public Service Center of Prenatal and Postnatal CareHaikouHainan 570203China Danzhou Family Planning Service Center DanzhouHainan 571799China Department of Laboratory Medicine Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China

Thalassemia is the most common monogenetic disorder prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.It is mainly classified into aandβ-thalassemia according to which globin chain is affected(Taher et al.,2018).Thalassemia mutations present significant genetic diversity,which causing absent(a~0 andβ~0)or reduced(a+andβ+)synthesis of globin chains.Consequently,homozygotes or compound heterozygotes of different thalassemia alleles can lead to various clinical phenotypes.

关键词： thalassemia tropical allele

Global intensification of weak tropical cyclones in the past 30 years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 639-640页

作者： Dake CHEN State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519000Chin

The response of tropical cyclones(TCs)to climate change is a hot topic in ocean and atmosphere research.Both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments indicated that the intensity of TCs may increase with global warming(Emanuel,1987;Knutson and Tuleya,2004),which however has not been convincingly validated by presently available observations(Landsea,2005;Pielke,2005).Using a huge amount of global ocean surface drifter data,Wang et al.

关键词： tropical ocean cyclones

World NTD Day 2022 and a new Kigali Declaration to galvanise commitment to end neglected tropical diseases

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第1期11卷 5-7页

作者： Thoko Elphick-Pooley Dirk Engels on behalf of Uniting to Combat NTDs Hove EnglandUK Commugny VaudSwitzerland 不详

The World Health Organization’s first roadmap and the London Declaration on neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)have allowed an unprecedented expansion of interventions to control and eliminate this group of infectious diseases that primarily affects vulnerable or marginalised communities.The 2021-2030 NTD roadmap sustains a further acceleration of interventions but also introduces a broader and more ambitious agenda,calling to be accompanied by a new political declaration.Sponsored by the Government of Rwanda,the Kigali Declaration on neglected tropical diseases will be launched in 2022 to renew and reinvigorate commitments to end NTDs,also in the wake of the current setback caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Starting on World NTD Day 2022,a global campaign"100%Committed"will call on a broad range of stakeholders to sign the declaration and make bold financial and political commitments towards achieving the 2030 roadmap and Sustainable Development Goals'targets for NTDs.

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Kigali Declaration World Health Organization NTD roadmap World NTD Day 100 Committed

Ground–Space–Sky Observing System Experiment during tropical Cyclone Mulan in August 2022

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第2期40卷 194-200页

作者： Pak-wai CHAN Wei HAN Betty MAK Xiaohao QIN Yongzhu LIU Ruoying YIN Jincheng WANG Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina China Meteorological Administration Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre Beijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Forecasting tropical cyclone track and intensity is a great challenge for the meteorological community,and safeguarding the life and property of people living near the coast is an important issue.One major reason for challenging forecasts is the lack of observations over the vast oceans.During tropical cyclone Mulan between 8 and 10 August 2022 over the northern part of the South China Sea,the meteorological authority and research institutes of Chinese mainland collaborated with the meteorological service in Hong Kong on conducting the first-ever ground–space–sky observing system experiment on tropical cyclone Mulan.The enhanced targeted observations collected during the experiment include Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder,round-trip radiosondes,and aircraft-launched dropsondes.This paper describes the campaign,technical details of the meteorological models used,and impact of the additional targeted observation data on the tropical cyclone forecast.Ideally,similar enhanced observation campaigns could be conducted in the future,not only in the northern part of the South China Sea,but also in other ocean basins.

关键词： meteorological cyclone tropical

Chung Un Lee: the trailblazer of tropical medicine in China

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Protein & Cell 2023年第6期14卷 393-397页

作者： Huan Liu Yifan Wei Wanying Gao Hao Cheng University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan 430072China Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Chung Un Lee,(李宗恩,1894-1962)was a pioneer of tropical medicine research in China,serving as the president of Guiyang Medical College,the dean of Peking Union Medical College,the vice president of the Chinese Medical Association,a member of the British Medical Association,and the Far Eastem tropical Medical Association(Fig.1)(Lu,1992).Chung Un Lee spent his life in medical education and scientific research,with outstanding achievements in research on flariasis,schistosomiasis,malaria,and kala-azar,confirming the reservoir of filariasis in China,innovating the application of plasmochin to combat malaria,proving that sandflies and dogs are sources of infection in human kalaazar,and making a clinical diagnosis of the early manifestations of kala-azar in China.Chung Un Lee is a distinguished medical scientist and medical educator,one of the founders of Chinese tropical Medicine,who fought for 40 years for the prevention and treatment of tropical diseases in China and conducted pioneering research in Chinese tropical Medicine.

关键词： prevention tropical trail

Strong link between large tropical volcanic eruptions and severe droughts prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas revealed by tree-ring records

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Science Bulletin 2019年第14期64卷 1018-1023页

作者： Eryuan Liang Binod Dawadi Neil Pederson Shilong Piao Haifeng Zhu Shalik Ram Sigdel Deliang Chen Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Central Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA 01366 USA College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 40530 Sweden

Large tropical volcanic eruptions can cause short-term global cooling. However, little is known whether large tropical volcanic eruptions, like the one in Tambora/Indonesia in 1815, cause regional hydroclimatic anomalies. Using a tree-ring network of precisely dated Himalayan birch in the central Himalayas, we reconstructed variations in the regional pre-monsoon precipitation back to 1650 CE. A superposed epoch analysis indicates that the pre-monsoon regional droughts are associated with large tropical volcanic eruptions, appearing to have a strong influence on hydroclimatic conditions in the central Himalayas. In fact, the most severe drought since 1650 CE occurred after the Tambora eruption. These results suggest that dry conditions prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas were associated with explosive tropical volcanism. Prolonged La Ni?a events also correspond with persistent pre-monsoon droughts in the central Himalayas. Our results provide evidence that large tropical volcanic eruptions most likely induced severe droughts prior to monsoon in the central Himalayas.

关键词： Tree ring Drought tropical volcanic eruptions Central Himalayas

The tropical-subtropical evergreen forest transition in East Asia:An exploration

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 255-280页

作者： Peter Ashton Hua Zhu Arnold Arboretum Harvard UniversityRoyal Botanic GardensKewUK Center for Integrative Biology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnanPR China

The transition from tropical to subtropical(warm temperate)evergreen forests is more clearly apparent in East Asia,fromNepal to the western Pacific coast,than elsewhere in the tropics.We review the nature of this transition and hypothesize the physical,ultimately climatic,factors thatmay maintain it,with a special focus on how the increasing instability and warming of climates will affect these forests.A primary climatic mediator of the transition is proposed,thereby offering a testable hypothesis for the climateeforest transition relationship.What is known of this transition is summarized in context of the primary climatic mediators of elevational zonation of forest formations in equatorial Asia to the tree line,in the Himalaya at the India-Indo-Burma northern tropical margin,and as both elevational and latitudinal zonation in southern China.Consequent secondary edaphic and other physical changes are described for the Himalaya,and hypothesized for southern China.The forest ecotones are seen to be primarily defined by tree floristic change,on which account changes in structure and physiognomy are determined.The montane tropical-subtropical transition in the Himalaya is narrowand observed to correlate with an as yet ill-defined frost line.A distinct tropical-subtropical transition forest is recognized in the southwest Chinamountains.There is a total change in canopy species at the Himalayan ecotone,but subcanopy tropical species persist along an elevational decline of c.400 m.The latitudinal transition in South China is analogous,but here the tropical subcanopy component extends north over ten degrees latitude,albeit in decline.The tropical-subtropical transition is uniquely clear in East Asia because here alone a tropical wet summer-dry winter monsoon extends to 35north latitude,encompassing the subtropical evergreen forest,whereas subtropical evergreen forests elsewhere exist under drier temperate summer climate regimes.

关键词： tropical Subtropical Forest transition Ecotone East Asia

tropical cyclone track prediction using a large-area WRF model at the Hong Kong Observatory

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tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2020年第1期9卷 67-74页

作者： Kai-Kwong Hon Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina

tropical cyclone(TC)track predictions of the 10-km resolution WRF(provisionally named"AAMC-WRF")of the Hong Kong Observatory(HKO),spanning(20°S-60°N,45°E-160°E)is studied for a 1-year period from April 2018 to Mar 2019.Real-time predictions,up to 4 times a day and T+48 h ahead,are verified against operational analysis positions of HKO for storms over the South China Sea(SCS)and Western North Pacific(WNP);and of the New Delhi Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre(RSMC)for storms over the North Indian Ocean basin(NIO;including the Bay of Bengal).Out of 21 named TCs over SCS and WNP,mean positional errors of the AAMC-WRF are 33 km(T+0),63 km(T+24),and 107 km(T+48)based on 209,178 and 142 forecasts.The AAMC-WRF outperformed Meso-NHM,also run in real-time at HKO,with mean error reduction up to 34 km or 24%.Mean positional errors for 13 NIO storms are 38 km(T+0),69 km(T+24)and 107 km(T+48)based on 183,131 and 85 forecasts.This is the first study in which TC predictions of a regional model are simultaneously examined over the SCS,WNP and NIO basins through real-time experiments.

关键词： red storm SCS tropical cyclone track prediction using a large-area WRF model at the Hong Kong Observatory WRF

Strong intraspecific trait variation in a tropical dominant tree species along an elevational gradient

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Plant Diversity 2020年第1期42卷 1-6页

作者： Wumei Xu Kyle W.Tomlinson Jie Li Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group Center for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Community Ecology and Conservation Group Center for Integrative ConservationXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303China

Functional trait variation of plant species includes both inter-and intraspecific variation;however,traitbased plant ecology generally considers only interspecific variation while ignoring intraspecific variation.One reason for this neglect is that intraspecific variation may be negligible when compared to interspecific variation;however,direct comparisons between inter-and intraspecific variation of plant species are lacking,especially in tropical forests.Here we investigated intraspecific leaf trait variation(leaf area,specific leaf area,leaf thickness,leaf density,leaf chlorophyll content) of Pittosporopsis kerrii Craib(Icacinaceae),the most abundant tree species in the Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest in southwestern China,along an elevational gradient(703-824 m).We found a substantial range of intraspecific variation in P.kerrii that was never less than 22.1% of range of the interspecific variation among 462 tree species reported before in the same community.Moreover,with increased elevation,both leaf thickness and density increased and specific leaf area decreased significantly.It could be more important for the individuals of P.kerrii to produce thicker and denser leaves to tolerate environmental stress(e.g,soil water availability) rather than having high growth rates at the places with higher elevation in the Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest.

关键词： Functional traits Intraspecific variation Trade-off tropical seasonal rainforest Xishuangbanna