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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 345-357页

作者： Melissa Carew Bryant Gagliardi Ary A. Hoffmann Victorian Centre of Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management Bio21 Institute The Department of Zoology The University ofMelbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Austrafia

Parthenogenesis is common among invasive pest species, with many partheno- genetic species also showing polyploidy. Parthenogenetic polyploid species often have multiple hybrid origins and the potential to rapidly spread over vast geographical ar- eas. In this study, we examine patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite variation in a widespread triploid parthenogenetic chironomid pest species, Paratanytarsus grimmii. Based on samples from five countries, including Australia, England, Germany, Japan, and Canada, we found extremely low mitochondrial diversity （〈0.14%）, with most individuals sharing a common and widespread haplotype. In contrast, microsatellite diversity revealed 41 clonal variants, which were regionally endemic. These findings suggest a single invasive maternal lineage ofP grimmii is likely to have recently spread over a broad geographical range. High levels of genotypic endemism suggest P grimmii populations have remained relatively isolated after an initial spread, with little ongoing migration. This, in part, can be attributed to rapid genetic differentiation via mutations of common clonal genotypes after P. grimmii spread, but multiple polyploidization and subsequent founder events are also likely to be contributing factors.

关键词： invasive microsatellites mitochondrial Paratanytarsus grimmii parthenogenesis triploid

Diverse transcriptional patterns of homoeologous recombinant transcripts in triploid fish(Cyprinidae)

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第9期64卷 1491-1501页

作者： Li Ren Xueyin Zhang Jiaming Li Xiaojing Yan Xin Gao Jialin Cui Chenchen Tang Shaojun Liu State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

Homoeologous recombination(HR),the exchange of homoeologous chromosomes,contributes to subgenome adaptation to diverse environments by producing various ***,the potential relevance of HR and innate immunity is rarely described in triploid cyprinid fish *** our study,two allotriploid genotypes(R_(2)C and RC_(2)),whose innate immunity was stronger than their inbred parents(Carassius auratus red *** Cyprinus carpio L.),were obtained from backcrossing between male allotetraploids of *** red var.×*** *** females of their two inbred parents,*** work detected 140 HRs shared between the two triploids at the genomic ***,transcriptions of 54 homoeologous recombinant genes(HRGs)in R_(2)C and 65 HRGs in RC_(2) were detected using both Illumina and PacBio ***,by comparing expressed recombinant reads to total expressed reads in each of the genes,a range of 0.1%-10% was observed in most of the 99-193 HRGs,of which six recombinant genes were classified as"response to stimulus".These results not only provide a novel way to predict HRs in allopolyploids based on cross prediction at both genomic and transcriptional levels,but also insight into the potential relationship between HRs related to innate immunity and adaptation of the triploids and allotetraploids.

关键词： homoeologous recombination recombinant transcripts triploid innate immunity

Abnormal meiosis in fertile and sterile triploid cyprinid fish

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第11期64卷 1917-1928页

作者： Chun Zhang Qi Li La Zhu Wangchao He Conghui Yang Hui Zhang Yu Sun Luojing Zhou Yuandong Sun Shurun Zhu Chang Wu Min Tao Yi Zhou Rurong Zhao Chenchen Tang Shaojun Liu State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish College of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China School of Life Sciences Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan 411201China

Meiosis is the key process for producing mature gametes. A natural fertile triploid Carassius auratus population(3nDTCC) and an artificially derived sterile triploid crucian carp(3nCC) have been previously observed, providing suitable model organisms for investigating meiosis characteristics in triploid fish. In the present study, the microstructures and ultrastructures of spermatogenesis were studied in these fishes. Td T-mediated d UTP nick end labeling detection was performed to investigate the apoptosis of spermatocytes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was employed to trace chromatin pairing. In addition, the m RNA expressions of cell cycle-related genes(i.e., cell division control 2 and cell cycle protein B) were determined by quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction to illustrate the molecular mechanism of abnormal meiosis in the 3nCC. The results showed that the 3nCC undergoes an irregular prophase I, with the chromosomes distributed in a unipolar radial manner and exhibiting partial pairing, hindered metaphase I, and degenerated cells in the subsequent stages. Meanwhile, the 3nDTCC presented a relatively regular meiotic prophase I with complete conjugate chromosome pairs and chromosomes distributed along the karyotheca,which were presented as a ring structure by slicing. Only the spreads with 130–150 irregular chromosomes can be easily detected in the 3nDTCC, suggesting that it may undergo an abnormal metaphase I. This study provides new insights into the meiosis of fertile and sterile triploid cyprinid fish.

关键词： triploid meiotic configuration partial pairing telomere degenerated cells

Comparison of diploid and triploid Carassius auratus provides insights into adaptation to environmental change

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第11期61卷 1407-1419页

作者： Li Ren Xin Gao Conghui Yang Hui Tan Jialin Cui Shi Wang Wuhui Li Chun Zhang Min Tao Qinbo Qin Shaojun Liu State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish Hunan Normal University College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal University

Focusing on adaptation of aquatic organisms, especially fish, can help elucidate complex dynamics in freshwater ecology. The differences in genetic and epigenetic regulation between diploid and triploid Carassius auratus affect survival under eutrophication. To identify the underlying mechanisms that lead to better adaption of triploids than diploids, we compared mRNA and microRNA(miRNA) expressions in liver tissue of diploid and triploid individuals obtained from the Dongting lake water system in central China. Differential expression analysis revealed that 566 transcripts were significantly up-regulated, whereas758 were down-regulated in triploids; of these differentially expressed transcripts, 33 transcripts including cacna1 d, nfkb2, hspa1 and fgfr4 were involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, and eight transcripts were determined to be regulated by seven miRNAs. Additionally, four of 25 differential expressed(DE) transcripts(mhc1, irf7, nfkb2 and pik3 c) involving the viral carcinogenesis pathway were regulated by four miRNAs. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms analysis showed that more heterozygous mutations were detected in triploids than diploids. The d N/d S results revealed that 21 genes were under positive selection(d N/d S>1) in C. auratus complex. We hypothesize that these changes related to genetic and epigenetic regulation may be caused by abiotic stresses, and facilitate adaptation to environmental changes.

关键词： triploid adapting positive selection differential expression

Seasonal Variation of the Glycogen Enzyme Activity in Diploid and triploid Pacific Oyster Gonad During Sexual Maturation

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2007年第4期6卷 383-386页

作者： KONG Lingfeng WANG Zhaoping YU Ruihai LI Qi WANG Rucai College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China

The glycogen content and the activities of two key enzymes in glycogen metabolism, glycogen phosphorylase and gly- cogen synthetase, in the gonad of diploid and triploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were compared during maturation. The glycogen content in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 85.7%), but the glycogen content in the gonad of trip- loids did not vary significantly. Activity of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the gonad of diploids decreased with gametogenesis (by 55.5%), while GP activity of triploids did not vary significantly during maturation. Activity of glycogen synthetase (GS) in the gonad of diploids increased slightly with gametogenesis, reaching a peak in June. Activity of GS declined sharply from June to July, which might be due to gonad spawning. GS activity of triploid oysters in spawning time (July and August) was significantly higher than that in other months, which might be explained with a ‘compensating’ mechanism for the higher glycogen content in triploids.

关键词： Pacific oyster diploid triploid glycogen metabolism gametogenesis

Biological characteristics of an improved triploid crucian carp

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 733-738页

作者： CHEN Song,WANG Jing,LIU ShaoJun,QIN QinBo,XIAO Jun,DUAN Wei,LUO KaiKun,LIU JinHui & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China,College of Life Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China

An improved triploid crucian carp(ITCC) was produced by crossing improved tetraploids(G1×AT,) with improved red crucian carp(IRCC,),which were obtained by distant crossing and *** biological characteristics of ITCC,including the number and karyotype of chromosomes,gonadad and pituitary structures,phenotype,and growth rate are *** possessed 150 chromosomes with the karyotype 33m+51sm+33st+*** the breeding season,both ovary-like and testis-like gonads of ITCC were unable to produce normal mature *** ultrastructure of the pituitary of ITCC showed that most of the endocrine granules in gonadotrophic hormone(GTH) cells had not been released,providing endocrinological evidence for the sterility of *** with triploid crucian carp(TCC) produced by mating Japanese crucian carp with allotetraploid hybrids,ITCC not only retained the excellent traits of fast growth rate and sterility,but also acquired improved morphological characteristics,including higher body,shorter tail and smaller head.

关键词： improved triploid crucian carp chromosome gonad pituitary improved characteristics

MEIOTIC CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN FEMALE INTERSEXES OF ARTIFICIAL triploid TRANSPARENT-COLORED CRUCIAN CARP

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Science China Chemistry 1991年第11期34卷 1341-1353页

作者：桂建芳梁绍昌蒋一珪 Institute of Hydrobiology Academia Sinica Wuhan 430072 PRC

Chromosome behavior in meiosis was studied by ail-drying, C-banding and surface-spreading methods in female intersexes of artificial triploid transparent-colored crucian carp (Corassius auratus). Chromosome pairing and contraction were obviously asynchronous. The preferential pairing of two homologous chromosomes was the major pattern of chromosome pairing, and a few triple pairing, repeated pairing, telomere or centromere associating and multiple pairing were also observed in the pachytene cells. The metaphase I cells were main-ly composed of univalents, bivalents and trivalents, as well as a few of other multivalents, such as tetravalents, pentavalents, hexavalents and heptavalents, were also found in some metaphase I cells. The chromosome elements including uni-, bi-, tri- and other multivalents varied considerably among the metaphase I cells, and the associating patterns of multivalents were also diverse. Some 6 n and 12 n cells, in which premeiotic endomitosis occurred once or twice, were found at the prophase and first metaphase of meiosis, and the pairing and associating patterns were basically similar to that of the triploid cells.

关键词： artificial triploid fish female intersex meiosis endomitosig chromosome pairing.

Diverse transcriptional patterns of homoeologous recombinant transcripts in triploid fish(Cyprinidae)

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Science China Life Sciences 2021年

作者： LiRen XueyinZhang JiamingLi XiaojingYan XinGao JialinCui ChenchenTang ShaojunLiu StateKeyLaboratoryofDevelopmentalBiologyofFreshwaterFish HunanNormalUniversity CollegeofLifeSciences HunanNormalUniversity

Homoeologous recombination（HR）, the exchange of homoeologous chromosomes, contributes to subgenome adaptation to diverse environments by producing various phenotypes. However, the potential relevance of HR and innate immunity is rarely described in triploid cyprinid fish species. In our study, two allotriploid genotypes（R2C and RC2）, whose innate immunity was stronger than their inbred parents（Carassius auratus red var. and Cyprinus carpio L.）, were obtained from backcrossing between male allotetraploids of C. auratus red var.×C. carpio L. and females of their two inbred parents, respectively. The work detected140 HRs shared between the two triploids at the genomic level. Further, transcriptions of 54 homoeologous recombinant genes（HRGs） in R2C and 65 HRGs in RC2were detected using both Illumina and PacBio data. Finally, by comparing expressed recombinant reads to total expressed reads in each of the genes, a range of 0.1%–10% was observed in most of the 99–193 HRGs,of which six recombinant genes were classified as “response to stimulus”. These results not only provide a novel way to predict HRs in allopolyploids based on cross prediction at both genomic and transcriptional levels, but also insight into the potential relationship between HRs related to innate immunity and adaptation of the triploids and allotetraploids.

关键词： homoeologous recombination recombinant transcripts triploid innate immunity

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CHROMOSOMES OF INDUCED triploid IN THE RED SEA BREAM, PAGROSOMUS MAJOR

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2000年第2期18卷 190-192页

作者：刘静尤锋 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China

triploidy red sea bream were induced by cold shock techniques (0 3℃) in Qingdao in April 1994, May 1995 and May 1996. Normal diploidy and triploidy chromosome metaphases were produced by chromosome spreads from the gastrula. Counts of 104 chromosome metaphases of normal diploid showed each of them consisted of 2 acrocentric (st) and 46 telocentric (t) chromosomes. Based on the relative lengths and arm ratios, the 48 chromosomes were matched into 24 pairs. Counts of 107 chromosome metaphases of induced triploid showed that each metaphase consisted of 3 acrocentric (st) and 69 telocentric (t) chromosomes. The 72 chromosomes were easily matched into three sets of chromosomes, based on the relative lengths and arm ratios.

关键词： diploid triploid cold shock chromosome Pagrosomus major

triploid Wild Rice (BKK) Strain Found in Bangkok Originated from Hybridizations among Three Parental <i>Oryza</i>Species

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第1期13卷 36-49页

作者： So Makabe Htet Aung Htut Hiroko Takahashi Sayaka Shida Masahiro Akimoto Hathairat Urairong Ryuji Ishikawa Tadashi Sato Yo-Ichiro Sato Ikuo Nakamura BEX Co Ltd. Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Horticulture Chiba University Matsudo Japan Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro Japan Biotechnology Research and Development Office DOA Thanyaburi Thailand Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Hirosaki Japan Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan

A wild rice (BKK) strain showing sterile spikelet and big leaves inhabited at the basin of the Chao Phraya river of Bangkok city, Thailand. The BKK strain was found as a natural triploid and thus its origin has been interested long time. Three different-sized fragments were amplified in RNA polymerase I largest subunit (PolA1) gene, which is a single-copy nuclear gene per haploid genome. Short type (0.14 kb) intron 20 sequence of BKK strain was identical to that of O. rufipogon and O. sativa. Phylogenetic analysis showed that long type (1.5 kb and 1.8 kb) intron 20 sequences of BKK strain were closely related to that of O. longistaminata and O. officinalis, respectively. We analyzed protein tag (Ptag) sequence encoded by exons 19 to 21 of PolA1 gene. Determined three Ptag sequences of BKK strain were identical to that of O. rufipogon, O. longistaminata, and O. officinalis, respectively. Relative DNA content of nuclei in O. officinalis and BKK strain was 1.5 and 1.75 times than that in O. sativa, respectively. And BKK strain contained CentO-C1 repeats, which were unique to O. officinalis. These results indicated that BKK strain comprised three genomes of O. rufipogon, O. longistaminata, and O. officinalis.

关键词： Oryza rufipogon triploid Flow Cytometry PolA1 CentO-C1 Repeat Sequence