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tree growth performance and estimation of wood quality in plantation trials for Maesopsis eminii and Shorea spp.

Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第4期29卷 1144-1153页

作者： Lina Karlinasari Suhada Andini Descarlo Worabai Prijanto Pamungkas Sri Wilarso Budi Iskandar Z.Siregar Department of Forest Products Faculty of ForestryBogor Agricultural University(IPB) Alumnus Department of Silviculture Faculty of ForestryBogor Agricultural University(IPB) Department of Silviculture Faculty of ForestryBogor Agricultural University(IPB)

Plantations of tropical species axe becoming an increasingly important source of wood. However, it is important that research trials focus not only on tree growth performance, but also on wood quality. The aims of this study were to assess the growth performance of six commercially and ecologically important tree species from separate plantation trials in Indonesia and to determine the relationships between tree growth and wood quality in terms of the dynamic modulus of elasticity （MOE） and wood density. Forty-eight 7-year Maesopsis eminii Engl. and thirty-five 9-year specimens （7 each of 5 Shorea spp.） were selected from two trials. The MOE, based on acoustic velocity, was indirectly measured to evaluate wood stiffness. tree-growth performance was evaluated, and correlations between growth traits and acoustic velocity as well as density and wood stiffness properties were estimated. The growth performance of M. eminii in terms of tree volume was significantly different in three different cate- gories of growth （i.e. fast, medium, slow）. Of the five Shorea spp. studied, Shorea leprosula Miq. had the highest growth rate, as expected since it is known to be a fastgrowing Shorea species. Indirect measurement of wood quality by means of non-destructive ultrasonic methods showed a weak negative correlation between tree volume and acoustic velocity and dynamic MOE. Although each fast-growing tree could reach a merchantable size faster than other varieties or species, wood traits of various species tested were not significantly different based on tree growth rate performance. The findings from this study could be used to improve selection criteria in future breeding trials; indirect measurements of the dynamic modulus of elasticity can be used in mass pre-selection of genetic materials, to choose the most-promising material for in-depth evaluation.

关键词： Dynamic MOE Non-destructive test Selection criteria tree growth Wood quality Maesopsiseminii Shorea spp

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Quantifying individual tree growth and tree competition using bi-temporal airborne laser scanning data:a case study in the Sierra Nevada Mountains,California

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第5期11卷 485-503页

作者： Qin Ma Yanjun Su Shengli Tao Qinghua Guo School of Engineering Sierra Nevada Research InstituteUniversity of California at MercedMercedCAUSA State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of BotanyBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China

Improved monitoring and understanding of tree growth and its responses to controlling factors are important for tree growth *** Laser Scanning(ALS)can be used to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of large-scale forest surveys in delineating three-dimensional forest structures and under-canopy *** study proposed an ALSbased framework to quantify tree growth and ***-temporal ALS data were used to quantify tree growth in height(ΔH),crown area(ΔA),crown volume(ΔV),and tree competition for 114,000 individual trees in two conifer-dominant Sierra Nevada *** analyzed the correlations between tree growth attributes and controlling factors(*** sizes,competition,forest structure,and topographic parameters)at multiple *** the individual tree level,ΔH had no consistent correlations with controlling factors,ΔA andΔV were positively related to original tree sizes(R>0.3)and negatively related to competition indices(R0.7),ΔV was positively related to original tree sizes(|R|>0.8).Multivariate regression models were simulated at individual tree level forΔH,ΔA,andΔV with the R2 ranged from 0.1 to *** ALS-based tree height estimation and growth analysis results were consistent with field measurements.

关键词： Airborne Laser Scanning change detection tree growth tree competition Sierra Nevada

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Removing harvest residues from hardwood stands affects tree growth, wood density and stem wood nutrient concentration in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus spp.)

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 147-159页

作者： Sanjoy Roy Jean-Michel Leban Bernhard Zeller Gregory van der Heijden Arnaud Reichard Marie-Christine Gehin Philippe Santenoise Laurent Saint-Andre INRAE BEFF-54000 NancyFrance IGN Laboratoire de l’Inventaire ForestierNancyF-54000France Universite de Lorraine AgroParisTechINRAESILVAF-54000 NancyFrance

Background:Higher exportation of harvest residues from forests due to increased demand for woody biomass,has reportedly diminished soil mineral resources and may lead to degraded tree nutrition as well as ***,as nutrients become less available in the soil,the remobilization of nutrients in biomass tissues(plant internal cycling)helps sustain tree *** study aims to quantify the impact of Removing Harvest Residues and Litter(RHRL)during five years on tree growth,wood density,and stem wood nutrient concentrations in young beech and oak forest ***:Our study found that,RHRL significantly decreased tree growth ring width by 14%,and wood density by 3%,in beech trees,in near bark *** also significantly reduced nutrient concentration in near bark and near pith areas of both studied ***,Na and S were found lower by 44%,76%,and 56%,respectively,in near bark area of beech *** near bark area of oak trees,K,Ca,Mg,Na,S,and Fe were lower by 20%,25%,41%,48%,41%,and 16%,respectively.K and Mg concentrations decreased more strongly in near pith area compared to near bark area suggesting internal translocation of these two ***:In beech trees,wood density proved to be an important factor while quantifying the effect of removing harvest residuals on tree growth and *** nutrient loss intensified the remobilization of nutrients con-tained in older tree rings(close to the pith)towards newly formed rings(close to bark).In our study,in beech trees,K was found to be the most recycled major *** results demonstrate the potential of such analysis for providing valuable insight into the effect of RHRL in premature stands on the physiological adaptive strategies of trees and an indication of soil fertility status.

关键词： Harvest residues Fagus sylvatica Quercus petraea Dendroecology Dendrochemistry Radial growth Wood density tree growth Ring width Translocation

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Intra-and inter-clonal tree growth variations of Hevea brasiliensis

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第3期23卷 429-434页

作者： H.R.Naji M.H.Sahri Department of Forest Production Faculty of ForestryUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor43400Malaysia Department of Forestry Faculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlam69315-516Iran

We evaluated the effects of planting densities （500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 ***-1） on tree growth performance （diameter at base, diameter at breast height, and clear bole height） of two clones （RRIM 2020 and PRIM 2025） of nine years old plantations of rubber tree （Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg） in Malaysia. For the four planting densities of the two clones, basal area and diameter at breast height declined with increasing planting density. Clear bole heights were greatest at 1,500 *** lowest at 500 ***-1 for the clone RRIM 2020, and at 2,000 ***-1and 500 *** clone RRIM 2025. We conclude that the ideal planting density is 2,000 ***＂l for obtaining high volume of wood production and 500 trees-ha-1 for high wood quality.

关键词： clone planting density tree growth Hevea brasiliensis

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Change Point Analysis to Detect the Effect of Pruning Severity on tree growth

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 67-73页

作者： Yutaka Iguchi Laboratory of Biology Okaya Japan

The effect of pruning severity on tree growth was analyzed by change point detection using segmented regression. The present study applied this analysis to a well-known published data set including diameter growth response, tree age, pruning severity and pretreatment crown size. First, multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of tree age, pruning severity and pretreatment crown size on diameter growth response. Next, segmented regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of pruning severity on diameter growth response. The results of the multiple regression showed that diameter growth response was significantly influenced by pruning severity and pretreatment crown size. The results of the segmented regression showed that in the whole data set, an abrupt change toward a decrease in diameter growth response was detected at 25% of the live crown removed. However, in the group of fully crowned and open-grown, diameter growth response continuously decreased with increasing pruning severity with no significant abrupt change, whereas in the group of 70% - 90% live crown, diameter growth response did not significantly decrease up to the break point (53% crown removed) and then abruptly decreased. This may be the first study to show the numerical evaluation of the effect of pruning severity on tree growth by change point analysis.

关键词： Regression Analysis Crown Removal Limit tree growth Pretreatment Abrupt Change

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Effect of Various Citrus Rootstock-scion Combinations on tree growth,Fruit Quality,and Photosynthetic Characteristics under Red Loam Soil Conditions

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Asian Agricultural Research 2024年第10期16卷 41-49页

作者： Liying GUO Yanjun GUO Wenxia WU Xiaohua LI Haiyan JIANG Ying YUAN Guochan HUANG Qianhua JI Institute of Pomology Zhaoqing UniversityZhaoqing 526361China College of Life Sciences Zhaoqing UniversityZhaoqing 526361China Sihui Science and Technology Demonstration Park Zhaoqing 526061China

[Objectives]To investigate the effects of 15 distinct citrus rootstock-scion combinations on tree growth,fruit quality,and photosynthetic characteristics under red loam soil conditions and provide a theoretical foundation for the selection of appropriate citrus rootstock-scion combinations in the Zhaoqing region.[Methods]A total of 15 citrus rootstock-scion combinations were utilized as test materials for a comprehensive analysis of their phenological periods(budding,flowering,and fruiting),tree growth indicators(tree height,crown diameter,and growth),and fruit quality(appearance quality and intrinsic quality).The photosynthetic characteristics of the test materials,including the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),water use efficiency(WUE),apparent quantum yield(AQY),and carboxylation efficiency(CE),were analyzed to determine their ***,the leaf photosynthetic physiological indicators,such as soluble protein,specific leaf weight,chlorophyll,and carotenoids,were evaluated.[Results]There were notable differences observed in the phenological period,growth potential of trees,fruit quality,and photosynthetic characteristics among various citrus rootstock-scion *** phenological periods exhibited variation contingent on the grafting *** terms of tree growth potential,the Citrus tangerina Tanaka‘Hongju’and *** Hort.‘Suanju’rootstocks demonstrated greater tree height,crown growth,and overall tree strength;however,they were also prone to excessive ***,the *** Osbeck‘Hongningmeng’and ***×***‘Zhicheng’rootstocks displayed medium growth potential,while the Poncirus trifoliate(L)Raf.‘Zhike’rootstock resulted in shorter *** terms of fruit quality,the single fruit weight of *** Hort.‘Shatangju’ranged from 33 to 50 g,exhibiting a flat and round *** total soluble solids and titratable acid content of‘Shatangju’grafted onto the‘Zhike’rootstock were notably *** contr

关键词： Citrus Rootstock-scion tree growth Fruit quality Photosynthetic characteristics

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Decline in tree-ring growth of Picea mongolica and its intra-annual eco-physiological responses to drought and CO_(2) enrichment in semi-arid China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 89-101页

作者： Xiaomin Zeng Ping Ni Xiaohong Liu Wenzhi Wang Yao Li Wenchao Wang School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119People’s Republic of China The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041People’s Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China

Episodes of drought-induced decline in tree growth and mortality are becoming more frequent as a result of climate warming and enhanced water stress in semi-arid ***,the ecophysiological mechanisms under-lying the impact of drought on tree growth remains *** this study,earlywood and latewood tree-ring growth,δ^(13)C,andδ^(18)O chronologies of Picea mongolica from 1900 to 2013 were developed to clarify the intra-and inter-annual tree-ring growth responses to increasingly fre-quent *** results indicate that annual basal area increment residuals(BAI_(res)),which removed tree age and size effects,have significantly decreased since ***-ever,the decreasing trend of earlywood BAI_(res) was higher than that of *** response analysis suggests that the dominant parameters for earlywood and latewood proxies(BAI_(res),δ^(13)C andδ^(18)O)were drought-related climate variables(Palmer drought severity index,temperature,rela-tive humidity,and vapor pressure deficit).The most signifi-cant period of earlywood and latewood proxies’responses to climate variables were focused on June-July and July-August,***_(res),andδ^(13)C were significantly affected by temperature and moisture conditions,whereasδ^(18)O was slightly *** stomatal conduct-ance due to drought outweighed the influence of increasing CO_(2) on intrinsic water use efficiency(iWUE),and ultimately led to a decline in BAI_(res).Compared to latewood,the faster decreasing BAI_(res) and smaller increasing iWUE of early-wood suggested trees were more vulnerable to water stress in the early growing *** study provides insights into the inter-and intra-annual mechanisms of tree-ring growth in semi-arid regions under rising CO_(2) and climate change.

关键词： tree growth Drought Water-use efficiency Seasonal differences Stable isotopes

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Effects of Different Density-reducing Methods on Canopy Microenvironment, tree growth and Fruit Quality in Closed Apple Orchard

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2019年第6期8卷 119-123页

作者： Ru CHEN Xiaomin XUE Laiping WANG Hao ZHAI Peixian NIE Jinzheng WANG Shandong Institute of Pomology

In order to optimize and transform closed mature apple orchards with standard rootstocks and improve the quality of fruit,taking a closed Red Fuji apple orchard as the test object,the effects of different density-reducing methods(deinterlacing,removing every other plant in each row,removing every other plant every other row)on the canopy microenvironment,tree structure,leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality were *** results showed that different density-reducing methods significantly reduced the orchard coverage and increased the crown *** them,the deinterlacing treatment was the best in improving the population structure of the closed orchard,as it reduced the orchard coverage rate by 55.68 percentage points and the canopy transmittance by 82.38 percentage points,compared with the control(CK).Different density-reducing methods all could significantly reduce the branch amount in the closed orchard and optimized the branch *** three density-reducing methods decreased the number of branches per plant by 18.96%,12.41%and 19.58%,respectively,compared with the *** compared with the CK,the proportion of short branches and leafy branches to the total branches was increased by 17.13%,14.27%and 7.37%,respectively,and the proportion of long branches and developmental branches to the total branches was decreased by 24.47%,18.04%and 10.79%,*** effects of the different density-reducing methods on the temperature,relative light intensity,SPAD and leaf photosynthetic rate in canopies all followed an order of deinterlacing>removing every other plant in each row>removing every other plant every other row>CK,while those on the relative humidity showed an order of deinterlacing>removing every other plant in each row>removing every other plant every other row>CK,while those on the relative humidity showed an order of deinterlacing

关键词： Apple Closed orchard Density reduction method Canopy microenvironment tree growth Fruit quality

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Group planting of cherry (Prunus avium L.) fosters growth and tree quality is superior to conventional row planting in Germany

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第4期29卷 1088-1099页

作者： Somidh Saha Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlstr. 11 76133 Karlsruhe Germany Institute of Forest Sciences University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Wild cherry trees produce high-quality timber and provide multiple ecosystem services. However, planting and tending cherry stands in conventional rows are too costly. Therefore, low density group planting was trialled as an alternative to row planting. The mortality, growth, and quality of planted cherry trees were compared between the group and row planting. The influence of neighbourhood competition and light availability on growth and quality was studied. The group and row planting of cherry trees were established at a wind-thrown site in southwestern Germany in the year 2000. In group planting, five cherry seedlings and seven lime seedlings （Tilia cordata Mill.） were planted with a 1 x 1 m spacing. In total, 60 groups were planted per hectare with a 13 × 13 m spacing. In contrast, 3300 seedlings （2475 cherries and 825 limes） were planted per hectare in row planting with a 3 × 1 m spacing. Ten groups and plots （10 × 10 m） were randomly established in group and row planting stand, respectively. The survival rate, stability （height to diameter ratio）, diameter, and height growth were significantly higher in group planting. In the group plantings,40.5% of cherry trees had straight stems and 13.5% had a monopodial crown compared with 15% with straight stems and 2% with a monopodial crown in row planting. The proportion of dominant cherry trees in canopy was 49% in groups compared with 22% in rows. The length of branch free bole was significantly higher in cherries planted in groups than those grown in rows. Intra- and interspecific competition reduced the growth and stability of cherry trees in row planting, but not in group planting. Light availability did not cause any significant effects on growth and quality between group and row planting. This first study on cherry group planting indicates that the survival rate, growth, and tree quality were higher in groups than in rows at this early development stage. The competition by naturally born seedlings was an import

关键词： Group planting tree growth tree quality Interspecific competition Intraspecific competition Photosynthetically active photon flux density Total sitefactor

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tree clusters migration into alpine tundra,Siberia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3426-3440页

作者： KHARUK Viacheslav I. PETROV II'ya A. IM Sergei T. GOLYUKOV Alexey S. DVINSKAYA Maria L. SHUSHPANOV Alexander S. Sukacheu Institute of Forest Federal Scientific CenterRussian Academy of ScienceSiberian BranchAcademgorodok 50/28Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Siberian Federal University Svobodny str.79Krasnoyarsk 660041Russia Reshetneu Siberian State University of Science and Technology Krasnoyarsky rabochy str.31Krasnoyarsk 66014Russia Tomsk State University Leninastr.36Tomsk 634050Russia

We hypothesize that in mountain windy habitat trees formed clusters(hedges)as adaptive structures for seedlings’rooting,survival,and tress’upslope *** studied hedges formed by Siberian pine(Pinus sibirica du Tour)and larch(Larix sibirica Ledeb.)within the treeline ecotone in southern Siberian Mountains,investigated hedges formation,evolution,habitat amelioration,and analyzed tree’s growth index(GI)dependence on the eco-climate variables(air temperature,precipitation,soil moisture,wind speed)and relief features(elevation,aspect,slope steepness,and terrain curvature).We conducted a ground survey,measured biometrical parameters of trees and hedges,determined species composition and tree physiognomy,soil types and nutrient contents,and sampled wood cores and applied dendrochronology for trees’GI *** high-resolution satellite scenes for hedge detection and upslope migration,we found that winter winds and soil moisture are the main constraints of trees’settlement and *** formation always links with wind-sheltered microtopography features(boulders,local depressions or felled trees).Once the first tree is established,a positive feedback is aroused that facilitates seedling rooting and in-hedge habitat *** form a streamlined dense“common crown”that mitigates adverse winter wind *** always orient along the prevailing winds,and trees’uphill migration occurs by seedlings establishment within the leeward hedge *** growth facilitates soil formation and *** concentration of nutrients(K,P,N and S)within hedges exceeds the background by 1.5-5.5 *** extension leads to increased snow accumulation that mitigates the influence of desiccation and snow abrasion and mitigates seasonal water *** the extremely harsh windy habitat,inhedge trees present in mat,prostrate or krummholz *** warming,tree stems and even twigs turn *** that GI dependence on the wind speed is insignificant unt

关键词： treeline Timberline Hedges tree migration Siberian pine Larch tree growth Siberian mountain forests Wind stress Moisture stress

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