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Toxicity evaluation of ZnO and TiO_2 nanomaterials in hydroponic red bean(Vigna angularis) plant:Physiology, biochemistry and kinetic transport

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 140-152页

作者： Shanaz Jahan Yatimah Binti Alias Ahmad Farid Bin Abu Bakar Ismail Bin Yusoff Department of Geology Environmental and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Malaya Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Malaya University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCi L) University of Malaya

The toxicity and kinetic uptake potential of zinc oxide（Zn O） and titanium dioxide（TiO2）nanomaterials into the red bean（Vigna angularis） plant were investigated. The results obtained revealed that Zn O, due to its high dissolution and strong binding capacity, readily accumulated in the root tissues and significantly inhibited the physiological activity of the plant. However, TiO2 had a positive effect on plant physiology, resulting in promoted growth. The results of biochemical experiments implied that Zn O, through the generation of oxidative stress, significantly reduced the chlorophyll content, carotenoids and activity of stress-controlling enzymes. On the contrary, no negative biochemical impact was observed in plants treated with TiO2. For the kinetic uptake and transport study, we designed two exposure systems in which Zn O and TiO2 were exposed to red bean seedlings individually or in a mixture approach. The results showed that in single metal oxide treatments, the uptake and transport increased with increasing exposure period from one week to three weeks.However, in the metal oxide co-exposure treatment, due to complexation and competition among the particles, the uptake and transport were remarkably decreased. This suggested that the kinetic transport pattern of the metal oxide mixtures varied compared to those of its individual constituents.

关键词： Metal oxides Physiological impacts Biochemical impacts Uptake kinetics translocation Growth inhibition

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From gene editing to genome engineering: restructuring plant chromosomes via CRISPR/Cas

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aBIOTECH 2020年第1期1卷 21-31页

作者： Carla Schmidt Patrick Schindele Holger Puchta Botanical Institute Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyPOB 698076133 KarlsruheGermany

In the last years,tremendous progress has been achieved in the field of gene editing in plants.By the induction of single site-specific double-strand breaks(DSBs),the knockout of genes by non-homologous end joining has become routine in many plant species.Recently,the efficiency of inducing pre-planned mutations by homologous recombination has also been improved considerably.However,very little effort has been undertaken until now to achieve more complex changes in plant genomes by the simultaneous induction of several DSBs.Several reports have been published on the efficient induction of deletions.However,the induction of intrachromosomal inversions and interchromosomal recombination by the use of CRISPR/Cas has only recently been reported.In this review,we want to sum up these results and put them into context with regards to what is known about natural chromosome rearrangements in plants.Moreover,we review the recent progress in CRISPR/Cas-based mammalian chromosomal rearrangements,which might be inspiring for plant biologists.In the long run,the controlled restructuring of plant genomes should enable us to link or break linkage of traits at will,thus defining a new area of plant breeding.

关键词： Chromosomal rearrangements CRISPR/Cas Genome engineering Inversion translocation

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Dynamic regulation of innate lymphoid cells in the mucosal immune system

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第6期18卷 1387-1394页

作者： Fei Shao Dou Yu Pengyan Xia Shuo Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Division of Life Sciences of Medicine University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesNHC Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyPeking UniversityBeijingChina

The mucosal immune system is considered a local immune system,a term that implies regional restriction.Mucosal tissues are continually exposed to a wide range of antigens.The regulation of mucosal immune cells is tightly associated with the progression of mucosal diseases.Innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)are abundant in mucosal barriers and serve as first-line defenses against pathogens.The subtype changes and translocation of ILCs are accompanied by the pathologic processes of mucosal diseases.Here,we review the plasticity and circulation of ILCs in the mucosal immune system under physiological and pathological conditions.We also discuss the signaling pathways involved in dynamic ILC changes and the related targets in mucosal diseases.

关键词： ILCs transdifferentiation translocation dynamic regulation mucosal immune system

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Emerging molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblasti

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Frontiers of Medicine 2021年第3期15卷 347-371页

作者： Jianfeng Li Yuting Dai Liang Wu Ming Zhang Wen Ouyang Jinyan Huang Saijuan Chen Shanghai Institute of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational Medicine at ShanghaiRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique Laboratory of Molecular PathologyRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia(BCP-ALL)is characterized by genetic alterations with high heterogeneity.Precise subtypes with distinct genomic and/or gene expression patterns have been recently revealed using high-throughput sequencing technology.Most of these profiles are associated with recurrent non-overlapping rearrangements or hotspot point mutations that are analogous to the established subtypes,such as DUX4 rearrangements,MEF2D rearrangements,ZNF384/ZNF362 rearrangements,NUTM1 rearrangements,BCL2/MYC and/or BCL6 rearrangements,ETV6-RUNX1-like gene expression,PAX5alt(diverse PAX5 alterations,including rearrangements,intragenic amplifications,or mutations),and hotspot mutations PAX5(p.Pro80Arg)with biallelic PAX5 alterations,IKZF1(p.Asn159Tyr),and ZEB2(p.His1038Arg).These molecular subtypes could be classified by gene expression patterns with RNA-seq technology.Refined molecular classification greatly improved the treatment strategy.Multiagent therapy regimens,including target inhibitors(e.g.,imatinib),immunomodulators,monoclonal antibodies,and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapy,are transforming the clinical practice from chemotherapy drugs to personalized medicine in the field of risk-directed disease management.We provide an update on our knowledge of emerging molecular subtypes and therapeutic targets in BCP-ALL.

关键词： BCP-ALL subtypes translocation aneuploidy sequence mutations

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The Arabidopsis phosphatase PP2C49 negatively regulates salt tolerance through inhibition of At HKT1;1

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第3期63卷 528-542页

作者： Moli Chu Pengwang Chen Sufang Meng Peng Xu Wenzhi Lan State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Type 2C protein phosphatases(PP2Cs)are the largest protein phosphatase family.PP2Cs dephosphorylate substrates for signaling in Arabidopsis,but the functions of most PP2 Cs remain unknown.Here,we characterized PP2 C49(AT3G62260,a Group G PP2C),which regulates Na^(+)distribution under salt stress and is localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus.PP2C49 was highly expressed in root vascular tissues and its disruption enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress.Compared with wild type,the pp2c49 mutant contained more Na^(+)in roots but less Na^(+)in shoots and xylem sap,suggesting that PP2C49 regulates shoot Na^(+)extrusion.Reciprocal grafting revealed a root-based mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of pp2 c49.Systemic Na+distribution largely depends on AtHKT1;1 and loss of function of AtHKT1;1 in the pp2c49 background overrode the salt tolerance of pp2c49,resulting in salt sensitivity.Furthermore,compared with plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the wild-type background,plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the athtk1;1 mutant background were sensitive to salt,like the athtk1;1 mutants.Moreover,protein-protein interaction and two-voltage clamping assays demonstrated that PP2C49 physically interacts with AtHKT1;1 and inhibits the Na^(+)permeability of AtHKT1;1.This study reveals that PP2C49 negatively regulates AtHKT1;1 activity and thus determines systemic Na^(+)allocation during salt stress.

关键词： Arabidopsis At HKT1,1 Na+distribution translocation PP2C PP2C49 salt stress

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Probiotics and gut health:A special focus on liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第4期16卷 403-410页

作者： Silvia Wilson Gratz Hannu Mykkanen Hani S El-Nezami Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health University of Aberdeen Greenburn Road Aberdeen AB21 9SNUnited Kingdom School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of KuopioPO Box 162770211 KuopioFinland Food and Health Research Centre University of KuopioPO Box 162770211 KuopioFinland School of Biological Sciences University of Hong KongS5-13 Kadoorie Biological Sciences BuildingPokfulamHong KongChina

Probiotic bacteria have well-established beneficial ef-fects in the management of diarrhoeal diseases.Newer evidence suggests that probiotics have the potential to reduce the risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal bacterial overgrowth after gut surgery.In liver health,the main benefits of probiotics might occur through preventing the production and/or uptake of lipopolysaccharides in the gut,and therefore reducing levels of low-grade inflammation.Specific immune stimulation by probiotics through processes involving dendritic cells might also be beneficial to the host immunological status and help prevent pathogen translocation.Hepatic fat metabolism also seems to be influenced by the presence of commensal bacteria,and potentially by probiotics;although the mechanisms by which probiotic might act on the liver are still unclear.However,this might be of major importance in the fu-ture because low-grade inflammation,hepatic fat infil-tration,and hepatitis might become more prevalent as a result of high fat intake and the increased prevalence of obesity.

关键词： Probiotics Liver Gut Endotoxin Barrier function Ethanol Bacterial overgrowth translocation

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Habitat suitability and herbivores determine reintroduction success of an endangered legume

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 109-117页

作者： Matthew A.Albrecht Quinn G.Long Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden Shaw Nature Reserve Missouri Botanical Garden

Reintroductions of rare plants require detailed knowledge of habitat requirements, species interactions,and restoration techniques. Thus, incremental experimentation over many years may be required to develop adequate knowledge and techniques for successful reintroduction. To determine drivers of extinction in historical reintroductions of a federally endangered perennial(Astragalus bibullatus), we developed a reintroduction experiment to disentangle the relative importance of habitat quality, herbivores, and restoration technique on reintroduction success. In a factorial design, we manipulated access to vertebrate herbivores across different habitat types(mesic ecotone vs. xeric barren), and used founder populations comprised of more transplants and genetic sources than previous reintroduction attempts.In mesic ecotones where historical reintroductions failed, excluding herbivores, thinning woody encroachment to improve habitat quality, outplanting across a greater array of microhabitats, and increasing founder population size did not improve demographic rates over previous attempts.Compared to mesic ecotones, transplant survival rates and cumulative fruit production were more than two and ten times greater, respectively, in a xeric barren ecotone characterized by open, grassy, and dry microenvironmental conditions. Across all sites, herbivores decreased probabilities of survival and flowering of larger adult plants. Flowering rates were 80% greater inside relative to outside herbivore exclusion cages. Over a four-year period, only a single uncaged plant produced fruit. Our study demonstrates that habitat quality and vertebrate herbivory are key drivers of long-term persistence in rare plant reintroductions. Using incremental experiments that build on previous knowledge gained from long-term monitoring can improve reintroduction outcomes.

关键词： Astragalus bibullatus translocation Rare plant Conservation Founder size Grassland

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Non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements:the signatures,causes,functions and implications

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第10期11卷 886-898页

作者： Cai Han Lin-Yu Sunf Wen-Tao Wang Yu-Meng Sun Yue-Qin Chen MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation State Key Laboratory for BiocontrolSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Chromosomal translocation leads to the juxtaposition of two otherwise separate DNA loci,which could result in gene fusion.These rearrangements at the DNA level are catastrophic events and often have causal roles in tumorigenesis.The oncogenic DNA messages are transferred to RNA molecules,which are in most cases translated into cancerous fusion proteins.Gene expression programs and signaling pathways are altered in these cytogenetically abnormal contexts.Notably,non-toding RNAs have attracted increasing attention and are believed to be tightly associated with chromosome-rearranged cancers.These RNAs not only function as modulators in downstream pathways but also directly affect chromosomal translocation or the associated products.This review summarizes recent research advances on the relationship between non-coding RNAs and chromosomal translocations and on diverse functions of non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements.

关键词： chromosomal translocation non-coding RNA fusion protein gene regulation non-coding fusion transcript

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Effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide on diacylglyceroI-PKC signaling pathway in rat pulmonary interstitial macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第12期26卷 1497-1504页

作者： Shun-jiang XU~2 Wei-juan GAO Bin CONG~3 Chun-ling MA Shu-jin LI Yi-ling LING Zhen-yong GU Yu-xia YAO Department of Pathophysiology,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050017,China the Hebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Shijiazhuang 050021,China. Department of Pathophysiology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China

Aim:To investigate the effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8)on thediacylglycerol-protein kinase C(DAG-PKC)signaling pathway in rat pulmonaryinterstitial macrophages(PIM)stimulated by lipopolysaccaride(LPS).Methods:The PIM from rat lung tissues were isolated using the collagenase digestionmethod combined with alveolar lavage and pulmonary vessel perfusion.DAGcontent and PKC activity were measured by radioenzymatic assay.The transloca-tion of PKCζ was determined by semi-quantitative immunoblot analysis.Results:CCK-8,at high concentrations(1×10-6-1×10-5mol/L),decreased DAG content andinhibited PKC activity and PKCζ translocation compared with that in rat restingPIM of a control group(Ptranslocation(Ptranslocation signifi-cantly at 1×10-8-1×10-5mol/L(Ptranslocation in aconcentration-dependent manner.The CCK receptor,especially the CCK-Areceptor,might play a major role in this process.

关键词： cholecystokinin protein kinase C translocation lung macrophages lipopolysaccharides

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WBC27,an Adenosine Tri-phosphate-binding Cassette Protein,Controls Pollen Wall Formation and Patterning in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第1期53卷 74-88页

作者： Xiao-Ying Dou Ke-Zhen Yang Yi Zhang Wei Wang Xiao-Lei Liu Li-Qun Chen Xue-Qin Zhang De Ye State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement Ministry of Agriculture Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China

In flowering plants, the exine components are derived from tapetum. Despite its importance to sexual plant reproduction, little is known about the translocation of exine materials from tapetum to developing microspores. Here we report functional characterization of the arabidopsis WBC27 gene. WBC27 encodes an adenosine tri-phosphate binding cassette （ABC） transporter and is expressed preferentially in tapetum. Mutation of WBC27 disrupted the exine formation. The wbc27 mutant microspores began to degenerate once released from tetrads and most of the microspores collapsed at the uninucleate stage. Only a small number of wbc27-1 microspores could develop into tricellular pollen grains. These survival pollen grains lacked exine and germinated in the anther before anthesis. All of these results suggest that the ABC transporter, WBC27 plays important roles in the formation of arabidopsis exine, possibly by translocation of lipidic precursors of sporopollenin from tapetum to developing microspores.

关键词： Flowering Plants Planting Pollen Imports translocation Grain Arabidopsis Transport

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