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Jasmonic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in Arabidopsis via suppression of cadmium uptake and translocation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第2期62卷 218-227页

作者： Gui Jie Lei Li Sun Ying Sun Xiao Fang Zhu Gui Xin Li Shao Jian Zheng State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Jasmonic acid(JA)is thought to be involved in plant responses to cadmium(Cd)stress,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood.Here,we show that Cd treatment rapidly induces the expression of genes promoting endogenous JA synthesis,and subsequently increases the JA concentration in Arabidopsis roots.Furthermore,exogenous methyl jasmonate(MeJA)alleviates Cd-generated chlorosis of new leaves by decreasing the Cd concentration in root cell sap and shoot,and decreasing the expression of the AtIRT1,AtHMA2 and AtHMA4 genes promoting Cd uptake and long-distance translocation,respectively.In contrast,mutation of a key JA synthesis gene,At AOS,greatly enhances the expression of AtIRT1,AtHMA2 and AtHMA4,increases Cd concentration in both roots and shoots,and confers increased sensitivity to Cd.Exogenous Me JA recovers the enhanced Cd-sensitivity of the ataos mutant,but not of atcoi1,a JA receptor mutant.In addition,exogenous Me JA reduces NO levels in Cd-stressed Arabidopsis root tips.Taken together,our results suggest that Cd-induced JA acts via the JA signaling pathway and its effects on NO levels to positively restrict Cd accumulation and alleviates Cd toxicity in Arabidopsis via suppression of the expression of genes promoting Cd uptake and long-distance translocation.

关键词： Jasmonic acid cadmium uptake translocation

Effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on bacterial translocation in burned or septic rats

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第10期132卷 1179-1187页

作者： Zhen-Liang Wen Li-Di Zhang Shao-Ze Liu Jiao Liu Yi-Zhu Chen De-Chang Chen Department of Critical Care Medicine Ruijin Hospital North Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 201801 China Department of Emergency Center the 281 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Qinhuangdao Hebei 066100 China

Background: Antibiotics are frequently used to treat critically ill patients, and its use is often accompanied by intestinal dysbiosis might further lead to bacterial translocation (BT). Nevertheless, studies on the relationship between antibiotic therapy and BT are rare. In the present study, we investigated the effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on BT in an experimental rat model of burn or sepsis injury. Methods: The septic rat model was simulated by a second insult with lipopolysaccharides after burn injury. Ninety-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, burn, and sepsis groups (n = 8 or 9, each group), and the latter two groups were then treated with imipenem or ceftriaxone for 3 or 9 days. The mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and blood were collected at each time point under sterile conditions for quantitative bacterial culture and strain identification. The differences between the groups were compared by Fisher exact test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Only minimal Escherichia coli translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes was observed in the normal control group, in which the BT rate was 12.5%. Burn injury did not affect the BT rate (Burn group vs. Control group, 12.5% vs. 12.5%, P = 1.000), whereas the BT rate showed an increased trend after the second insult with lipopolysaccharide (Sepsis group us. Control group, 44.4% 12.5%, P = 0.294), and many strains of Enterobacteria spp. were detected in distant organs (liver, lung, and blood)[Sepsis group vs. Control group, 0 (0,3) us. 0 (0,0), U = 20, P = 0.045]. After the antibiotic treatment, BT to the distant organs was increased in burned rats [Burn IT3 group us. Burn group, 0 (0,2) vs. 0 (0,0);Burn IT9 group vs. Burn group, 0 (0,1) vs. 0 (0,0);Burn CT9 group Burn group, 0 (0,2) vs. 0 (0,0);all U = 20 and P = 0.076] but decreased in septic rats [Sepsis CT3 group vs. Sepsis group, 0 (0,0) vs. 0 (0,3), U = 20, P = 0.045]. The total amount of translocated bacteria, regardless of which antibiotic was used, was increased in bu

关键词： Antibiotic Bacterial translocation Enterococci Enterobacteria Sepsis

Characterization of ^(68)Zn uptake,translocation,and accumulation into developing grains and young leaves of high Zn-density rice genotype

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第5期12卷 408-418页

作者： Md.Jahidul Islam SHOHAG MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang University

Zinc(Zn) is an essential micronutrient for humans,but Zn deficiency has become serious as equally as iron(Fe) and vitamin A deficiencies nowadays.Selection and breeding of high Zn-density crops is a suitable,cost-effective,and sustainable way to improve human health.However,the mechanism of high Zn density in rice grain is not fully understood,especially how Zn transports from soil to grains.Hydroponics experiments were carried out to compare Zn uptake and distribution in two different Zn-density rice genotypes using stable isotope technique.At seedling stage,IR68144 showed higher 68Zn uptake and transport rate to the shoot for the short-term,but no signifi-cant difference was observed in both genotypes for the long-term.Zn in xylem sap of IR68144 was consistently higher,and IR68144 exhibited higher Zn absorption ratio than IR64 at sufficient(2.0 μmol/L) or surplus(8.0 μmol/L) Zn supply level.IR64 and IR68144 showed similar patterns of 68Zn accumulation in new leaves at seedling stage and in de-veloping grains at ripening stage,whereas 68Zn in new leaves and grains of IR68144 was consistently higher.These results suggested that a rapid root-to-shoot translocation and enhanced xylem loading capacity may be the crucial processes for high Zn density in rice grains.

关键词： Zinc Stable isotope High Zn-density rice genotype translocation Remobilization

Molecular Study on the Chromosome 15 Breakpoints in the translocation t(15; 17) in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)

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Science China Chemistry 1993年第9期36卷 1101-1109页

作者：董硕童建华黄薇陈赛娟陈竺王振义耿解萍戚正武 Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institut of Hematology Shanghai Rui-Jin Hospital Shanghai Second Medical University Shanghai 200025 PRC Institute of Biochemistry Academia Sinica Shanghai 200031 PRC

Chromosomal translocation t（15; 17） is a specific marker of acute promyelocytic leukemia （APL）. In this study, molecular cloning of the t（15;17） breakpoint was carried out in a Chinese APL patient. It has been shown that the retinoic acid receptor alpha （RARA） gene, normally located on chromosome 17, was fused with a new transcription unit PML, normally localized on chromosome 15. We have subsequently cloned a portion of the PML gene and generated a panel of probes. A PML gene rearrangement was detected in 33 out of 36 APL cases studied. 24 rearrangements were clustered in a 4.4 kb region, designated here as PMLbcr1 whereas 9 rearrangements were concentrated in a 6.5 kb region, defining another breakpoint cluster region (PMLbcr2). These two types of rearrangement constitute the basis for the heterogeneity of the PML-RARA fusion gene and its possible biological significance remains to be explored.

关键词： acute promyelocytie leukemia(APL) chromosomal translocation retinoic acid receptor alpha(RARA) gene promyeloeytic leukemia(PML) gene.

Superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation are associated with lower immune activation in SIVmac239-infected northern pig-tailed macaques(Macaca leonina)

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Zoological Research 2019年第6期40卷 522-531页

作者： Ming-Xu Zhang Tian-Zhang Song Hong-Yi Zheng Xue-Hui Wang Ying Lu Han-Dan Zhang Ting Li Wei Pang Yong-Tang Zheng Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Non-human PrimatesKIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650223China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming Yunnan 650204China School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei Anhui 230026China KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Models and Drug Development College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhou Jiangsu 215123China

Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in HIV/SIV infection. In the present study, we found a lower CD8+ T cell activation level in Macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaques, NPMs) than in Macaca mulatta (Chinese rhesus macaques, ChRMs) during SIVmac239 infection. Furthermore, the levels of plasma LPS-binding protein and soluble CD14 in NPMs were lower than those in ChRMs. Compared with ChRMs, SIV-infected NPMs had lower Chiu scores, representing relatively normal intestinal mucosa. In addition, no obvious damage to the ileum or colon epithelial barrier was observed in either infected or uninfected NPMs, which differed to that found in ChRMs. Furthermore, no significant microbial translocation (Escherichia coli) was detected in the colon or ileum of infected or uninfected NPMs, which again differed to that observed in ChRMs. In conclusion, NPMs retained superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation during SIV infection, which may contribute to their lower immune activation compared with ChRMs.

关键词： Immune activation Intestinal integrity Microbial translocation SIVmac239 Macaca leonina Northern pig-tailed macaques Macaca mulatta Chinese rhesus macaques

Mechanism underlying the retarded nuclear translocation of androgen receptor splice variants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第2期62卷 257-267页

作者： Ye Liu Yinyu Wang Fangfang Wang Jiexue Pan Jingjing Xu Jingyi Li Chengliang Zhou Guolian Ding Yanting Wu Xinmei Liu Jianzhong Sheng Hefeng Huang The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) Zhejiang University Department of Pathophysiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine

As shown in our previous study, two alternatively spliced androgen receptor(AR) variants, which are exclusively expressed in the granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, exhibit retarded nuclear translocation compared with wild-type AR. However, researchers have not yet determined whether these abnormalities correlate with heat shock protein 90(HSP90)and importin α(the former is a generally accepted co-chaperone of AR, and the latter is a component of classical nuclear import complexes). Here, these two variants were mainly retained in cytoplasm with HSP90 and importin α in the presence of dihydrotestosterone(DHT), and their levels in nucleus were significantly reduced, according to the immunofluorescence staining. The binding affinity of two AR variants for importin α was consistently decreased, while it was increased in WT-AR following DHT stimulation, leading to reduced nuclear import, particularly for the insertion-AR(Ins-AR). However, the binding affinities of two AR variants for HSP90 were increased in the absence of DHT compared with WT-AR, which functioned to maintain spatial structural stability, particularly for the deletion-AR(Del-AR). Therefore, the retarded nuclear translocation of two AR variants is associated with HSP90 and importin α, and the abnormal binding affinities for them play critical roles in this process.

关键词： androgen receptor splice variants nuclear translocation heat shock protein 90 importin α polycystic ovary syndrome

Tracing method study of bacterial translocation in vivo

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第1期6卷 153-155页

作者： Fu WL Xiao GX Yue XL Hua C Lei MP Gene Center of Medical Laboratory South-Western Hospitalthe Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China Chinese PLA 252 Hospital Baoding 071000Heibei ProvinceChina

INTRODUCTIONEndogenesis infection plays an important role innosocomial infection.By studying progress ofbacteria translocation from intestinal tract,theconcept of gut-origin infection has been acceptedgradually.Because of no ideal tracing method,there were some controversies.In order to solve theproblem,the PUC19 plasmid vector tracing

关键词： Subject headings PUC19 plasmid trace bacterial translocation restriction map analysis fluorescence labeling

Cerium toxicity,uptake and translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第6期30卷 579-585页

作者：王学林有升刘东武徐恒戬刘涛赵凤云 School of Life Sciences Shandong University of Technology Analysis and Testing Center Shandong University of Technology

Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were cultivated in 0-500 μmol/L of extraneous cerium （Ce） for 7 d to investigate the toxicity, uptake and translocation of rare earth elements （REEs）. The results showed that Ce could be largely absorbed by the roots ofA. thaliana and translocated to the shoots. But the uptake rates of Ce by the roots were much higher than the translocation rates from roots to shoots. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that Ce was mainly distributed on the cell wall. At higher concentration, Ce could also enter cell, destroy the ultrastructure of cells and disturb the intrinsic balance of nutrient elements of A, thaliana, Addition of Ce （50-500 μmol/L） to the culture medium significantly inhibited the elongation of primary roots, decreased chlorophyll content, rosette diameter and fresh mass of plants. The damage increased with the increase of Ce concentration in culture medium, although primary root elongation, chlorophyll content, and rosette diameter were stimulated by relatively low concentration （0.5 μmol/L） of Ce. Thus, it is speculated that REEs may become a new type contamination if we don＇t well control the release of REEs into the environment.

关键词： cerium toxicity uptake translocation Arabidopsis thaliana （L.） Heynh rare earths

Herpes simplex virus-1 infection or Simian virus 40-mediated immortalization of corneal cells causes permanent translocation of NLRP3 to the nuclei

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第1期8卷 46-51页

作者： Shu-Long Wang Ge Zhao Wei Zhu Xiao-Meng Dong Ting Liu Yuan-Yuan Li Wen-Gang Song Yi-Qiang Wang Department of Immunology Taishan Medical University Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Shandong Eye Institute Department of Immunology Qingdao University MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Jiangsu Institute of Hematology the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

AIM: To investigate into the potential involvement of pyrin containing 3 gene(NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors with cytosolic pattern recognition, in the host defense of corneas against viruses.METHODS: The herpes viral keratitis model was utilized in BALB/c mice with inoculation of herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1). Corneal tissues removed during therapy of patients with viral keratitis as well as a Simian vacuolating virus 40(SV40)-immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line were also examined.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect NLRP3 in these subjects, focusing on their distribution in tissue or cells. Western blot was used to measure the level of NLRP3 and another two related molecules in NLPR3 inflammasome, namely caspase-1 and IL-1β.RESULTS: The NLRP3 activation induced by HSV-1infection in corneas was accompanied with redistribution of NLRP3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in both murine and human corneal epithelial cells. Furthermore,in the SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells,NLRP3 was exclusively located in the nucleus, and treatment of the cells with high concentration of extracellular potassium(known as an inhibitor of NLRP3activation) effectively drove NLRP3 back to the cytoplasm as reflected by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot.· CONCLUSION: It is proposed that herpes virus infection activates and causes redistribution of NLRP3 to nuclei. Whether this NLRP3 translocation occurs with other viral infections and in other cell types merit further study.

关键词： pyrin containing 3 gene inflammasome translocation herpes simplex virus-1 keratitis human corneal epithelial cell Simian vacuolating virus 40 immortalization