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Single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to quantitative trait loci for grain quality traits in wheat

The Crop Journal 2016年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Chunlian Li Guihua Bai Shiaoman Chao Brett Carver Zhonghua Wang College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University Agronomy Department Kansas State University Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARS Cereal Crops Research Unit USDA-ARS Department of Plant and Soil Science Oklahoma State University

Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) grain quality traits that are controlled by quantitative traits loci(QTL) define suitable growing areas and potential end-use products of a wheat cultivar. To dissect QTL for these traits including protein content(GPC); test weight(TW); single kernel characterization system(SKCS)-estimated kernel weight(SKW); kernel diameter(KD);kernel hardness measured by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) hardness index(NHI); and SKCS-hardness index(SHI), a high-density genetic map with single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) and simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers was developed using recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from Ning7840 × Clark. The RILs were evaluated for these quality traits in seven Oklahoma environments from 2001 to 2003. A total of 41 QTL with additive effects on different traits were mapped on most wheat chromosomes,excluding 1A, 2A, 3D, 4D, 6D, and 7B. Seven chromosome regions showed either tightly linked QTL or QTL with pleiotropic effects on two to four traits. Ten pairs of QTL showed additive × additive effects(AA), four QTL were involved in additive × environment(AE)effects, and one was involved in AAE effects. Two to eleven QTL for each of the six traits and139 tightly linked markers to these QTL were identified. The findings shed light on the inheritance of wheat grain quality traits and provide DNA markers for manipulating these important traits to improve quality of new wheat cultivars.

关键词： Triticum aestivum Epistasis Grain quality traits QTL×environments interaction SNP

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Recent shifts in shade tolerance and disturbance traits in forests of the eastern United States

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 391-401页

作者： Brice B.Hanberry Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest ServiceRapid CitySD 57702USA

Background:Current forests of the eastern USA have the potential to succeed in composition to more shade-tolerant species.However,long-term processes of transition from fire-tolerant tree species to fire-sensitive species and effects of current land use on forests may interfere with successional progression.Methods:I examined if forests in three regions have increased in shade tolerance and if life history strategy groups that represent response to disturbance(i.e.,fire-tolerance,early-successional species based on low shade tolerance,mid-successional species,late-successional species,and trees valued for traits related to short harvest rotations)have changed,using Forest Inventory and Analysis surveys,adjusted for comparison,and generalized linear mixed models to assess approximately 30 year trends,with adjustments to equalize different survey methods.Results:Although statistically significant,a slight increase of 2 to 4%in regional mean shade tolerance may not be ecologically significant.In the central East,mid-successional species replaced early-successional species and early-successional species replaced fire-tolerant oaks,resulting in an overall shift from fire-tolerant oaks to mid-successional species.Decreased fire-tolerant pine species and increased planted pine species were the major changes in the northern Southeast and Coastal Plain.Conclusions:The successional process of increased composition by shade-tolerant species over time was overshadowed by land use changes that resulted in decreased fire-tolerant species and increased planted pine.Furthermore,frequent land use disturbance may continue to prevent the slow progress of compositional succession to very shade-tolerant species.

关键词： Disturbance Eastern United States Fire Land use Mesophication Oak Pine Succession traits

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Response of phenology- and yield-related traits of maize to elevated temperature in a temperate region

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The Crop Journal 2017年第4期5卷 305-316页

作者： Dana Shim Kyu-Jong Lee Byun-Woo Lee Department of Plant Science Seoul National University Seoul 151-921 Republic of Korea Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 151-921 Republic of Korea

Extreme high temperatures detrimental to maize production are projected to occur more frequently with future climate change.Phenology and yield-related traits were investigated under several levels of elevated temperature in two early-maturing hybrid cultivars:Junda 6(grown in northeastern China)and Chalok 1(grown in South Korea).They were cultivated in plastic houses in Suwon,Korea(37.27°N,126.99°E)held at target temperatures of ambient(AT),AT+1.5°C,AT+3°C,and AT+5°C at one sowing date in 2013 and three different sowing dates in 2014.Vegetative and reproductive growth durations showed variation depending on sowing date,experimental year,and cultivar.Growth duration tended to decrease,but not necessarily,with temperature elevation,but somewhat increased again above a certain temperature.High temperature-dependent variation was greater during grain filling than in the vegetative period before anthesis.Elevated temperature showed no significant effects on duration or peak dates of silking and anthesis,and thus on anthesis–silking interval.Grain yield tended to decrease with temperature elevation above ambient,showing a sharper linear decrease with mean growing season temperature increase in Junda 6 than in Chalok 1.The decrease in kernel number accounted for a much greater contribution to the yield reductions due to temperature elevation than did the decrease in individual kernel weight in both cultivars.Individual harvestable kernel weight was not significantly affected by temperature elevation treatments.Kernel number showed a linear decrease with mean growth temperature from early ear formation to early grain-filling stage,with Junda 6 showing a much severer decrease than Chalok 1.Kernel number reduction due to temperature elevation was attributable more to the decrease in differentiated ovule number than to the decrease in kernel set in Chalok 1,but largely to the decrease of kernel set in Junda 6.

关键词： Maize Elevated temperature Phenology Yield Yield-related traits

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Effects of the Fhb1 gene on Fusarium head blight resistance and agronomic traits of winter wheat

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The Crop Journal 2019年第6期7卷 799-808页

作者： Teng Li Hongjun Zhang Yiwen Huang Zhenqi Su Yun Deng Hongwei Liu Chunyan Mai Guangjun Yu Huili Li Liqiang Yu Tongquan Zhu Li Yang Hongjie Li Yang Zhou National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang 050035HebeiChina Nanping Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Fujian Province Jianyang 354200FujianChina Xinxiang Innovation Center for Breeding Technology of Dwarf-Male-Sterile Wheat Xinxiang 453731HenanChina Zhaoxian Experiment Station Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesZhaoxian 051530HebeiChina Wheat Research Institute Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhumadian 463000HenanChina

The gene Fhb1 has been used in many countries to improve wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB) resistance. To make better use of this gene in the Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone(YHWZ), the most important wheat-producing region of China, it is desirable to elucidate its effects on FHB resistance and agronomic traits in different genetic backgrounds. Based on a diagnostic marker for Fhb1, six BC2 populations were developed by crossing dwarf-male-sterile(DMS)-Zhoumai 16 to three Fhb1 donors(Ningmai 9, Ningmai 13, and Jianyang 84) and backcrossing to Zhoumai 16 and Zhoumai16’s derivative cultivars(Lunxuan 136 and Lunxuan 13) using marker-assisted backcross breeding. The progenies were assessed for FHB resistance and major agronomic traits.The Fhb1 alleles were identified using the gene-specific molecular marker. The plants with the Fhb1-resistant genotype(Fhb1-R) in these populations showed significantly fewer infected spikelets than those with the Fhb1-susceptible genotype(Fhb1-S). When Lunxuan 136 was used as the recurrent parent, Fhb1-R plants showed significantly fewer infected spikelets per spike than Fhb1-R plants produced using Lunxuan 13 as the recurrent parent, indicating that the genetic backgrounds of Fhb1 influence the expression of FHB resistance. Fhb1-R plants from the DMS-Zhoumai 16/Ningmai 9//Zhoumai 16/3/Lunxuan 136 population showed the highest FHB resistance among the six populations and a significantly higher level of FHB resistance than the moderately susceptible control Huaimai 20. No significant phenotypic differences between Fhb1-R and Fhb1-S plants were observed for the eight agronomic traits investigated. These results suggest that it is feasible to improve FHB resistance of winter wheat withoutreducing yield potential by introgressing Fhb1 resistance allele into FHB-susceptible cultivars in the YHWZ.

关键词： Triticum aestivum L. Fhb1 gene Marker-assisted selection Fusarium head blight resistance Agronomic traits

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Field identification of morphological and physiological traits in two special mutants with strong tolerance and high sensitivity to drought stress in upland rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第5期18卷 970-981页

作者： HUANG Min XU Yu-hui WANG Hua-qi College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University

The two mutants idr1-1 and 297-28, which were obtained from the radiation mutation of HD297 and IAPAR9, were used as experimental materials in this study for a 2-year(2012 and 2013) experiment about field drought resistance identification in Beijing, China. Key agronomic traits and water-related physiological indexes were observed and measured, including the leaf anti-dead level(LADL), days to heading, plant height, setting percentage, aboveground biomass, leaf water potential(LWP), net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and transpiration rate. The results showed that the mutant idr1-1 that was under drought stress(DS) conditions for 2 years had the highest LADL grades(1.3 and 2.0) among all the materials, and they were 2–3 grades stronger than the wild-type IAPAR9 with an average that was 21.4% higher for the setting percentage than the wild type. Compared with the IAPAR9 for the 2-year average delay in the days to heading and the reduction rates in the plant height, setting percentage, and aboveground biomass under DS compared with the well-watered(WW) treatment, idr1-1 showed 3.2% less delay and 19.1, 16.4, and 6.1% less reduction, respectively. The idr1-1 in the LWP always exhibited the highest performance among all the materials. The Pn of idr1-1 under severe and mild DS comparing with that under WW was slightly decreased and even slightly increased, respectively, leading to an average reduction rate of only 0.92%, which was 26.93% less than that of IAPAR9. Under the severe DS, idr1-1 still showed the highest value of 16.88 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 among all the materials and was significantly higher than that of IAPAR9(11.66 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). Furthermore, only idr1-1 had the increased and the highest transpiration rate values(7.6 and 6.04 mmol H2 O m–2 s–1) under both mild and severe DS compared with the values under WW, when the transpiration rate of all the other materials significantly decreased. By contrast, the 297-28 in terms of the LADL grade under DS was the lowest(7.0), and it was four grades weaker than its wildtyp

关键词： rice mutants morphological and physiological traits drought resistance field identification

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Genome-wide association mapping in a sweet cherry germplasm collection(Prunus avium L.)reveals candidate genes for fruit quality traits

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Horticulture Research 2023年第10期10卷 227-249页

作者： Armel S.L.Donkpegan Anthony Bernard Teresa Barreneche José Quero-García Hélène Bonnet Mathieu Fouché Loïck Le Dantec Bénédicte Wenden Elisabeth Dirlewanger UMR BFP INRAEUniversity of Bordeaux71 Avenue Edouard BourlauxF-33882 Villenave d’OrnonFrance UMR BOA SYSAAFCentre INRAE Val de Loire37380 NouzillyFrance

In sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.),large variability exists for various traits related to fruit quality.There is a need to discover the genetic architecture of these traits in order to enhance the efficiency of breeding strategies for consumer and producer demands.With this objective,a germplasm collection consisting of 116 sweet cherry accessions was evaluated for 23 agronomic fruit quality traits over 2-6 years,and characterized using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach.The SNP coverage collected was used to conduct a genome-wide association study using two multilocus models and three reference genomes.We identified numerous SNP-trait associations for global fruit size(weight,width,and thickness),fruit cracking,fruit firmness,and stone size,and we pinpointed several candidate genes involved in phytohormone,calcium,and cell wall metabolisms.Finally,we conducted a precise literature review focusing on the genetic architecture of fruit quality traits in sweet cherry to compare our results with potential colocalizations of marker-trait associations.This study brings new knowledge of the genetic control of important agronomic traits related to fruit quality,and to the development of marker-assisted selection strategies targeted towards the facilitation of breeding efforts.

关键词： breeding germplasm traits

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Morphological diversity and correlation analysis of phenotypes and quality traits of proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.)core collections

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第5期18卷 958-969页

作者： ZHANG Da-zhong Rabia Begum Panhwar LIU Jia-jia GONG Xiang-wei LIANG Ji-bao LIU Minxuan LU Ping GAO Xiao-li FENG Bai-li College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Shenmu City Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Genetic diversity and comprehensive performance are the basis for the discovery and efficient use of proso millet(Panicum miliaceum L.) core collections. In this study, 386 proso millet core collections were used as materials to observe inflorescence color, leaf phase, inflorescence density, axis shape, branched spike length, panicle type, trichome, measured area of the top3 leaves, and chlorophyll content of the top3 leaves at filling stage. These core collections were also used to record growth period, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, branch number, panicle length, panicle number per plant, and panicle weight per plant at the maturation stage. Starch, fat, protein, and yellow pigment contents in the grain and 1 000-seed weight were also measured after harvest. Then, quantitative traits were used for diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of each collection. Correlations between all traits were also analyzed. Results showed that among the 8 quality traits, the Shannon index(H′) of hull color was the highest(1.588) followed by the H′ of inflorescence density(0.984). However, inflorescence color and axis shape were lower. The H′ of 16 quantitative traits were significantly higher than the quality traits with the following traits having the highest indices: fat content(2.092), 1 000-seed weight(2.073), top3 leaves area(2.070), main stem diameter(2.056), and plant height(2.052). Furthermore, all other traits had a diversity higher than 1.900. After a comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits, plant height, diameter of main stem, plant tiller number, leaf area of top3 leaves, and 1 000-seed weight were the biggest contributors to the principal components. Six high-fat and high-protein cultivars, including Nuoshu, A75-2, Zhiduoaosizhi, Panlonghuangmi, Xiaobaishu, and Xiaohongshu were also screened. Correlations between the quantitative traits were significant, including the correlation between quality traits and quantitative traits. In conclusion, the core collections can be used

关键词： proso millet phenotypic traits quality diversity correlation evaluation

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Opportunistic-tended life history traits of Siniperca kneri in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China: potential responses to impoundment

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第2期37卷 694-705页

作者： ZHAO Shasha CHENG Fei HOU Gang HU Zhengyu XIE Songguang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Fisheries Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang 524088 China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Fisheries and Environmental Protection for Lakes of Northern Jiangsu Huai’an Research Center Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Huai’an 223002 China

Reservoir impoundment changes original fluvial habitats into lentic environments. Fish species adapted to lentic habitats may take the advantage of such habitat changes and show typical life history traits might facilitate the population increase. Siniperca kneri rarely occurred in fishery landing in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area before its impoundment in 2003, but it is now a dominant species. In this study, a total of 438 females of S . kneri were collected monthly during September 2012 through January 2014 using gill nets in the TGR. The age, growth, and reproductive biology were then investigated, and compared with other S . kneri populations. The standard length at age 1 was 149.9 mm in the TGR, which is larger than the three compared populations (i.e., Sandaohe Reservoir, Xinfengjiang Reservoir, and North River), but smaller than one (the Guishi Reservoir). The youngest mature female in the TGR was age 1, which is younger than that of the two compared populations (i.e., Xinfengjiang Reservoir and the North River). The relative fecundity in the TGR was 140 eggs/g, which is higher than that of the only available compared population (Xinfengjiang Reservoir, 96 eggs/g). Our results demonstrated that S . kneri in the TGR tended to have faster growth in the first year, a younger age at first maturation, and higher reproductive eff ort. We suggest that such opportunistic-tended life history traits might facilitate rapid increase of the population.

关键词： Siniperca kneri life history traits opportunistic growth reproduction colonization

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Multi-environment QTL mapping of crown root traits in a maize RIL population

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The Crop Journal 2020年第4期8卷 645-654页

作者： Pengcheng Li Yingying Fana Shuangyi Yina Yunyun Wanga Houmiao Wang Yang Xu Zefeng Yang Chenwu Xu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina

Crown root traits,including crown root angle(CRA),diameter(CRD),and number(CRN),are major determining factors of root system architecture,which influences crop production.In maize,the genetic mechanisms determining crown root traits in the field are largely unknown.CRA,CRD,and CRN were evaluated in a recombinant inbred line population in three field trials.High phenotypic variation was observed for crown root traits,and all measured traits showed significant genotype–environment interactions.Singleenvironment(SEA)and multi-environment(MEA)quantitative trait locus(QTL)analyses were conducted for CRA,CRD,and CRN.Of 46 QTL detected by SEA,most explained less than 10%of the phenotypic variation,indicating that a large number of minor-effect QTL contributed to the genetic component of these traits.MEA detected 25 QTL associated with CRA,CRD,and CRN,and 2 and 1 QTL were identified with significant QTL-by-environment interaction effects for CRA and CRD,respectively.A total of 26.1%(12/46)of the QTL identified by SEA were also detected by MEA,with many being detected in more than one environment.These findings contribute to our understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic patterns of crown root traits in different environments.The identified environment-specific QTL and stable QTL may be used to improve root traits in maize breeding.

关键词： crown traits maize

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Relationships between body weight and other morphological traits in young sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicas

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第2期37卷 759-766页

作者： ZHAN Yaoyao ZHANG Weijie GE Chen LIN Kai LI Guang SONG Jian CHANG Yaqing Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Aff airsDalian Ocean University

Correlation, multiple regression, and path analyses were used to investigate the relationships between body weight and three other morphological traits in juvenile Japanese sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus . We measured live body weight (BW), body length (BL), numbers of papillae (NP), and numbers of tube feet (NF) at 60, 80, 100, and 130 days post-hatching (dph). We calculated path correlation coefficients, correlation indices ( R 2 ), and coefficients of determination with BW as the dependent variable and the other morphological traits as independent variables. The coefficient of variation for BW was high across all age groups, and all measured morphological traits were significantly correlated ( P traits and BW indicated that R 2 was greater than 0.85 only in the 100-dph specimens. The indirect eff ects of the other measured morphological traits on BW were age-dependent. The optimal regression equations, as determined with stepwise regression, were, for 60-dph specimens: BW 60 =10 (-3.04+0.092BL+0.014NP+0.014NF)( R 2 =0.632);for 80-dph specimens: BW 80 =10 (- 3.035+0.056BL+0.017NP+0.02NF)( R 2 =0.686);for 100-dph specimens: BW 100 =10 (- 3.742+0.069BL+0. 633 · lg (NP)+0. 464 · lg (NF))( R 2 =0.893);and for 130-dph specimens: BW 130 =10 (- 2.472+0.065BL+0.012NP)( R 2 =0.774). Our work clarified the correlation between various morphological traits and body weight of a commercially-important sea cucumber species ( A . japonicus ). Our predictive models for body weight might be useful for the aquaculture and selective breeding of A . japonicus . These models might also provide theoretical support for the indirect selection of traits that are difficult to select directly.

关键词： Apostichopus japonicus juvenile body weight morphological traits correlation analysis regression analysis

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