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Cultural and Religious Studies 2022年第10期10卷 578-584页

作者： SONG Xin-yi Peking University BeijingChina

Written between 1936 and 1938,then continuously reworked in the following decades,Oriental Tales appeared for the first time byÉdition Gallimard in 1938 and reappeared in 1963 in a revised version.This work covers most of the ancient cultures:Greek fables,Balkan ballads,Hindu or Chinese apologues,and Japanese medieval novels.This collection of tales has a so eccentric,exotic,distant,and archaic color that the author Marguerite Yourcenar did not hesitate to name it“Oriental”.The temporal and geographical remoteness of the stories reveals no less the depth of Yourcenar’s critical considerations on the human condition in general or in concrete terms.Man,entangled in the labyrinth of the world,is doomed to tragedy.Art,such as the writing that is in the making,presents a salutary way out.

关键词： tragedy salvation Yourcenar art Oriental Tales

Thomas Hardy's Understanding of tragedy and His Creation of Characters

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 2000年第2期17卷 122-128页

作者：张群

Thomas Hardy’ s understanding of tragedy was in devel-opment owing to the influence of various factors. The de-velopment illustrated itself clearly in his four representa-tive tragic novels The Return of the Native, The Mayor ofCasterbridge, Tess of the D’ Urbervilles and Jude theObscure, especially in the four principal characters Eusta-cia, Henchard, Tess and Jude of the novels. The paperattempts to elucidate that Thomas Hardy managed, un-der the influence of his developing understanding of trag-edy, to describe Eustacia as a "tragedy of fate", Hen-chard as a "tragedy of character", Tess and Jude as"tragedies of society". The paper is composed of

关键词： Thomas Hardy tragedy Immanent Will pessimist .

Ephraim Cabot’s Puritanism as the Root of His Family tragedy

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2018年第12期8卷 1661-1668页

作者： HUANG Li-hua Guangdong Peizheng College Guangdong University of Foreign Studies GuangzhouChina

On the surface,Desire Under the Elms is a tragedy of the Cabot family which borrows its plot from the ancient Greek tragedy and legend Hippolytus and Medea by Euripides and the Greek myth Oedipus by Sophocles,about lust,incest,Oedipus complex and infanticide,etc.enriched and elevated,however the root of all the tragedies in the family lies in Ephraim Cabot’s Puritanism.

关键词： Eugene O’Neill Desire Under the Elms Ephraim Cabot puritanism family tragedy

Shylock's tragedy in The Merchant of Venice

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海外英语 2012年第4X期 199-203,205页

作者：李曌杨萌萌对外经济贸易大学北京100025

The Merchant of Venice is one of the most contradictory plays of William Shakespeare.Through presenting and studying the tragedy nature of Shylock,this thesis attempts to illustrate the tragic nature of Merchant of Venice.In this paper the author tries to reveal the significance of its tragic nature through thorough analyzing.Shylock's tragedy is the tragedy of individual struggling,which shows in the aspects of family,money and religion.The profound reason for Shylock's tragedy is his Jewish identity.Therefore,the author of this paper is enlightened hereby,turning to a lot of books and data,and then analyzes the origins of Jewish prejudice from two aspects,society and history.Christianity has dominated the west,with its doctrine mainly derived from the New Testament.Meanwhile,Judaism derives its doctrine from the Old Testament.Therefore,the pious Christians will be misled by the contents of libeling Jews and the murdering of Jesus Christ in the New Testament.So a kind of instinctive hatred toward Jews is generated.This kind of tendency is rather clear in the play The Merchant of Venice.In this play,Shylock mentions several times that Antonio has insulted him physically and mentally in the Rialto.Almost all the characters in the play humiliate Shylock.But,he just endures all these insults quietly,and then looks for the chance to revenge.In the end,under the delicate trap set by the authority,Shylock loses again.He loses everything he could lose,both materially and mentally.Nothing is more frustrating than that.However,the author of this paper believes that it is worth paying attention to in the present day.In this paper,the author chooses this topic,presents and analyzes the tragedy of Shylock,and reveals the positive significance of the tragic nature of the play for our time.

关键词： Jews tragedy Religion Bible

Narrator,Anti-hero and tragedy:A Comparative Reading of American Pastoral and Lord Jim

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2021年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： DENG Jian-ying Shenzhen University ShenzhenGuangdongChina

American novelist Philip Roth demonstrated admiration for and intimacy with Joseph Conrad’s works.Testimonies abound of Roth’s direct and oblique references to Conrad’s novels.A close and comparative reading of Roth’s American Pastoral and Conrad’s Lord Jim reveals the intertextuality between the two novels in three aspects:narrative techniques,characterization and the protagonist’s tragedy.By incorporating Conrad’s Lord Jim into the fabric of American Pastoral through intertextuality,Roth rewrites Jim’s story in a new historical and social context,throwing new light on the canonical work and revealing the dilemma and tragedy of American Jewish immigrants in their pursuit of American Dream.

关键词： American Pastoral Lord Jim intertextuality narrator anti-hero tragedy

A tragedy of Human Beings,A Comedy of A Little Boy:Reflection of Social Conventions and Human tragedy in Acorn-gatherer

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海外英语 2011年第4X期 219-221页

作者：张伟伟上海外国语大学研究生部上海200083

Richard Jefferies presented one tragedy after another in a small and backward village in 19th England in his short story Acorn-gatherer.The paper explored the fundamental cause of those tragedies and drew a conclusion all those tragedies were the expression of human tragedy resulted from social conventions in the form of religion and the tragedy was actually a comedy for the little boy who was just the symbol of human tragedy in the story due to his special identity:an illegitimate child.

关键词： human tragedy social conventions religion identity an illegitimate child

Death of a Salesman: an Aristotelian tragedy

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海外英语 2013年第17期 189-190,232页

作者：刘丽明三峡大学科技学院湖北宜昌43002

Death of a Salesman is Arthur Miller's most famous tragedy and caused great repercussions in the East-West literary.Aristotle is an outstanding representative of the early Western literary theory, and his Poetics epitomizes his theory of tragedy and marked the beginning of western tragedy theory. Based on Aristotle's part theory of tragedy, a detailed analysis is made on the tragedy of Death of a Salesman.

关键词： tragedy Plot Character Reversal

Analysis of the tragedy of the Characters in Beyond the Horizon

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海外英语 2020年第5期 199-201页

作者：张露露上海戏剧学院上海201112

Beyond the Horizon is the famous work of an American playwright, Eugene O'Neill. In 1936, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature that establishes him a reputation in the field of literature. Until now he has been the only American playwright who got the prize. The drama describes the pursuit of dreams of three young people in the American countryside in twentieth centu-ry.By analysis of the tragedy of Robert, Andrew and Ruth, the thesis aims to explore the cause of the tragedy and the tragic connota-tions embodied in the drama. By the study of the personalities of the three main characters, the author's experience and the back-ground of the times,we find that there are three major causes for the tragedy. First, each individual has their own flaws in personali-ties that bring them to a tragic end. Second, they are unable to meet the rapid change of times. Finally, the family is also a cause for their tragic fate. Besides, O'Neill displays the theme of conflict between dream and reality, and self-consciousness in the drama. The road to fulfill dreams in life is full of twists and turns. To realize our dreams, we need not only to overcome our cowardice, but also to adjust ourselves to the social environment and the surrounding environment.

关键词： Beyond the horizon tragedy Cause Theme Eugene O'Neill

Social Conventions and Human tragedy—On Richard Jefferies's The Acorn Gatherer

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海外英语 2013年第17期 222-224页

作者：张韵菲解放军理工大学

The Acorn Gatherer by Richard Jefferies is an allegorical tragedy, in which a nameless boy, born out of wedlock, is viewed as a sort of icon of sin, and is ultimately driven to death by the rigid and unforgiving socia... 详细信息

关键词： The Acorn Gatherer Richard Jefferies human tragedy

An analysis of the Origins of Tess' tragedy

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海外英语 2013年第18期 226-227,229页

作者：张宝元定西师范高等专科学校外语系甘肃定西743000

The thesis analyzes the origins of Tess' tragedy both from external and internal factors, with a view to point out that her tragic fate is inevitable. Being related with the author'pessimistic fatalism, Tess' tragedy ... 详细信息

关键词： tragedy Tess Pessimistic Fatalism