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An investigation on the strain accumulation of the lightly EICP-cemented sands under cyclic traffic loads

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Journal of Road Engineering 2023年第2期3卷 203-217页

作者： Emad Maleki Tabrizi Hamid Reza Tohidvand Masoud Hajialilue-Bonab Elham Mousavi Saba Ghassemi Department of Civil Engineering University of TabrizTabriz 51666-16471Iran

Industrial production of chemical cement leads to extreme emissions of greenhouse *** or bioinspired sustainable materials for soil treatment projects can be employed instead of chemical cement to heal the carbon cycle in the *** enzyme-induced calcite precipitation(EICP)method is one of the novel bio-inspired technologies that can be employed in soil treatment projects to increase desired properties of *** the monotonic and cyclic behavior of the enzymatically treated sands has been investigated comprehensively,the strain accumulation pattern in these improved soils under cyclic traffic loads has not been evaluated *** this paper,confined and unconfined cyclic compression tests are applied to the enzymatically lightly cemented sands,and the effects of the different parameters on their strain accumulation pattern are investigated for the first time in the *** study uses two types of specimens with unconfined compression strengths(UCS)equal to 42 kPa and 266 *** is shown that the treated specimens have a rate-dependent behavior where cyclic loads with low frequencies lead to more resilient and plastic strains in the *** results show that by approaching the maximum applied stresses to the UCS of the specimens(by breaking more calcite bonds between sand particles),the rate dependency behavior of specimens will *** of the effects of the cementation level demonstrated that by increasing the amount of the precipitated calcite from 0.38%to 0.83%,accumulated plastic strains are reduced almost 95%under the same loading *** of the initial static loads,confining pressures,the number of cycles,and amplitudes of the cyclic loads are also evaluated.

关键词： traffic load EICP method Bio-inspired treatment Unconfined compression Confined compression

Research on pavement cracking possibility based on the load mechanical response

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 3549-3561页

作者： WANG Meng LI ShuCai LIU RenTai ZHANG ChunYu ZHU ZhiJing ZHANG LianZhen BAI JiWen School of Civil Engineering Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research CenterShandong UniversityJinan 250061China College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China

Cavities under roads are one of the main reasons for early structural damage to pavements. It is necessary to conduct a structural analysis of road sections with cavities and evaluate the possibility of pavement cracking caused by different cavity sizes. In this study, an analysis method for evaluating the possibility of pavement cracking based on the load-mechanical response is *** example library of the mechanical response of asphalt concrete(AC) pavements was established by numerical *** on the tensile cracking characteristics of pavements in the mechanical response research, the tensile strain at the bottom of the AC layer was selected as the key analysis parameter. Sensitivity analysis of the tensile strain was conducted, and the main factors controlling pavement cracking were determined. A tensile strain response prediction model was established using multiple linear regression, and its reliability was verified. The cavity influence coefficient(CIC) and pavement cracking factor(PCF) were constructed to analyze the cracking possibility. The variation in PCF with the cavity size and pavement structure parameters was studied. A quantitative relationship between the depth and length of the cavity for a given PCF was *** law conforms to a power function. The possibility of pavement cracking can be determined by measuring the cavity *** to the existing cavity management system, the proposed method provided analysis results of the cracking possibility that were more consistent when the cavity depth was small and the length was long. The findings of this study provide new insights for evaluating the possibility of pavement cracking.

关键词： pavement cracking cavity case base traffic load mechanical response risk analysis

Adaptive local routing strategy on a scale-free network

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第4期19卷 159-167页

作者：刘锋赵寒李明任丰原朱衍波 School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beihang University Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University

Due to the heterogeneity of the structure on a scale-free network, making the betweennesses of all nodes become homogeneous by reassigning the weights of nodes or edges is very difficult. In order to take advantage of the important effect of high degree nodes on the shortest path communication and preferentially deliver packets by them to increase the probability to destination, an adaptive local routing strategy on a scale-free network is proposed, in which the node adjusts the forwarding probability with the dynamical traffic load （packet queue length） and the degree distribution of neighbouring nodes. The critical queue length of a node is set to be proportional to its degree, and the node with high degree has a larger critical queue length to store and forward more packets. When the queue length of a high degree node is shorter than its critical queue length, it has a higher probability to forward packets. After higher degree nodes are saturated （whose queue lengths are longer than their critical queue lengths）, more packets will be delivered by the lower degree nodes around them. The adaptive local routing strategy increases the probability of a packet finding its destination quickly, and improves the transmission capacity on the scale-free network by reducing routing hops. The simulation results show that the transmission capacity of the adaptive local routing strategy is larger than that of three previous local routing strategies.

关键词： local routing scale-free networks preferential probability traffic load

A practical multi-lane factor model of bridges based on multi-truck presence considering lane load disparities

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第4期15卷 877-894页

作者： Junyong ZHOU Colin C.CAPRANI School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China Department of Civil Engineering Monash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia

Many bridge design specifications consider multi-lane factors(MLFs)a critical component of the traffic load *** multi-lane traffic data generally exhibit significant lane disparities in traffic loads over multiple ***,these disparities are not considered in current *** address this drawback,a multi-coefficient MLF model was developed based on an improved probabilistic statistical approach that considers the presence of multiple *** proposed MLF model and approach were calibrated and demonstrated through an example *** model sensitivity analysis demonstrated the significant influence of lane disparity of truck traffic volume and truck weight distribution on the *** the proposed approach,the experimental site study yielded MLFs comparable with those directly calculated using traffic load *** exclusion of overloaded trucks caused the proposed approach,existing design specifications,and conventional approach of ignoring lane load disparity to generate comparable MLFs,while the MLFs based on the proposed approach were the most *** inclusion of overloaded trucks caused the conventional approach and design specifications to overestimate the MLFs ***,the benefits of the research results to bridge practitioners were discussed.

关键词： bridges multi-lane factor traffic load lane load disparity multi-truck presence weigh-in-motion data

Energy-Efficient Resource Optimization for Massive MIMO Networks Considering Network load

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 871-888页

作者： Samira Mujkic Suad Kasapovic Mohammed Abuibaid Department of Telecommunications Faculty of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of TuzlaTuzla75000Bosnia Herzegovina 2Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and DesignCarleton UniversityOttawaK1S 5B6Canada

This paper investigates the resource optimization problem for a multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)network in which each base station(BS)is equipped with a large number of antennas and each base station(BS)adapts the number of antennas to the daily load profile(DLP).This paper takes into consideration user location distribution(ULD)variation and evaluates its impact on the energy efficiency of load adaptive massive MIMO *** variation is modeled by dividing the cell into two coverage areas with different user densities:boundary focused(BF)and center focused(CF)*** cells are assumed identical in terms of BS configurations,cell loading,and ULD variation and each BS is modeled as an M/G/m/m state dependent queue that can serve a maximum number of users at the peak *** with energy efficiency(EE)we analyzed deployment and spectrum efficiency in our adaptive massive MIMO system by evaluating the impact of cell size,available bandwidth,output power level of the BS,and maximum output power of the power amplifier(PA)at different cell *** also analyzed average energy consumption on an hourly basis per BS for the model proposed for data traffic in Europe and also the model proposed for business,residential,street,and highway areas.

关键词： Massive MIMO traffic load energy efficiency user location distribution optimization

Grouping Decision Algorithm for Dynamic Terminals in Random Access Networks

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2024年第2期9卷 176-183页

作者： Hongliang Sun Tongfei Chen Chuangye Zhao Mengxin Chen College of Information and Control Engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical TechnologyJilin 132022China

This paper proposes a grouping decision algorithm for random access networks with the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) mechanism, which can balance the traffic load and solve the hidden terminal issue. Considering the arrival characteristics of terminals and quality of service (QoS) requirements, the traffic load is evaluated based on the effective bandwidth theory. Additionally, a probability matrix of hidden terminals is constructed to take into account the dynamic nature of hidden terminal relations. In the grouping process, an income function is established with a view to the benefits of decreasing the probability of hidden terminal collisions and load balancing. Then, we introduce the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to implement the grouping decision. Simulation results demonstrate that the grouping algorithm can effectively alleviate the performance degradation and facilitate the management of network resources.

关键词： random access network hidden terminal collision probability effective bandwidth traffic load grey wolf optimization

A traffic-Aware and Cluster-Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for IoT-Assisted WSNs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 1831-1850页

作者： Hina Gul Sana Ullah Ki-Il Kim Farman Ali Department of Computer and Software Technology University of SwatMingora19130Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea Department of Applied AI Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063Republic of Korea

The seamless integration of intelligent Internet of Things devices with conventional wireless sensor networks has revolutionized data communication for different applications,such as remote health monitoring,industrial monitoring,transportation,and smart *** and reliable data routing is one of the major challenges in the Internet of Things network due to the heterogeneity of *** paper presents a traffic-aware,cluster-based,and energy-efficient routing protocol that employs traffic-aware and cluster-based techniques to improve the data delivery in such *** proposed protocol divides the network into clusters where optimal cluster heads are selected among super and normal nodes based on their residual *** protocol considers multi-criteria attributes,i.e.,energy,traffic load,and distance parameters to select the next hop for data delivery towards the base *** performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated through the network simulator *** different traffic rates,number of nodes,and different packet sizes,the proposed protocol outperformed LoRaWAN in terms of end-to-end packet delivery ratio,energy consumption,end-to-end delay,and network *** 100 nodes,the proposed protocol achieved a 13%improvement in packet delivery ratio,10 ms improvement in delay,and 10 mJ improvement in average energy consumption over LoRaWAN.

关键词： Internet of Things wireless sensor networks traffic load clustering routing energy efficiency

Status adaptive routing with delayed rebroadcast scheme in AODV-based MANETs

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2008年第3期15卷 82-86页

作者： LI Ting TANG Rui-bo JI Hong Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications Ministry of Education Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

An efficient solution is proposed in this article to determine the best reliable route and to prolong the lifetime of the mobile Ad-hoc networks （MANETs）. In the proposed solution, the route discovery process of the Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol （AODV） has been modified using a novel delayed rebroadcast scheme. It combines the shortest route selection criterion of AODV with the real network status including the wireless link quality, the remaining power capacity, as well as the traffic load at each node. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly extend the network lifetime and provide fewer packet losses than the conventional AODV protocol.

关键词： MANETs AODV route discovery energy efficient wireless link quality traffic load

SPN-Based Performance Analysis of Multiple Users’Behaviors for SNS

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Journal of Information Hiding and Privacy Protection 2022年第1期4卷 1-13页

作者： Zhiguo Hong Yongbin Wang Minyong Shi School of Data Science and Media Intelligence Communication University of ChinaBeijing100024China Collaborative Innovation Center Communication University of ChinaBeijing100024China State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication Communication University of ChinaBeijing100024China School of Computer and Cyber Sciences Communication University of ChinaBeijing100024China

With the rapid development of various applications of Information Technology,big data are increasingly generated by social network services(SNS)*** designers and providers of SNS distribute different client applications for PC,Mobile phone,IPTV etc.,so that users can obtain related service via mobile or traditional *** scalability and considerably short time delay are important indices for evaluating social network *** a result,investigating and mining the principle of users’behaviors is an important issue which can guide service providers to establish optimal systems with *** the basis of analyzing the characteristics of social network system,this paper constructed a Stochastic Petri Net(SPN)model for describing the behaviors of three users for ***,the scalability of users’behaviors of SNS was studied by extending the SPN model of three users to the one of four ***,average time delay was chosen as the performance index to evaluate the performance of these two constructed SPN models with Stochastic Petri Net Package(SPNP)*** different parameters of number of connections,traffic load and buffer size,various trends and numerical results are derived *** methodology of modeling and simulation in this paper can be further used to study the performance of SNS.

关键词： Social network petri nets performance analysis traffic load