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Overview of Taiwan's Indigenous Ethnopharmacology in the Perspective of traditional knowledge Protection

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第12期21卷 949-954页

作者：郭菁菁潘威陈美婉王春明王一涛 Department of Agronomy Taiwan University State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of Macao

Ethnopharmacology, the study of ethnic use of drugs, opens up the crucial gateway to understanding and promoting traditional medicine in the new age. Taiwan is a unique region where traditional medicine and herbal therapeutics have been benefiting its people of multiple races for centuries. This article overviews Taiwan＇s indigenous traditional medicine and the emerging status of ethnopharmacology study, and outlines the globa~ scenario of the inheritance and development of traditional medicine. In such a scope of knowledge protection, this article particularly highlights the challenges with bioprospecting and biopiracy, and summarizes the current measures for protection of traditional knowledge in Taiwan. Finally, based upon these analyses, we propose rational strategies for promoting Taiwan＇s ethnopharmacology, from multiple angles of resource, economy, policy and law. We conclude that four measures, namely （1） protecting the natural environment of biodiversity, （2） avoiding unnecessary conflicts caused by bioprospecting and biopiracy, （3） strengthening the international collaboration, and （4） upgrading the legal system of traditional intelligence, would be the right paths for Taiwan to protect its invaluable heritage of traditional medicine and the knowledge of ethnoDharmacoloov therein.

关键词： ethnopharmacology traditional medicine traditional knowledge Taiwan

Sino-Russian cooperation on the sustainable utilization of Arctic biological resources: modernizing traditional knowledge

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Advances in Polar Science 2020年第3期31卷 224-232页

作者： Ying LUO Li YANG Andrew Alexandrovich LOBANOV Sergei Vasilevich ANDRONOV Lidiya Petrovna LOBANOVA South China Business College Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510545China Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Guangzhou 510006China National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationMoscow 121099Russian Federation Department of Medical Research Arctic Research Scientific Centre of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous OkrugNadym 629730Russian Federation

Considering the effects of global warming,humans need to face the possibility of an ice-free Arctic during summer.Russia spans Eurasia and occupies more Arctic lands than any other country.This vast area has a great variety of species,and the geography and environment of the Arctic have endowed these species with unique and valuable properties.All the world’s ancient nations have their traditional knowledge.The indigenous traditional knowledge of the Arctic and the knowledge embedded in traditional Chinese medicine are part of the world’s time-honored wisdom.Some of this ancient lore cannot be verified by modern scientific methods,but the methods are effective in practice,triggering further exploration and innovation.Russian Arctic indigenous people have a long history of using the Arctic biological resources.The use of therapeutic materials in traditional Chinese medicine has many similarities with the use of Arctic biological resources by indigenous peoples.Both types of traditional knowledge can inspire new approaches to the development of the Arctic biological resources.China and Russia are among the world’s largest countries,and it is important that they cooperate in developing the Arctic biological resources.The development of sustainable use of these resources,while updating traditional knowledge,is an urgently needed investment that requires an innovative approach.

关键词： Arctic biological resources sustainable development traditional knowledge

Ethnobotany of food,medicinal,construction and household utilities producing plants in Cikaniki,Gunung Halimun Salak National Park,Indonesia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 163-181页

作者： Asih Perwita DEWI Peniwidiyanti PENIWIDIYANTI Muhammad Rifqi HARIRI Prima Wahyu Kusuma HUTABARAT Irfan MARTIANSYAH Intani Quarta LAILATY Ahmad MUNAWIR Misbah Satria GIRI Ervan AMBARITA Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km.46CibinongWest Java16911Indonesia Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km.46CibinongWest Java16911Indonesia Research Center for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardensand ForestryNational Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Ir.H.Juanda No.18BogorWest Java16112Indonesia Directorate of Conservation Area Planning Jl.Juanda No.15BogorWest Java16112Indonesia Gunung Halimun Salak National Park Jl.Raya CipanasKabandunganSukabumiWest Java43368Indonesia Unit PLTP Gunung Salak.Pamijahan PT Indonesia Power Kamojang POMUBogorWest Java16810Indonesia Botani Tropika Indonesia Foundation(BOTANIKA) Jl.Seruni No.25Bogor.West Java16112Indonesia

The community living around the Cikaniki Area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park(CAGHSNP)uses various plants to fulfill their needs.Their habits are related to indigenous knowledge of using plants as food,medicine,construction,and household utilities,which dynamic societal changes have not displaced.This study aimed to inventory and update potential plants used as food,medicine,construction,and household utilities by local communities in the Cikaniki area,and measure and analyze their cultural and ethnobotanical value.This study objected to five hamlets in the Cikaniki at Malasari Village,Nanggung District,Bogor Regency,West Java,Indonesia.The quantitative analysis was calculated based on the Informant Consensus Factor,Fidelity Level,and Use Value.We analyzed the qualitative data based on the data collection through observation,interviews,and documentation from informants and respondents in five hamlets.The study recorded 199 plant species from 75 families used by the community of CA-GHSNP.The most utilized species in Cikaniki were Staurogyne elongata,Caryota mitis,Blumea balsamifera,Castanopsis argentea,Pilea melastomoides,and Piper betle.There are 72 species of plants used as food,122species for medicinal purposes,and 50 species of plants used for construction and household utilities.The potential plant species in the CA-GHSNP,their utilization categories,and recommendation for conservation strategy are discussed.

关键词： Cikaniki Fidelity level Informant consensus factor Plant conservation traditional knowledge Use value

Ethnobotany and Indigenous traditional knowledge in Brazil: Contributions to Research in Ecopsychology

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Journal of Psychological Research 2021年第1期3卷 49-60页

作者： Maria do Carmo Pereira Santos Tito Jonas Carvalho e Silva Biologist PhD candidate at the Graduate Program in Environmental SciencesFederal University of TocantinsBrazil PhD in clinical psychology and culture(University of Brasília).German Chancellor Fellow(2019)at the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation/TU Dortmund University Germany

This paper is the result of an investigation of the flora and traditionalknowledge in the conception of Javaé indigenous people from the Txuirivillage located on Bananal Island, Brazil. The objective is to investigatethe plants used by these indigenous people, their diverse uses and tounderstand how traditional knowledge is passed on to new generations.This is a qualitative, descriptive and interdisciplinary survey, whose datacollection strategies included the application of semi-structured questionnairesand collection of plants for cataloguing according to AngiospermPhylogeny Group or APG III (2009). We identified 26 plant species, usedfor various purposes such as medicinal use, food, construction, craft andcultural, which were deposited in the Herbarium of the Federal Universityof Tocantins. Roots, stem and leaf are the plant parts most used bythe community. The plants mentioned were most frequently found on thebanks of the Javaés River and in the backyard of the residences. Significanttraditional knowledge of these people about the plants are transmittedto new generations, through visual, orality and experimentation. Ethnobotanicalstudies strengthen research in ecopsychology while allowingresearch into the interactions between human populations and plants.

关键词： Plants Ecopsychology Javaépeople Brazil traditional knowledge

Therapeutic roles of plants for 15 hypothesised causal bases of Alzheimer’s disease

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2022年第1期12卷 530-566页

作者： Sheena E.B.Tyler Luke D.K.Tyler John Ray Research Field Station CheshireUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddUK

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is progressive and ultimately fatal,with current drugs failing to reverse and cure it.This study aimed to find plant species which may provide therapeutic bioactivities targeted to causal agents proposed to be driving AD.A novel toolkit methodology was employed,whereby clinical symptoms were translated into categories recognized in ethnomedicine.These categories were applied to find plant species with therapeutic effects,mined from ethnomedical surveys.Survey locations were mapped to assess how this data is at risk.Bioactivities were found of therapeutic relevance to 15 hypothesised causal bases for AD.107 species with an ethnological report of memory improvement demonstrated therapeutic activity for all these 15 causal bases.The majority of the surveys were found to reside within biodiversity hotspots(centres of high biodiversity under threat),with loss of traditional knowledge the most common threat.Our findings suggest that the documented plants provide a large resource of AD thera-peutic potential.In demonstrating bioactivities targeted to these causal bases,such plants may have the capacity to reduce or reverse AD,with promise as drug leads to target multiple AD hallmarks.However,there is a need to preserve ethnomedical knowledge,and the habitats on which this knowledge depends.

关键词： Medicinal plants Alzheimer’s Causal basis Ethnomedicine traditional knowledge

Botanical drugs for bruises used in the Xiangxi region of China, a place rich in martial culture

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traditional Medicine Research 2023年第11期8卷 45-54页

作者： Jian-Wu He Hong-Tao Gao Xuan Liu Qiang Li Jin Luo Jin Yan Bin-Sheng Luo National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides Jishou UniversityJishou 416000China College of Biology and Environmental Science Jishou UniversityJishou 416000China Lushan Botanical Garden Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesLushan 332900China.

Background:Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,located in Hunan Province,China,is a culturally rich region with a diverse population.The locals have a deep martial arts history and possess a wealth of traditional knowledge for treating bruises.Methods:In order to investigate this topic,we conducted ethnobotanical studies by visiting local medicinal markets and conducting interviews.Results:We identified 43 botanical drugs used for treating bruises,categorized into four types:sprains,contusions,strains,and bone injuries.The local people typically prefer to mash these botanical drugs freshly or make medicinal wine for external use.Treatment often involves a combination of drugs to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis,with medications to dispel rheumatism,clear heat,and detoxify,tailored to the humid climate and high precipitation in mountainous areas.Based on the fidelity level values,the local plant resources with high acceptance,utilization,or potential value in the treatment of bruises included Sargentodoxa cuneata,Lycopodium japonicum,Dioscorea cirrhosa,Panax japonicus,Achyranthes bidentata,Lysimachia heterogenea and so on.Conclusion:Herbal medicine and related knowledge for treating bruises are diverse and rich in the Xiangxi region.However,the local traditional medicinal knowledge faces challenges regarding inheritance due to regional modernization.Therefore,it is crucial to protect and further study this knowledge in the future.

关键词： bruises medicinal plants ethnobotany Xiangxi traditional knowledge

Presentation System of traditional knowledge Associated with Biodiversity on TeleAtlas3.3-Mongolian

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Presentation System of Traditional Knowledge Associated with...

Skincare plants of the Naxi of NW Yunnan, China

2012年管理与服务科学国际会议(MASS2012)

作者： LI Dongdong LV Liang GUO Luo ZHAO Songting College of Life and Environmental Sciences Minzu University of China Landscape ecology laboratory Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture

This paper introduces the application of TeleAtlas3.3 on traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity of Mongolia. Based on the investigation on traditional resources and categories system of traditional knowledge of Mongolia, this paper designs the web pages of ethnic characteristics of Mongolia, such as traditional genetic resources, traditional medicine, and traditional culture. By using the software TeleAtlas 3.3, the study results have a presentation of traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity of Mongolia. It has great importance on the protection and dissemination of traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity of Mongolia.

关键词： visulization traditional knowledge TeleAtlas presentation system

来源： cnki会议评论

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Plant Diversity 2020年第6期42卷 473-478页

作者： Yanqiang Zhao Zexing Yang Bayi Lang Manfred Shao Wu Meng Dayuan Xue Lu Gao Lixin Yang College of Forestry and Vocational Technology in Yunnan Kunming650224YunnanChina Department of Reproductive Genetics the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032YunnanChina Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous knowledge Kunming650034YunnanChina Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityNC27708USA Minzu University of China Beijing10081China Yunnan Minzu University Kunming650031YunnanChina

The Naxi of Northwest Yunnan,China use medicinal plants to treat skin conditions related to traditional lifestyles in extreme environments.However,modernization endangers both the medicinal plants used to treat skin conditions and traditional knowledge.Therefore,investigation and documentation of the medicinal plants used and associated traditional knowledge is necessary.In this study,we conducted an ethnobotanical survey in 12 Naxi communities in Northwest Yunnan.For this purpose,we used semistructured surveys to interview 840 informants from Naxi communities.We used informant consensus factor and use frequency as quantitative indices to evaluate the importance of medicinal plant species.A total of 161 medicinal plant species belonging to 69 families were documented.The highest informant consensus factor(ICF)values were recorded for skin nourishing(ICF?0.849),frostbite and chapped skin(ICF?0.833).These skin treatments are highly related to the environment and lifestyle of Naxi communities.The main active compounds of plants used to treat skin conditions in Naxi communities are known to have skin-treating properties.This study reveals that the skin conditions treated by the Naxi are associated with traditional medicine culture and social economic development.In addition,this study uses ethnobotanical indices to explain how skin condition treatments are linked to the natural environment of Naxi communities.

关键词： Skincare plants traditional knowledge Naxi NW Yunnan

Native useful vascular plants of China:A checklist and use patterns

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Plant Diversity 2021年第2期43卷 134-141页

作者： Huifu Zhuang Chen Wang Yanan Wang Tao Jin Rong Huang Zihong Lin Yuhua Wang Service Center for Information Technology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China

Of all types of interactions between humans and plants,the utilization of plants by people is the most direct and influential.China has a long history of using native plants and a large body of recorded knowledge on uses.Here,we present an inventory of plant uses in China based on an extensive survey of the literature.Twelve categories of usage are recognized(medicinal,edible,etc.),these categories being chosen according to an integration of various current standards.A total of 50,521 use-citations were recorded,covering 10,808 species and infraspecies,representing 28%of the Chinese flora.Additional information is included in the dataset on taxonomy and endangerment status.Analysis of the data reveals that the eight plant families with the greatest numbers of species used in China,namely Asteraceae,Fabaceae,Rosaceae,Ranunculaceae,Poaceae,Lamiaceae,Orchidaceae,and Liliaceae,are also the top eight most species-rich Chinese plant families.However,there are some families that are overrepresented or under-representation in certain use categories,compared with their relative abundance in the total flora.There are indications that rare and endangered species are being subject to some degree of over-exploitation.A disproportionately high number of used species are Chinese endemics(3552 species,representing over 33%of used species).A total of 20%of used species have been classified as threatened nationally or globally,according to at least one of the various threat assessments that have been made for the Chinese flora.This comprehensive inventory of the useful plants of China,with relevant ethnobotanical information included,provides a baseline for further studies of plant resources.It will be useful in follow-up research.The scientific dataset it contains will be useful for the protection and sustainable utilization of plant resources in China.

关键词： Useful plants Ethnobotany Plant diversity traditional knowledge China