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traditional ecological knowledge and Practices of Ethnic Kyrgyz of the Eastem Pamir in Ethnotoponyms

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2017年第12期7卷 662-671页

作者： Jyldyz Doolbekova National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic

The author analyzes ethnotoponyms, the local place names of Kyrgyz people living in the Murgab region of Tajikistan＇s Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous region. The author conducted field research in the region in 2010-2015. The article also builds on data from the works of pre-Soviet Russian and western travelers, who studied the region at middle 19th early 20th centuries. The author concludes that local place names given by Kyrgyz people to the mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys reflect the unique features of natural landscapes of Eastern Pamir as well as Kyrgyz nomads＇ empirical observations of natural phenomena and processes, livelihoods and nomadic values.

关键词： ethnotoponyms local place names traditional ecological knowledge natural and cultural heritage Kyrgyz people in Murgab Eastern Pamir

Application of traditional ecological knowledge in Food and Water Security in the Semi-Arid Turkana County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第6期10卷 321-340页

作者： Cecilia Mwango Ratemo George Morara Ogendi Guangwei Huang Rhoda N. Ondieki Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Sophia University Tokyo Japan Department of Environmental Science Egerton University Njoro Kenya Dryland Research Training and Ecotourism Centre Chemeron Kenya

Weather extremes negatively affect socioeconomic developments in arid and semi-arid areas (ASALs) and increase vulnerability of residents to food and water insecurity. Thus, communities adapt to such extremes of weather using traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and/or Modern Technologies. Modern farming technologies and land resource developments in ASALs have in past ignored TEK, and in most cases led to undesired outcomes. It’s against this backdrop that this study was conceived to assess TEK among the Turkana people, its application and contribution to food and water security. The research adopted a cross-sectional social survey in collecting data from Central Turkana Sub-County residents. The study revealed that the Turkana people possess vast knowledge related to their environment;that this TEK plays a significant role in food production, preservation and in natural resource management. For instance, in 82% of the respondents use TEK in enhancing livestock production through the selection of livestock species that are suitable and drought tolerant;over 70% of them use TEK in reducing risk associated with livestock losses due to prolonged droughts. Further, TEK influenced the development and conservation of the water resources (r = 0.631;p < 0.01) including siting boreholes and wells. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.755;p < 0.01) between TEK and food security. TEK should be incorporated into the decision-making processes involving development projects within the ASALs.

关键词： Arid and Semi-Arid Lands Climate Variability Droughts Food Security traditional ecological knowledge Water Security

Effects of traditional ecological knowledge on the Droughtresistant Mechanisms of the Hani Rice Terraces System

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2016年第3期7卷 211-217页

作者：李静焦雯珺闵庆文李文华中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

The Hani Rice Terraces System is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS） sites which can successfully resist extreme *** reason is not only that the forests and terraces have the important function of water conservation,which provide and conserve adequate water resources for this complex ecosystem,but also that Hani traditional ecological knowledge plays an important role in the drought-resistance *** this paper,drought-resistant mechanisms of the Hani Rice Terraces System have been analyzed first,then Hani traditional ecological knowledge has been analyzed based on a comprehensive literature review,a questionnaire survey and key informant *** results show that the Hani nationality has developed knowledge of water management techniques,including water conserving construction,water allocation and ditch *** Hani people are also highly conscious of water resources *** is a good deal of forest resource management knowledge and worship of forests,which have effectively helped in protecting the forest ecological *** the reclamation and maintenance of Hani terraced fields,the Hani people have developed a series of farming systems,which have effectively protected the terrace *** analyzing this knowledge of water management,forest resource management and Hani terraced fields management,our paper confirms the important role that traditional ecological knowledge plays in maintaining stability of the system and realizing the efficient use of water *** is not only helpful for preserving cultural heritage,but is vital for protecting the Hani Rice Terraces System as a whole.

关键词： Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) Hani Rice Terraces System drought resistant mechanisms traditional ecological knowledge

Integrated watershed management:evolution,development and emerging trends

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 967-994页

作者： Guangyu Wang Shari Mang Haisheng Cai Shirong Liu Zhiqiang Zhang Liguo Wang John L.Innes Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia College of Land Resources and Environment Jiangxi Agriculture University Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionChinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry University

Watershed management is an ever-evolving practice involving the management of land, water, biota, and other resources in a defined area for ecological, social, and economic purposes. In this paper, we explore the following questions： How has watershed management evolved？ What new tools are available and how can they be integrated into sustainable watershed management？ To address these questions, we discuss the process of developing integrated watershed management strategies for sustainable manage- ment through the incorporation of adaptive management techniques and traditional ecological knowledge. We address the numerous benefits from integration acrossdisciplines and jurisdictional boundaries, as well as the incorporation of technological advancements, such as remote sensing, GIS, big data, and multi-level social-eco- logical systems analysis, into watershed management strategies. We use three case studies from China, Europe, and Canada to review the success and failure of integrated watershed management in addressing different ecological, social, and economic dilemmas in geographically diverse locations. Although progress has been made in watershed management strategies, there are still numerous issues impeding successful management outcomes; many of which can be remedied through holistic management approaches, incorporation of cutting-edge science and technology, and cross-jurisdictional coordination. We conclude by high- lighting that future watershed management will need to account for climate change impacts by employing techno- logical advancements and holistic, cross-disciplinary approaches to ensure watersheds continue to serve their ecological, social, and economic functions. We present three case studies in this paper as a valuable resource for scientists, resource managers, government agencies, and other stakeholders aiming to improve integrated watershed management strategies and more efficiently and successfully achieve ecological and socio-economic ma

关键词： Adaptive management Climate change impacts Social-ecological systems analysis traditional ecological knowledge Watershed management

Classification and management of community forests in Indian Eastern Himalayas:implications on ecosystem services,conservation and livelihoods

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ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 297-311页

作者： Ranjay K.Singh Shah M.Hussain T.Riba Anshuman Singh Egul Padung Orik Rallen Y.J.Lego Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj College of Horticulture and Forestry Central Agricultural UniversityPasighatArunachal Pradesh 791102India ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute KarnalHaryana 132001India Doying Gumin College East SiangPasighatArunachal PradeshIndia Pasighat India

Introduction:Evidence is mounting that traditional knowledge can play a critical role in shaping the biodiversity conservation strategies and maintaining ecosystem *** study was conducted with Adi community of Arunachal Pradesh(Ar P)state in the Eastern Indian Himalayas to understand as how local systems of forest classification governs conservation tradition and influences subsistence *** Adi villages were sampled from East Siang district of Ar P.A total of 197 men and 204 women(total of 401)Adi respondents were selected for this study.A combination of methodologies including in-depth interview,transect walks,focus group discussion,participant observation and informal interactions were combined for data ***:Local forests are classified into 10 different categories based on indicators such as topography,cultural significance,use typology,ownership rights and plant diversity *** people assign different values(economic,cultural and ecological)to different forest ***,morang followed by regpi and homegardens are perceived to be more valuable to the local needs than other forests with relative ranking of a particular forest reflecting its *** access several diverse services from these community-managed *** to men(3–35%),the role of women was assessed to be much higher(65 to 100%)in conserving forest ***-led practices,instrumental in sustainable forest management,included deliberate manipulations of micro-habitats,sustainable harvesting strategies and species *** were mostly involved in ownership and decision-making roles and in devising social norms to ensure *** celebrate a number of cultural events to sustain ***-based livelihoods are intrinsically connected to forest resource conservation and are governed by community *** of the community members gather plants,hunt wild animals and access other ecosystem se

关键词： Adi tribe Forest classification traditional ecological knowledge Indigenous institutions Ecosystem services Conservation Livelihoods

Why we gather:traditional gathering in native Northwest California and the future of bio-cultural sovereignty

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ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 165-174页

作者： Cutcha Risling Baldy Native American Studies University of California-Davis2401 Hart HallOne Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

Introduction:The concept of bio-cultural sovereignty is drawn from Native American Studies scholar Stefano Varese who explores the daily forms of biological and cultural resistance and adaptation in South *** article extends Varese’s notions by exploring biological and cultural resistance in Native California with a particular focus on the continuing cultural practice of ***:This article provides a case study analysis of the Lyng *** Indian Cemetery Protective Association(1988)Supreme Court case and uses traditional ecological knowledge to evaluate how bio-cultural sovereignty is affected by federal land management policies and Western constructions of ecology and the *** methods are based in an interdisciplinary approach that embraces theoretical notions from linguistics,cultural anthropology,law,environmental justice,history,ecology,and Native American ***:As a practitioner of traditional ecological knowledge,I offer an analysis of ecological gathering practices to argue that policies,procedures,methodologies,or experiments should be designed in a way that acknowledges the indigenous bio-cultural sovereignty of the land ***:Tribes have enacted and continue to enact bio-cultural sovereignty,which solidifies their relationship with the *** policies can be used to protect Native interests and to develop a relationship between Native peoples and other *** agencies can benefit from these partnerships as tribes can offer assistance to care for these land spaces,state agencies can alleviate potential funding issues for maintaining these areas,and researchers and academics can construct knowledge that incorporates traditional ecological practices to build solid,informed best practices.

关键词： traditional ecological knowledge Native American Gathering Bio-cultural sovereignty

The effects of indigenous prescribed fire on riparian vegetation in central California

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ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 245-253页

作者： Don L Hankins Department of Geography and Planning California State University-ChicoChicoCAUSA

Introduction:Fire has a long history,but little documented role,as a process in riparian *** millennia California Indians have applied fire to riparian ecosystems for a variety of purposes,but the effects of such fires on riparian vegetation are poorly known outside of traditional knowledge structures of indigenous ***:This study involved the seasonal application of fire based on traditional ecological knowledge versus alternate burn methods to assess fire effects on riparian vegetation in central ***:While the annual variation amongst treatments was not significant,the results of this study suggest that fall burns support higher overall richness and native species richness;spring burns yield a decrease in overall richness,but an increase in native species richness;and summer burns contribute to an initial decline in overall and native species *** evenness indices of treatments increase most with spring and summer ***:These findings are key to understanding the seasonal role of fire in managing native species in areas prone to non-native or other invasive *** research demonstrates the application of traditional ecological knowledge to facilitate an understanding of how prescribed fire could aid in the management and conservation of riparian ecosystems.

关键词： Riparian California Indian Fire Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge

Ancient fish weir technology for modern stewardship: lessons from community-based salmon monitoring

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第6期3卷 2-8页

作者： William I.Atlas William G.Houstya Audrey Beliveau Bryant DeRoy Grant Callegarie Mike Reid Jonathan W.Moore Qqs Projects Society Bella BellaCanada Earth to Ocean Research Group Dep artment of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyCanada Heiltsuk Integrated Resource Management Department Bella BellaCanada Department of Statistics University of Brtish ColumbiaVancouverCanada Hakai Institute Heriot BayCanada

Introduction:The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states that indigenous people have a fundamental right to contribute to the management of the resources that support their *** are vital to the economy and culture of First Nations in coastal British Columbia,*** this region,traditional systems of management including weirs-fences built across rivers to selectively harvest salmon-supported sustainable fisheries for *** the late-19th century traditional fishing practices were banned as colonial goverments consolidated control over ***:In collaboration with the Hei ltsuk First Nation we revived the practice of weir building in the Koeye *** the first four years of the project we tagged 1,226 sockeye,and counted 8,036 fish during fall stream *** used a mark-recapture model which accounted for both pre-spawn mortality due to variation in temperature,and tag loss,to produce the first mark-resight estimates of sockeye abundance in the watershed(4,600-15,000 escapement).Discussion:High river temperatures are associated with increased en route morality in migrating adult *** estimated pre-spawn mortality ranged from 8-72%across the four years of study,highlighting the degree to which climate conditions may dictate future viability in sockeye salmon *** results demonstrate the power of fusing traditional knowledge and management systems with contemporary scientific approaches in developing local monitoring.

关键词： Local management traditional ecological knowledge First Nations salmon food fisheries mark-recapture

Common and conflicting objectives and practices of herders and conservation managers:the need for a conservation herder

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第4期2卷 1-17页

作者： Zsolt Molnar Jozsef Kis Csaba Vadasz Laszlo Papp Istvan Sandor Sandor Beres Gabor Sinka Anna Varga MTA Centre for ecological Research 2163VacratotAlkotmany u.2-4.Hungary Freelance cattle herder 4060BalmazujvarosKiskallo koz 3.Hungary Kiskunsag National Park 6001KecskemetLiszt F.u.19.Hungary Freelance cattle herder 6794UllesRuzsai u.l 4.Hungaryl Zoo Budapest 1146Budapestallatkerti krt.6-12.Hungaryl ELTE Institute of Ethnography and FolkloreDepartment of Material Ethnography1088BudapestMuzeum krt.6-8.Hungary Balaton Uplands National Park 8229CsopakKossuth u.16.Hungary

The mutual dependence of extensive land-use and conservation management has become appar-ent in Europe in the last 20-30 *** land-use often survives in protected areas only,in the form of conservation *** of extensive herding and that of conservation management are parts of two knowledge systems(traditional and scientific)which often leads to conflicts between locals and *** studied two herding/conservation systems(salt steppes and wood-pastures),and devel-oped an inventory on the common/similar and conflicting/different objectives and pasture management practices of herders and *** were collected by participatory knowledge co-production in teamwork of the co-authors(herders,conservation managers,and scientists).Data were analyzed and discussed in teamwork *** and conservationists identified 23 objectives and 29 management *** found a number of common interests with respect to herding,the ideal state of pastures,legal provisions,and *** resolution recommendations(e.g.,on time and place of grazing,pasture improvements)were also *** argue that by co-production of knowledge,and establish-ment of a herder“school”the mitigation of the existing conflicts would be more *** conclusion is that a new profession is needed:that of the conservation *** conservation herder shall be an indi-vidual knowledgeable about herding and pasture management,trained in conservation and ecology,able to design management experiments,and develop novel but tradition-based management *** such,he/she could facilitate adaptation of extensive herding in the changing socio-economic environment.

关键词： agri-environment schemes extensive grazing and herding extensive land-use Hungary pasture man-agement salt steppe Special Feature:Ecosystem Management in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe traditional ecological knowledge wood-pasture