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toxocariasis:a silent threat with a progressive public health impact

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 570-582页

作者： Jia Chen Quan Liu Guo-Hua Liu Wen-Bin Zheng Sung-Jong Hong Hiromu Sugiyama Xing-Quan Zhu Hany M.Elsheikha State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology Lanzhou Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences1 XujiapingYanchangbuLanzhouGansu Province 730046People’s Republic of China Ningbo University School of Medicine NingboZhejiang ProvincePeople’s Republic of China Military Veterinary Institute Academy of Military Medical SciencesKey Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and ControlChangchunJilin ProvincePeople’s Republic of China College of Veterinary Medicine Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan ProvincePeople’s Republic of China Department of Medical Environmental Biology Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Department of Parasitology National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughUK

Background:toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis that afflicts millions of the pediatric and adolescent populations worldwide,especially in impoverished *** disease is caused by infection with the larvae of Toxocara canis and ***,the most ubiquitous intestinal nematode parasite in dogs and cats,*** this article,recent advances in the epidemiology,clinical presentation,diagnosis and pharmacotherapies that have been used in the treatment of toxocariasis are *** text:Over the past two decades,we have come far in our understanding of the biology and epidemiology of ***,lack of laboratory infrastructure in some countries,lack of uniform case definitions and limited surveillance infrastructure are some of the challenges that hindered the estimation of global disease *** encompasses four clinical forms:visceral,ocular,covert and *** or misdiagnosis of any of these disabling conditions can result in severe health consequences and considerable medical care ***,multiple diagnostic modalities are available,which if effectively used together with the administration of appropriate pharmacologic therapies,can minimize any unnecessary patient ***:Although progress has been made in the management of toxocariasis patients,there remains much work to be *** of new technologies and better understanding of the pathogenesis of toxocariasis can identify new diagnostic biomarkers,which may help in increasing diagnostic ***,further clinical research breakthroughs are needed to develop better ways to effectively control and prevent this serious disease.

关键词： Toxocara canis toxocariasis Zoonosis Larva migrans Epidemiology Diagnosis Control

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Disseminated toxocariasis in an immunocompetent host

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第10期4卷 838-840页

作者： Madan Raj Aryal Paras Karmacharya Amrit Pokharel Smith Giri Ranjan Pathak Richard Alweis Department of Medicine Reading Health SystemPA 19611USA Department of Medicine Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal Department of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science CenterTN 38163USA

toxocariasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Toxocara canis,or less commonly,Toxocara cati,which is one of the most common zoonotic infections *** commonly affects the pediatric and immunocompromised population;however,it has rarely been reported in the immunocompetent *** of the well-recognized syndromes in children are visceral larva migrans and ocular larva *** in adults usually ranges from asymptomatic to nonspecific symptoms which makes the diagnosis challenging.A case of 36 year-old male was presented with disseminated toxocariasis with pulmonary and hepatic involvement and striking peripheral eosinophilia.

关键词： toxocariasis Toxocara canis Mebendazole Albendazole

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A case report of ocular toxocariasis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第2期1卷 164-165页

作者： Azira NMS Zeehaida M Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia

Ocular toxocariasis is prevalent among *** symptoms and signs may mimic other ocular pathologies such as malignancies and other infectious diseases(such as toxoplasmosis and syphilis). We presented a case of progressive blurring of vision in a single eye of a 9-year-old *** presence of anti-toxocara antibody in serum samples helps to confirmation the diagnosis in our *** of treatment,the boy had lost his vision on the affected eye.

关键词： Ocular toxocariasis Ocular larva migrant Toxocara cati Vision

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Human toxocariasis Presenting with Fever and Colestatic Hepatitis: An Underestimated but Current Zoonosis

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第7期3卷 595-597页

作者： Vera Sicbaldi Andrea Bellodi Valerio Del Bono Eleonora Arboscello Riccardo Ghio Clinic of Infectious Disease IRCSS San Martino IST Genoa Italy Clinic of Internal Medicine 3 IRCSS San Martino IST Genoa Italy

Human toxocariasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by ingestion of Toxocara canis or catis larvae or eggs. Parasitic diseases are uncommon in industrialized countries, yet this problem has not disappeared. Parasitic diseases can cause different syndrome (visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans) and the clinical features can be confusing. Severe organ involvement affecting the liver, lungs, nervous central system and eyes can lead to serious damage. We present a case of toxocariasis presenting with fever, desaturation and cholestatic hepatitis. Only the subsequent appearance of eosinophilia helped us to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis allowed specific therapy avoiding permanent complications.

关键词： toxocariasis Visceral Larva Migrans Ocular Larva Migrans Parasitosis Cholestatic Hepatitis Eosinophilia

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Toxocara optic neuropathy: clinical features and ocular findings

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第3期11卷 520-523页

作者： Kwang-Dong Choi Jae-Hwan Choi Seo-Young Choi Jae Ho Jung Department of Neurology Pusan National University Hospital Medical Research Institute Pusan National University Department of Neurology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Department of Ophthalmology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital

We evaluated thirteen eyes of twelve patients diagnosed clinically and serologically with Toxocara optic neuropathy. Eleven patients had unilateral involvement and one patient had bilateral optic neuropathy. Eight patients （66.7%） had a possible infection source to Toxocara. Six patients （50%） had painless acute optic neuropathy. Ten eyes had asymmetric, sectorial optic disc edema with peripapillary infiltration and three eyes had diffuse optic disc edema. Eosinophilia was noted in five patients （41.7%） and optic nerve enhancement was observed in eight of eleven eyes （72.7%） with available orbit magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. Mean visual acuity significantly improved following treatment [mean logarithmic of the minimum angle of resolution （IogMAR） 0.94±0.56 at baseline and 0.47±0.59 at the final （P=0.02）]. Asymmetric optic disc edema with a peripapillary lesion and a history of raw meat ingestion were important clues for diagnosing Toxocara optic neuropathy. Additionally, Toxocara IgG enzymelinked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） test and evaluating eosinophil may be helpful for diagnosis.

关键词： optic neuropathy toxocariasis ocular toxocariasis Toxocara optic neuropathy

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Anti-Toxocara *** in an adult healthy population:serosurvey and risk factors in Southeast Brazil

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第3期3卷 211-216页

作者： Elaine Cristina Negri Vamilton Alvares Santarem Guita Rubinsky-Elefant Rogerio Giuffrida Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pos-GraduacaoRod.Raposo Tavares km 572Bairro Limoeiro19067-175 Presidente PrudenteSao PauloBrazil Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching-Hospital-Unoeste-Rod.Raposo Tavares km 572Bairro Linmeiro19067-175 Presidente PrudenteSao Paulo.Brazil Laboratory of Seroepidemiology and Immunobiology-Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo-University of Sao Paulo Av Dr Eneas deCarralho Aguiar 47005403-000 Sao PauloSPBrazil Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching-Hospital-Unoeste-Rod.Raposo Tavares km 572Bairro Linmeiro19067-175Presidente PrudenteSao Paulo.Brazil

Objective:To evaluate the frequency of anti-Toxocara *** in an adult healthy ***:The study was performed by interviewing 253 blood donors,from 19 to65 years of age,in a hematological centre in Presidente Prudente,S(?)o Paulo,southeast Brazil.A survey was applied to blood donors in order to evaluate the possible factors associated to the presence of antibodies,including individual(gender and age),socioeconomic(scholarship,familial income and sanitary facilities)and habit information(contact with soil,geophagy,onycophagy and intake of raw/undercooked meat)as well as the presence of dogs or cats in the *** test was run for detection of the anti-Toxocara *** *** analysis followed by logistic regression was performed to evaluate the potential risk factors associated to ***:The overall prevalence observed in this study was 8.7%(22/253).Contact with soil was the unique risk factor associated with the presence of antibodies(P=0.0178;0R=3.52;95%CI=1.244-9.995).Conclusions:The results of this study reinforce the necessity in promoting preventive public health measures,even for healthy adult individual,particularly those related to the deworming of pets to avoid the soil contamination,and hygiene education of the population.

关键词： toxocariasis Larva migrans Seroprevalence Diagnostic Epidemiology

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Clinical characteristics and progression of liver abscess caused by toxocara

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第18期8卷 757-761页

作者： Kyung Ho Ha Jung Eun Song Byung Seok Kim Chang Hyeong Lee Department of Internal Medicine Daegu Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDaegu Catholic University

AIM: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and progression of liver abscess caused by ***: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with serum Ig G antibody to Toxocara canis and liver abscess diagnosed using abdominal computed tomography between February 2010 and February 2015. Among 84 patients exhibiting serum Ig G antibody to Toxocara canis, 34 patients were diagnosed with liver asbscess and treated with albendazole. A follow-up period of 1 year was conducted. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 53(34-79) years, with 26(76.5%) patients being male. Twenty-one(61.7%) patients were moderate or heavy drinkers, 23(67.6%) patients had a history of eating raw meat or liver and 6(17.6%) patients owned pet dogs or cats. Main patient symptoms consisted of right upper quadrant pain, fever, and fatigue; 18(52.9%) patients, however, presented with no symptoms. Lung involvement was detected in 444(11.7%) patients. The eosinophil count increased in 29(85.3%) patients at initial diagnosis, and decreased in most patients after albendazole treatment. The initial serum Ig E level increased in 25(73.5%) patients, but exhibited various response levels after albendazole treatment. Liver abscess formation improved in all ***: The liver abscess was improved with albendazole treatment.

关键词： toxocariasis Liver abscess Eosinophilia

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