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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第5期62卷 713-724页

作者： Zengyi Chang School of Life Sciences State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Engineering Research Center for Protein Science Center of History and Philosophy of Science Peking University

The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded one half to Dr. Frances Arnold (of California Institute of Technology,USA) for her work on 'directed evolution of enzymes', the other half to Dr. George Smith (of the University of Missouri, USA) and Sir Gregory Winter (of MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, UK) for their work on 'phage display of peptides and antibodies'.

关键词： The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry towards desired properties via the construction of random libraries Engineering proteins

Wheat and barley biology: towards new frontiers

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第3期61卷 198-203页

作者： Thorsten Schnurbusch Special Issue Editor Independent HEISENBERG-Research Group Plant Architecture Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Corrensstr. 3 OT Gatersleben 06466 Seeland Germany

Among the approximately 30 genera and 360 species .belonging to the tribe Triticeae (subfamily Pooideae, family Poaceae), wheat (Triticum ssp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are economically the most important temperate cereal crops. On a global scale 1x1 in 2016, wheat was ranked second (749 million tons) and barley fourth (141 million tons) in terms of world production (FAO STAT 2018). A considerable amount of our daily carbohydrates and proteins is contributed by both species. Cereals and bread are the major source of energy for all age groups, providing^30% for adults in developed countries, while it can be up to 80% in developing countries (Shewry and Hey 2015).

关键词： Wheat and barley towards new frontiers 360 species

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towards 5G

China Communications 2015年第S1期12卷 4-5页

作者： The Editor

With the commercialization of 4G standards,the R&D of 4G standard has come to an end.The technical innovation will continue in the development of the next generation mobile communication systems.From the perspective of user requirements,the rapid development of smart phones brought Internet from fixed desktop work to mobile terminals,as well as exponential

关键词： terminals exponential desktop continue towards 5G Complexity smart innovative authority bands

towards an optimum saturable absorber for the multi-gigahertz harmonic mode locking of fiber lasers

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Photonics Research 2019年第9期7卷 1094-1100页

作者： JAKUB BOGUSLAWSKI GRZEGORZ SOBON RAFALZYBALA JAROSLAW SOTOR Department of Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 42/4401-224 WarsawPoland Laser & Fiber Electronics Group Faculty of ElectronicsWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWybrzeze Wyspianskiego 2750-370 WroclawPoland University Research Center Functional Materials Warsaw University of TechnologyWoloska 14102-507 WarsawPoland Institute of Electronic Materials Technology Wolczyn′ska 13301-919 WarsawPoland

Ultra-high-pulse-repetition-rate lasers are essential for a number of applications, including, e.g., optical communication and ablation-cooled material processing. Despite several techniques to generate pulses with gigahertzrange repetition rate, incorporating mainly short-length resonators, more widespread applications are still limited by the lack of a robust, simple, and cost-effective solution. Here, we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, fully passive harmonic mode locking in an all-polarization-maintaining(PM) fiber laser. The design guarantees a fixed polarization state and stable operation, where the cavity harmonic number is controlled by the pump power only. Self-starting operation is provided by the antimony telluride(Sb2Te3) thin-film saturable absorber(SA), which facilitates multiple pulse operation. The SA acts by means of low modulation depth, low saturation fluence, and an inverse slope in the saturable absorption curve. The optimum features of the SA and limiting factors for high-repetition-rate pulse generation in this regime of operation are discussed. As a result, 2.2 ps pulses with 3 GHz repetition rate are generated at 1560 nm wavelength. The study reports a new approach towards an optimal SA for multi-gigahertz pulse generation in practical, all-PM fiber lasers.

关键词： SA towards an optimum saturable absorber for the multi-gigahertz harmonic mode locking of fiber lasers

Investigation of attitudes towards organ transplantation in young people in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 1997年第3期 50-55页

作者：刘雅兰雷洪袭法祖

Objective To investigate the attitudes toward organ transplantation, organ donation and recipients in young people in Beijng, Shanghai,and Wuhan. Methods A questionnaire was designed for 3012 young people aged 20 45 years (999 in Beijing, 990 in Shanghai, and 1023 in Wuhan). The data of questionnaire were processed with SPSS software. Results Over 90% of the respondents knew that human organs can be transplanted; over 85% considered that organ transplantation is a welfare undertaking; more than 85% thought that when someone's organ is in critical condition, it is necessary to perform organ transplantaion; over 70% expressed willingness to receive organ transplantation if it is needed or possible. In the mode of organ donation, 70% emphasized that organ donation should be dependent on volunteers and the donor should be rewarded in a certain form. Organ recipients in sequence are relatives, specialized medical institutions, friends, members of volunteer organizations, and others. The factors affecting the attitudes towards organ transplantation are analyzed. Conclusion There is a better attitude toward organ transplantation among young people in cities. The conventional attitudes and feudal habits are one of the major obstacles to the course of organ donation in China.

关键词：雷洪 attitudes towards Investigation people young organ transplantation 雅兰 China

Transmission of photonic polarization states through 55-m water: towards air-to-sea quantum communication

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光子学研究：英文版 2019年第8期7卷 800-804页

作者： CHENG-QIU HU ZENG-QUAN YAN JUN GAO ZHI-QIANG JIAO ZHAN-MING LI WEI-GUAN SHEN YUAN CHEN RUO-JING REN LU-FENG QIAO AI-LIN YANG HAO TANG XIAN-MIN JIN School of Physics and Astronomy State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and NetworksShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

Quantum communication has been rapidly developed due to its unconditional security and successfully implemented through optical fibers and free-space air in experiments. To build a complete quantum communication network involving satellites in space and submersibles in ocean, the underwater quantum channel has been investigated in both theory and experiment. However, the question of whether the polarization encoded qubit can survive through a long-distance and high-loss underwater channel, which is considered as the restricted area for satellite-borne radio waves, still remains. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the transmission of blue-green photonic polarization states through 55-m-long water. We prepare six universal quantum states at the single photon level and observe their faithful transmission in a large marine test platform. We obtain complete information of the channel by quantum process tomography. The distance demonstrated in this work reaches a region allowing potential real applications, representing a step further towards air-to-sea quantum communication.

关键词： QKD Transmission photonic polarization towards air-to-sea quantum communication

Quest towards “factoring larger integers with commercial D-Wave quantum annealing machines”

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第6期62卷 130-130页

作者： XinMei Wang School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University

Integer factorization (IFP), also called prime factorization, is an important problem in number theory, cryptography, and quantum computation. Factoring large integers to attack the RSA cryptosystem is intractable for powerful supercomputers, let alone classical computers. In 1994, Shor [1]presented an algorithm that potentially enabled a quantum computer to find prime factors in polynomial time.

关键词： Quest towards factoring larger integers with commercial D-Wave quantum annealing machines

Empirical Study on the Empowerment of Families Raising Children with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities in Japan: The Association with Positive Feelings towards Child Rearing

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Health 2015年第12期7卷 1725-1740页

作者： Hiroshi Fujioka Rie Wakimizu Ryuta Tanaka Tatsuyuki Ohto Atsushi Ieshima Akira Yoneyama Kiyoko Kamibeppu Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences Tsukuba International University Tsuchiura-Shi Japan Department of Child Health Care Nursing Division of Health Innovation and Nursing Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba-Shi Japan Department of Child Health Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba-Shi Japan Aiseikai Kinen Ibaraki Welfare & Medical Center Mito-Shi Japan National Rehabilitation Center for Children with Disabilities Itabashi-Ku Japan Department of Family Nursing School of Health Sciences and Nursing Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-Ku Japan

Background: “Children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities” refers to children with markedly limited activity due to severe overlapping of physical and intellectual disabilities. The physical and mental burden placed on families raising severely disabled children, particularly the primary caregivers, is great in home settings. For families to effectively utilize services and over-come child rearing problems, the families themselves need the “strength” to cooperate with others for the purpose of raising a severely disabled child. The ultimate goal of family support is to enable such families to achieve satisfaction and self-growth in child rearing. Methods: We used a questionnaire to survey 75 primary caregivers to empirically elucidate the empowerment and positive feelings towards child rearing of families raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities and the related factors. The t-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to examine the association with bivariates. A multiple regression analysis was conducted for empowerment and positive feelings. Results: Results revealed that life events, livelihood, awareness of social support and the child’s sleep problems were factors related to empowerment. Of these, awareness of social support from outside of the family was found to contribute the most to empowerment. Furthermore, improvement and maintenance of positive feelings towards child rearing reaffirmed the existence of empowerment in addition to reducing negative feelings towards child rearing and ensuring social support. Conclusions: Raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities requires specialist knowledge and skills. Support from professionals to empower the entire family is therefore important in order to strengthen positive feelings towards child rearing.

关键词： Children with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities Family Empowerment Positive Feelings towards Child Rearing

Is This a Poem or Notes towards a Poem?——on Margaret Atwood’s Genre

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外语与外语教学 1997年第1期 27-30页

作者：杨俊峰大连外国语学院

文学作品的体裁按照四分法应包括诗歌、小说、散文和戏剧，就诗歌而言，可分为抒情诗和叙事诗。“注释”是否应算作文学体裁家族中的一员则很少有人去探讨。如果“注释”不能算作诗歌，那么，加拿大著名诗人玛格丽特阿特伍德的“Ｎｏｔ... 详细信息

文学作品的体裁按照四分法应包括诗歌、小说、散文和戏剧，就诗歌而言，可分为抒情诗和叙事诗。“注释”是否应算作文学体裁家族中的一员则很少有人去探讨。如果“注释”不能算作诗歌，那么，加拿大著名诗人玛格丽特阿特伍德的“ＮｏｔｅｓＴｏｗａｒｄｓａＰｏｅｍＴｈａｔＣａｎＮｅｖｅｒＢｅＷｒｉｔｔｅｎ”（为一首永远写不成的诗而作的注释）是否应算作诗呢？诗歌的定义又是什么呢？如果说诗歌的基本特征是通过抒发强烈的感受和情绪以反映社会生活，那么，我们应当用一分为二的分析方法来探讨阿特伍德的这些印刷符号。诗可以写不出来，但可以想象出来，甚至口头表达出来。作品中的“你们”、“我们”的关系又是什么？是作者和读者的关系吗？

关键词：阿特伍德定义诗歌文学作品文学体裁 Is Margaret Notes Poem This towards Atwood’s Genre

The　Third　Conference　on　Peace，Disarmament　and　Symbiosis　in　the　Asia－Pacific　Region　towards　21st　Century

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International Understanding 1997年第2期 6-7页

作者： $$$$Shan Xiuzhi

ＴｈｅＴｈｉｒｄＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｎＰｅａｃｅ,ＤｉｓａｒｍａｍｅｎｔａｎｄＳｙｍｂｉｏｓｉｓｉｎｔｈｅＡｓｉａ－ＰａｃｉｆｉｃＲｅｇｉｏｎｔｏｗａｒｄｓ２１ｓＣｅｎｔｕｒｙｂｙＳｈａｎＸｉｕｚｈｉＷｉｔｈｔｈｅ... 详细信息

ＴｈｅＴｈｉｒｄＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｎＰｅａｃｅ,ＤｉｓａｒｍａｍｅｎｔａｎｄＳｙｍｂｉｏｓｉｓｉｎｔｈｅＡｓｉａ－ＰａｃｉｆｉｃＲｅｇｉｏｎｔｏｗａｒｄｓ２１ｓＣｅｎｔｕｒｙｂｙＳｈａｎＸｉｕｚｈｉＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｃｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｎｈａ?..

关键词： Region Pacific towards the Asia