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Merits and limitations of TiO2-based photocatalytic pretreatment of soils impacted by crude oil for expediting bioremediation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 387-394页

作者： Yu Yang Hassan Javed Danning Zhang Deyi Li Roopa Kamath Kevin McVey Kanwartej Sra Pedro J.J. Alvarez Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA Department of Chemistry Rice University Houston TX 77005 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Chevron Energy Technology Company Houston TX 77002 USA

Heavy hydrocarbons （HHCs） in soils impacted by crude oil spills are generally recalcitrant to biodegrada- tion due to their low bioavailability and complex chemical structure. In this study, soils were pretreated with varying concentrations of ultraviolet radiation A （UVA） or ultraviolet radiation C （UVC） activated titanium dioxide （TiO2）（1%-5%） under varying moisture conditions （0%- 300% water holding capacity （WHC）） to enhance biodegradation of HCCs and shorten remediation time- frames. We demonstrate that pretreatment of impacted soils with UVC-activated TiO2 in soil slurries could enhance bioremediation of HHCs. total petroleum hydrocarbon （TPH） removal after 24 h exposure to UVC （254 nm and 4.8 mW/cm2） was （19.15：1.6）% in slurries with 300% WHC and 5 wt-% TiO2. TPH removal was non-selective in the C15-C36 range and increased with moisture content and TiO2 concentration. In a 10-d bioremediation test, TPH removal in treated soil increased to （26.05：0.9）%, compared to （15.45：0.8）% for controls without photo- catalytic pre-treatment. Enhanced biodegradation was also confirmed by respirometry. This suggests that addition of UVC-activated TiO2 to soil slurries can transform recalcitrant hydrocarbons into more bioavailable and biodegradable byproducts and increase the rate of subsequent biodegradation. However, similar results were not observed for soils pretreated with UVA activated TiO2. This suggests that activation of TiO2 by sunlight and direct addition of TiO2 to unsaturated soils within landfarming setting may not be a feasible approach. Nevertheless, less than 1% of UVA （7.5 mW/cm2） or UVC （1.4 mW/cm2） penetrated beyond 0.3 cm soil depth, indicating that limited light penetration through soil would hinder the ability of TiO2 to enhance soil bioremediation under land farming conditions.

关键词： ZiO2 pretreatment bioremediation total petroleum hydrocarbons ultraviolet

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Bioprospecting of Hydrocarbonoclastic Representative Bacteria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第6期13卷 449-458页

作者： Asime Oba Barka John Jamilu Garba Asitonka James Oba Kwata Veronica John Stephen Bitrus Balami Okeke Uchechukwu Jasini Athanda Musa Anthony Ofili Independent Researcher Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Pipeline Products and Marketing Company Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation Abuja Nigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Microbiology National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control Abuja Nigeria Department of Veterinary Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Microbiology Central Reference Laboratory Synlab Lagos Nigeria

This study was designed and carried out to characterize hydrocarbonoclastic microbial communities in soil polluted with artisanal refined hydrocarbon at Trans Amadi, Phalga Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Heterotrophic bacteria count ranged from 8.0 × 105 cfu/gm for sample TSAS1, and 2.1 × 106 cfu/gm for sample TSAS2 while TSAS3 was too numerous to count (TNTC). Hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count ranged from 1.1 × 105 cfu/gm for TSAS1, and 5.9 × 104 cfu/gm for TSAS2, while TSAS3 was 5.4 × 104 cfu/gm. Physiochemical parameters of the soil were determined. The ranges obtained were pH 6.6, conductivity 125 μs/cm, temperature 27.3°C, moisture 7.72, total nitrogen 0.056%, phosphate 1.554 ppm, potassium 145.87 ppm, lead 7.02 ppm, cadmium 0.41 ppm, nickel 1.96 ppm, copper 1.14 ppm, total petroleum hydrocarbon 1487.24181 ppm, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 12.85287 ppm. Isolates of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria characterized belonged to the genera Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Lactobacillus sp., Enterobacter sp., Serratia sp., and Proteus sp. The findings in this study have revealed the abilities of these groups of bacteria to be employed in bioremediation/biodegradation clean-up practices. Thus the polluted soil may harbour important genera of bacterial species that may have beneficial applications in environmental microbiology for future remediation processes.

关键词： Bioprospecting Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria total petroleum hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons Crude Oil Soil

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Bioremediation and detoxification of real refinery oily sludge using mixed bacterial cells

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petroleum Research 2021年第3期6卷 303-308页

作者： Rusul M.Khazaal Zainab Z.Ismail Minitry of 0il/petroleum Research and Development Center Baghdadlraq Department of Environmental Engineering University of BaghdadBaghdadIraq

Anaerobic biotreatment of real field petroleum refinery oily sludge(PROS)was investigated under using four different organic loads(OLs)in the order ofOL4>OL3>OL2>OL1,in bench-scale bioreactors.The bioremediation of raw PROS was carried out using mixed culture biocatalyst without chemicals addition or any type of pretreatment.The results revealed a potential performance of the used biocatalyst dominated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa(class:Gammaproteo)and Staphylococcus spp.(class:Bacilli)achieving significant removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD)and total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH).The highest organic removal rate was recorded in OL4 followed by OL3,0L2,OL1,respectively indicating a positive relationship between the percentage removal of organics and their content.Maximum removal efficiencies of 96.7%and 90%were observed for COD and TPH,respectively in OL4 within 14 days only.Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)demonstrated that acenaph-thylene and phenanthrene exhibited the maximum removal efficiency(almost complete)among the 8-priority PAHs tested in this study.However,the overall degradation of PAHs in the oily sludge was 83.3%.

关键词： petroleum oily sludge Anaerobic biodegradation Organic loading total petroleum hydrocarbons Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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Assessment of organic compost and biochar in promoting phytoremediation of crude-oil contaminated soil using Calendula officinalis in the Loess Plateau, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第6期13卷 612-628页

作者： WANG Jincheng JING Mingbo ZHANG Wei ZHANG Gaosen ZHANG Binglin LIU Guangxiu CHEN Tuo ZHAO Zhiguang Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration Longdong UniversityQingyang 745000China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Life Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

The Loess Plateau,located in Gansu Province,is an important energy base in China because most of the oil and gas resources are distributed in Gansu Province.In the last 40 a,ecological environment in this region has been extremely destroyed due to the over-exploitation of crude-oil resources.Remediation of crude-oil contaminated soil in this area remains to be a challenging task.In this study,in order to elucidate the effects of organic compost and biochar on phytoremediation of crude-oil contaminated soil(20 g/kg)by Calendula officinalis,we designed five treatments,i.e.,natural attenuation(CK),planted C.officinalis only(P),planted C.officinalis with biochar amendment(PB),planted C.officinalis with organic compost amendment(PC),and planted C.officinalis with co-amendment of biochar and organic compost(PBC).After 152 d of cultivation,total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)removal rates of CK,P,PB,PC and PBC were 6.36%,50.08%,39.58%,73.10%and 59.87%,respectively.Shoot and root dry weights of C.officinalis significantly increased by 172.31%and 80.96%under PC and 311.61%and 145.43%under PBC,respectively as compared with P(Ptotal chlorophyll contents in leaves of C.officinalis under P,PC and PBC significantly increased by 77.36%,125.50%and 79.80%,respectively(Ptotal N,total P,available N,available P and SOM(soil organic matter)occurred in PC,followed by PBC(P<0.05).C.officinalis rhizospheric soil dehydrogenase(DHA)and polyphenol oxidase(PPO)activities in PB were lower than those of other treatments(P<0.05).The values of ACE(abundance-based coverage estimators)and Chao 1 indices for rhizospheric bacteria were the highest under PC followed by PBC,P,PB and CK(P<0.05).However,the Shannon index for bacteria was the highest under PC and PBC,followed by P,PB and CK(P<0.05).In terms of soil microbial community composition,Proteiniphilum,Immundisolibacteraceae and Solimonadaceae wer

关键词： total petroleum hydrocarbons soil physical-chemical characteristics plant physiological parameters soil enzyme microbial community composition

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Study of petroleum hydrocarbons under Chemical-biological Degradation in Contaminated Soils

Study of Petroleum Hydrocarbons under Chemical-biological De...

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2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology

作者： Ningning Sun Hongqi Wang Jingqi Liu Yongqiang Qi College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China

Microbial decontamination of petroleum-polluted soils has been recognized to be an efficient,economical and versatile alternative for physical or chemical treatments.In this study,different components of petroleum in contaminated soil were investigated under optimal environmental conditions which were determined by previous experiments.An aerobic bacteria with the ability to utilize both hydrocarbons and benzene as carbon sources was identified as Flavobacterium sp.based on morphological,physiological and biochemical tests.The results demonstrate a 39.88%removal rate for total petroleum hydrocarbons over a period of 27 days.Different fractions of the petroleum were observed to be degraded incongruently.The degradation rate declines with increasing alkane chain length （carbon number）.It was found that the total degradation rate can be approximated by the degradation rate of the n-alkane with 23 carbon atoms.N-alkanes with carbon number lower than 23 were removed faster than the total hydrocarbon amount,and the reverse trend was observed for n-alkanes with carbon number higher than 23.Unlike n-alkanes,the degradation rate of total iso-alkanes can be simulated by that of with iso-alkanes with 19 carbon atoms.The benzene utilization studies with the bacteria species showed that it metabolizes benzene when benzene concentration is under 10 mg/L,concentrations over which turn out to be inhibitory.The optimal conditions for effective removal of benzene by this species appear to be 30oC,pH of 6.5-6.7,inoculum concentration of 10%（v/v）.

关键词： total petroleum hydrocarbons n-alkanes iso alkanes microorganism benzene degradation

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