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torture in Honduras: Therapeutic Experiences of 2007-2008 and the Aftermath of the Coup

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2014年第2期2卷 63-75页

作者： Arely Alvarado The Center for Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation for Torture Victims and Their Family (CPTRT) Tegucigalpa Honduras

Background: The Center for Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation for torture Victims and their Family (CPTRT) participated in the “Professionalization facilitated through training in key healthcare services for torture victims” project coordinated by the International Rehabilitation Council for torture Victims (IRCT). Centers like CPTRT are typically created and run by small groups of healthcare professionals and human rights activists, often at great personal cost and risk [1]. The purpose of the project was to document the physical and psychological damage caused by torture as well as the results of the medical and psychological therapy. It also addresses: the socio-demographic profile of the victims, methods of torture and/or cruel, inhuman and degrading (CID), treatment, causal factors, and treatment effect. Material and Method: Psychometric and non-psychometric techniques were applied in order to obtain a baseline of the victims’ state of mental health, socio-demographic background, clinical and torture exposure, as well as evaluating the impact of the medical-psychological therapy at three and six months, respectively. The sample of torture victims is presented by the use of descriptive statistics and the effects during the study are presented with repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The victims mostly experienced depression and anxiety and to a lesser extent, post-traumatic stress and somatizations as a response to the traumatic events they endured. The analysis demonstrates a significant drop in symptoms over the six months of the study in those victims who participated in the entire project. Conclusion: Although the several limitations and unforeseen situations arose in a study of this type, a holistic, multidisciplinary and systematic approach is able to decrease disorders moderately, but not without taking into account the sociopolitical contexts and the obstacles appearing therein, which should also be considered and studied through trian

关键词： torture Violence Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment Post-Traumatic Stress Depression Anxiety Somatization Human Rights Medical-Psychological Treatment

torture Museums： What Has Changed Today？

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2016年第2期6卷 79-90页

作者： Ruchan Gokdag Anadolu University Eskisehir Turkey

torture has always been regarded as a tool for confession and applied throughout history. In cases when requesting and convincing do not work, threatening or torturing has been considered to be a ＂right＂ to do. torture was used in Ancient Rome, in Europe in Medieval Age, and in England even though it was against unwritten law, and applied in USA secretly today. Since ancient times, people have been used to torturing for similar purposes. Today, torture is put into practice again for similar purposes such as forcing people to live according to religious beliefs and looking after the benefits of the government. torture museums found in many European countries make visitors confused as these museums display terrifying tools applied to the Christian community in Medieval Age and then used by Christians to torture ＂Deviants＂.

关键词： torture torture museums torture tools torture in Monotheistic Religions

Gitmo＇s Folly II： torture, Trials, and Tribulations of US Detention Policy in the Wake of 9/11

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2016年第7期4卷 454-464页

作者： Samuel B. Hoff Delaware State University Delaware USA

Tapping declassified US Senate and Central Intelligence Agency reports, United Nations studies, and other primary sources, this study investigates the etiology, policies, and consequences of US detention policy as a part of the War on Terror. The record of the last two presidential administrations in dealing with detainees at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba （GITMO） and elsewhere is examined and the legal rationale for the tactics used on those in captivity is scrutinized. The study reveals that although certain features of detention policy changed from the George W. Bush administration to the Barack Obama presidency, others remained the same. The benefits of information acquired from detainees is weighed and detention policy itself is evaluated according to fundamental American values.

关键词： 9/11 Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba (GITMO) torture detainees

United States and France： Imprisonment and torture From the End of WWII to the Algerian War

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2017年第10期5卷 585-590页

作者： Francesca Somenzari University of Turin TurinItaly

Mistreatment and violation of international laws are recurrent events during Second World War （WWII） and torture is a frequent method used in the Algerian War. This paper investigates the escalation of violence which, in some cases, degenerates into torture and offers a comparison between the situation of Axis Prisoners of War （1943-1946） and the imprisonment’s conditions in Algeria （1954-1962）. In spite of the temporal interval and different political contexts, in some cases there’s a strange “continuity”.

关键词： prisoners of war WWII torture mistreatment Geneva Convention

Convention against torture and Other Cruel,Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and China's Action

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The Journal of Human Rights 2016年第1期15卷 23-29页

作者：徐爽 Institute for Human Rights China University of Political Science and Law

In 1984,the United Nations adopted the Convention against torture and Other Cruel,Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment(CAT).It is the first specialized international convention,which provides the prevention and punishment of torture and other inhuman or degrading treatment or *** ratified the convention in 1988,and submitted six Sate Party *** article introduces how the Chinese government fulfills the obligations under the provisions according to our State Party reports,and,in concluding observations,observes the historical background,the basic framework and the main content of the ***,it researches the further steps which the government of China might take for the better implementation.

关键词： CAT torture implementation report concluding observation

Acute Kidney Injury with Rhabdomyolysis: 25 Years Experience from a Tertiary Care Center

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2015年第3期5卷 67-74页

作者： Rubina Naqvi F. Akhtar E. Ahmed A. Naqvi A. Rizvi Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT) Karachi Pakistan

Objective: To describe patients presenting with acute kidney injury after rhabdomyolysis at a tertiary renal care center in Pakistan. Patients and Methods: An observational cohort of patients identified as having acute kidney injury (AKI) with rhabdomyolysis, which was diagnosed by rise in creatinine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) more than 4 times the reference range whereas AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria. On ultrasonography, all patients had normal size non obstructed kidneys, and no other co morbid. Results: Between January1990 to December 2014, 334 patients with rhabdomyolysis and AKI registered to this hospital. Mean age was 28.22 ± 11.22 years with M:F ratio of 3.33:1. Mean values of CK and LDH were 597,749.790 ± 180,461.360 and 4077.026 ± 5050.704 U/L with reference range of 26 - 174 U/L and 91 - 180 U/L respectively. We divided the study population into 4 groups over timeline. Rhabdomyolysis etiology was divided in 3 groups;1) traumatic, 2) non-traumatic exertional, and 3) non-traumatic non-exertional. In the last group, which spans from 2010-2014, we treated many cases with toxic rhabdomyolysis and main toxin was paraphenylenediamine (PPD). The other causes showed more or less same prevalence over two and a half decade, except non-traymatic exertional which has decreased during last 5 years without any explainable cause. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was required on arrival in 94% cases. Complete renal recovery was observed in 70%, while 15.86% died and 10% were lost during recovery phase. A small number 2.69% left against medical advice during acute phase of illness and 0.8% developed chronic kidney disease (CKD). Conclusion: The common clinical conditions found associated with rhabdomyolysis and AKI includes trauma, immobilization, sepsis, overexertion, and drugs and toxins. In recent years, we have seen many young patients with PPD poisoning;we have found good renal recovery in patients who survived initial 2 - 3 weeks.

关键词： Acute Kidney Injury Rhabdomyolysis RIFLE Criteria torture Toxins PPD

The Triangle Figures in The Scarlet Letter

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英语广场（学术研究） 2013年第4期 29-32页

作者：龙亦凡刘梦露罗丽武汉大学外国语言文学学院湖南师范大学外国语学院

Puritanism is a new breed of Christianity with a notoriously renowned propaganda for a frugal and reclusive lifestyle and a comparatively democratic membership in the religious creed. All the characters appearing in this novel belonged to this breed, living in the never-never land of a new continent devoid of the conventional forces' intervention. More specifically, Calvinism was the domineering religion whose core principles are the sacred pre-determinism and the omnipotence of God, requiring every earthly individual should obey this providence and be self-denied. The Scarlet Letter, a masterpiece of American prestigious writer Nathaniel Hawthorne, was delicately set in such a benighted epoch and manifested a gorgeous portrait of personality constituted by both discreetly religious conformity and spiritual liberty. In the twentieth century, Hawthorne and The Scarlet Letter have continued to grow in esteem as literary criticism moved into university English departments and through waves of Freudians, semiologists, deconstructionists, and postmodernists (Bruce Daniels, 2004). The eccentrically intertwined relationship among the three protagonists has been highly appreciated as an imperishable paragon, which was always been imitated but seldom surpassed. This passage aims to deconstruct the protagonists'personalities from a general perspective

关键词： Puritan Personality Religious Faith torture and Salvation

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尊严：一种不容情境权衡的价值

伦理学 2018年第4期

作者：甘绍平

人类凭借自主性和自我目的性这样一种主体身份而享有尊严。而人与人之间相互作为主体来对待、相互尊重彼此的以自主性为核心内容的尊严，就构成了人际一切规范之约束力的根基。因此，保护个体的权利主体性，便成为国家合法使用暴力的终... 详细信息

人类凭借自主性和自我目的性这样一种主体身份而享有尊严。而人与人之间相互作为主体来对待、相互尊重彼此的以自主性为核心内容的尊严，就构成了人际一切规范之约束力的根基。因此，保护个体的权利主体性，便成为国家合法使用暴力的终极根据，尊重每个人的自主意志，是法律和道德秩序以及法治国家最核心的建构性要素。而官方酷刑则直接摧毁了人的尊严中不容触碰的核心要素，故绝不可能得到道德或法律上的认可与辩护。但是，酷刑这一话题是复杂的，它既触及现代生活伦理维度中人的尊严这一核心要素，也关涉无辜的受害者的生命保护以及国家的安全保障这一整体性的方面。在国家由于法律的限制无法通过酷刑来阻止类似国毁人亡之灾难的时候，就需要动员社会力量参与到这场攸关民众生命与国家安全的伟大拯救。

关键词：自主性尊严酷刑私力救助生命保护国家安全 autonomy dignity torture private assistance life protection national security

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违法侦查行为的程序性制裁效果研究

诉讼法学、司法制度