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Recent Advance on torrefaction Valorization and Application of Biochar from Agricultural Waste for Soil Remediation

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第2期10卷 247-261页

作者： Kai Su Qirui Qin Jingyu Yang Linxiao Li and Shaoqi Deng Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611756China

With the increase of global proportion of soil pollution and the number of areas at risk,researchers have sought to develop various pathways to repair or relieve the pollutants in *** them,biochar represents one multi-dimensional soil amendment which has got great deal of attention on its physicochemical properties towards the removal or mitigation of contaminants in soil.A variety of agricultural wastes like straw and manure prepared from different torrefaction process have been employed as feedstock for the production of biochar,which can be applied to the contaminated soil to facilitate the growing environment for crops,and to improve soil fertility and microbial *** addition,the utilization of biochar for soil remediation is also considered as a pro-cess of carbon *** purpose of this review is to summarize the latest research progress in torrefac-tion processes and mechanism of agricultural waste,the effects of different torrefaction methods on the formation and properties of biochar were explained,coupled with the effects of process ***,the conver-sion and mechanisms of biochar prepared from agricultural wastes composed mainly with lignocellulosic material were discussed,and the characteristics of biochar prepared for improving soil physical and chemical character-istics,microbial community characteristics,nutrients,and the stability and relief of soil pollutants,especially heavy metals,are ***,this work discussed the application and future technical challenges of soil remediation based on agricultural waste derived biochar.

关键词： torrefaction biochar soil remediation agricultural waste

Effects of Microwave torrefaction with Mg（OH）2 on Characteristics of Bio-oil from Co-pyrolysis of Straw Stalk and Soapstock

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第3期21卷 10-16页

作者： Wen Pingwei Zhou Yue Dai Leilei Wang Yunpu Liu Yuhuan Ruan Roger College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Life ScienceJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022 Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion Ministry of EducationNanchang UniversityNanchang 330047 Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of MinnesotaMN 55108USA

This study investigated the effects of torrefaction with Mg(OH)2 on the properties of bio-oil formed from the microwave-assisted catalytic fast co-pyrolysis of straw stalk and *** effects of torrefaction temperature and residence time on the yield and composition of bio-oil were *** showed that the torrefaction temperature and residence time remarkably influenced the yield and composition of *** the increase in temperature and time,the bio-oil yield and the proportion of oxygen-containing compounds decreased,while the proportion of aromatic compounds *** the feedstocks were subject to torrefaction reaction for 20 min at 260°C,the proportion of oxygen-containing compounds decreased from 29.89%to 16.49%.Meanwhile,Mg(OH)2 could render the deoxidization function of torrefaction process increasingly *** proportion of the oxygen-containing compounds reached a minimum(14.41%),when the biomass-to-Mg(OH)2 ratio was 1:1.

关键词： microwave torrefaction Mg(OH)2 straw stalk soapstock bio-oil

Effects of operating conditions and pre-densification on the torrefaction products of sorghum straw

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 219-225页

作者： Xuanzuo Liu Zonglu Yao Hongbin Cong Lixin Zhao Lili Huo Jinchun Song Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Academy of Agricultural Planning and EngineeringMARABeijing 100125China

The effects of operating conditions and pre-densification on the torrefaction performance parameters and the properties of the torrefied sorghum straw were studied.A full-factor experiment was performed on a fixed tube furnace,in which sorghum straw powder and pellets were heated to 230℃,260℃,280℃ and 300℃ at 2.5℃/min,5℃/min and 7.5℃/min,*** pyrolysis characteristics of the sorghum straw torrefied under various operating conditions were complemented by thermogravimetric *** was observed that the high temperature led to the high calorific value of the torrefied sorghum straw with an acceptable mass and energy *** sorghum straw torrefied at a temperature above 280℃ had a higher heating value(HHV)that was comparable to that of the low rank coal while maintaining its energy yield above 85%.The results suggested that temperature was an important factor determining the properties of the torrefied products,and the heating rate would affect the internal temperature of the torrefied biomass by affecting the heat transfer during the *** energy densification index of the pellets decreased uniformly as the heating rate increased proportionally,indicating that pre-densification can be used as a potential method to solve the heat transfer delay in the fixed reactors at high heating rates,especially for high temperatures.

关键词： torrefaction pre-densification pyrolysis characteristics operating condition sorghum straw heat transfer

Microwave torrefaction of empty fruit bunch pellet:Simulation and validation of electric field and temperature distribution

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第4期7卷 270-277页

作者： Peter Nai Yuh Yek Sieng Huat Kong Ming Chiat Law Changlei Xia Rock Keey Liew Teck Sung Sie Jun Wei Lim Su Shiung Lam Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development University of Technology SarawakJalan UniversitySibuSarawak 96000Malaysia School of Foundation Studies University of Technology SarawakJalan UniversitySibuSarawak 96000Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceCurtin University Malaysia CampusMiriSarawak 98009Malaysia Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China NV WESTERN PLT GeorgetownPenang 10400Malaysia Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical ResearchInstitute of Self-Sustainable BuildingUniversity Technology PETRONASDarul RidzuanSeri IskandarPerak 32610Malaysia Higher Institution Centre of Excellence(HICoE) Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries(AKUATROP)University Malaysia TerengganuKuala NerusTerengganu 21030Malaysia Sustainability Cluster School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradunUttarakhand 248007India

Microwave simulation is significant in identifying a reactor design allowing the biomass to be heated and processed *** study integrated the radio frequency and transient heat transfer modules to simulate the microwave distribution and investigated the performance of microwave heating in the *** simulation results were compared with the experimental findings us-ing the finite element analysis software of COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS to predict the temperature profile and electric field of microwave in the biomass(empty fruit bunch pellets).The higher temperature distribution was observed at the bottom and centre section of the empty fruit bunch pellet bed in the reactor,showing the uniqueness of microwave *** to the simula-tion results,the temperature profile obtained through the specific cavity geometry and dielectric properties agreed with the experimental temperature *** simulated temperature profile demonstrated a logarithmic increase of 120°C/min at the first 50 s followed by 50°C/min until 350 *** experimental temperature profile showed three different heating rates before reaching 300°C,including 78.3°C/min(50-120°C),30.6°C/min(121-250°C),and 105°C/min(250-300°C).The results of this study might contribute to the improvement of microwave heating in biomass torrefaction.

关键词： Microwave torrefaction Simulation Energy Temperature

Superhydrophobic and superlipophilic biochar produced from microalga torrefaction and modification for upgrading fuel properties

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 334-348页

作者： Congyu Zhang Meng Wang Wei-Hsin H.Chen Ying Zhang Anelie Pétrissans Mathieu Pétrissans Shih-Hsin H.Ho State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina School of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural University150030 HarbinChina Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University701 TainanTaiwanChina Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University407 TaichungTaiwanChina Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology411 TaichungTaiwanChina Universitéde Lorraine INRAELERMAB88000 EpinalFrance

torrefaction operation is an essential pathway for solid biofuel upgrading,and good hydrophobicity of torrefied biochar is conducive to its ***,a two-stage treatment of torrefaction followed by modification by hexadecyltrimethoxysilane was adopted to improve the moisture resistance performance of *** two-stage treatment process led to a longer torrefied microalgal biochar preservation time(60-200%improved)and great superhydrophobicity and ***,the modified microalgal biochar could significantly adsorb leaking oil for environmental remediation and further improve the calorific value of the *** obtained results indicated that the oil adsorption capacity of modified microalgal biochar was correlated to torrefaction temperature and oil ***,the oil adsorption capacity was enhanced up to 70-80%from the modification process when comparing to raw *** the torrefaction temperature enhanced the adsorption quantity of the modified microalgal *** adsorbing the oil,the calorific value of oilchar,namely,biochar with adsorbed oil,could be higher than 40 MJ kg^(−1).Furthermore,the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics suggested that biochar stability gradually rose as the torrefaction temperature *** comprehensively analyzing and comparing the fuel performance of the modified microalgal biochar with previous literature,the obtained modified microalgal biochar possessed better fuel properties and environmental sustainability.

关键词： Microalga torrefaction Biochar Superhydrophobicity Oil adsorption Fuel property

Upgraded Pellet Making by torrefaction—torrefaction of Japanese Wood Pellets

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2015年第3期5卷 82-88页

作者： Takahiro Yoshida Takashi Nomura Hideki Gensai Hiroki Watada Tetsuya Sano Seiji Ohara Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan Fukui Prefectural Green Center Sakai Japan Present Address: Tohoku Institute of Technology Sendai Japan

Upgraded wood pellets were produced and evaluated by torrefaction of wood pellets. In this study, conventional wood pellets were initially prepared and subsequently torrefied on a laboratory and then larger scale. During the laboratory scale production, pellets from wooden parts of Japanese cedar (sugi, Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese oak (konara, Quercus serrata) trees were heat- treated in an inert gas oven under nitrogen atmosphere around 170°C - 320°C. For the Japanese cedar, the calorific values were improved by heat treatment up to 260°C. By heat treatment at 240°C, the upgrade ratio of higher heating value (HHV) was nearly 30% and the energy yield was 97%. For the Japanese oak, the calorific values were improved by heat treatment up to 320°C. By heat treatment at 280°C, the upgrade ratio of HHV exceeded 30% and the energy yield was 84%. On a larger scale, a conventional charcoal oven was modified for torrefied wood pellet production, meaning that torrefied wood pellet with 25 MJ/kg of calorific value was produced during heat treatment at 350°C. A mixture of conventional and torrefied pellets was applied to a commercial pellet stove, and torrefied wood pellets produced in this study might be usable as fuel for conventional pellet stoves.

关键词： Component Wood Pellet torrefaction Calorific Value

Design and Testing of a Solar torrefaction Unit to Produce Charcoal

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2016年第3期6卷 66-71页

作者： Rajaram Swaminathan Frans Nelongo Pandeni Nandjembo Department of Mechanical and marine Engineering Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

With increasing crude oil prices, fuels like kerosene and cooking gas have become unaffordable for many ordinary people in developing countries. For millions of Africans who need heat energy to cook their food, biomass like wood remains the easiest and cheapest source of fuel. Charcoal remains the most popular choice compared to wood since it can cook food much faster with very little smoke. torrefaction of biomass is a mild form of pyrolysis at temperatures typically between 200℃ and 300℃ to produce charcoal. torrefaction changes biomass properties to provide a much better fuel quality for combustion applications. A simple parabolic trough solar collector to produce charcoal by torrefaction process using solar energy has been designed from first principles. The device was fabricated and various locally available wood species were tested. The yield was found to be 21% to 35% with a production time of 90 minutes. The paper details the design procedure and the test results.

关键词： torrefaction Charcoal Production Solar Parabolic Trough Design Testing

Impacts of torrefaction on PM_(10) Emissions from Biomass Combustion

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Energy Engineering 2021年第5期118卷 1267-1276页

作者： Zihao Wang Dunxi Yu Jingkun Han Jianqun Wu State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

Typical biomass torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis process under conditions of ordinary pressure,low temperature(200–300°C)and inert *** is considered to be a competitive technology for biomass pretreatment,but its impacts on the emissions of particulate matter from biomass combustion are worthy of further *** this paper,three kinds of biomass,i.e.,bagasse,wheat straw and sawdust were selected for torrefaction pretreatment and the impacts of torrefaction on the emission characteristics of PM_(10) from biomass combustion were *** combustion experiments were carried out on a drop tube *** combustion-generated particulate and bulk ash samples were collected and subjected to analyses by various *** results show that torrefaction tends to result in a reduction of PM_(1)(particulates with an aerodynamic diameter less than 1μm)emissions from combustion,but the extent of reduction is dependent on biomass *** reduction of PM_(1) from the combustion of torrefied biomass is mainly because that the torrefaction process removes some Cl and S from the biomass,thereby suppressing the release of alkali metals and the emissions of PM_(1) during the combustion *** for PM_(1–10)(particulates with an aerodynamic diameter within 1–10μm),its emissions from combustion of torrefied biomasses are consistently reduced,compared with their untreated *** observation is primarily accounted for the enhanced particle coalescence/agglomeration in combustion of torrefied biomasses,which reduces the emissions of PM_(1–10).

关键词： Biomass combustion torrefaction particulate matter

Fundamental Study on the Production of ＂Hyper Wood Pellet＂——Effect of torrefaction Condition on Grinding and Pelletizing Properties

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第4期7卷 705-710页

作者： Takahiro Yoshida Tetsuya Sano Takashi Nomura Hideki Gensai Hiroki Watada Seiji Ohara Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba 305-8687 Japan Fukui Prefectural Green Center Sakai 910-0336 Japan

In order to upgrade the conventional wood pellet, Japanese softwood and hardwood chips were torrefied at around 200-350℃, and pelletized. The characteristics of the torrefied material/pellets such as their calorific value, grinding energy, pelletizing energy and elemental composition, were also evaluated in this study. The calorific value rose with increasing torrefaction temperature and exceeded 25 MJ/kg （an increase of nearly 40% compared to the untreated state） for torrefaction at around 350℃. The grinding energy greatly decreased with increasing torrefaction temperature, and the reduction was larger for Japanese oak hardwood chips. The pelletization energy for the torrefied material tended to be slightly smaller than in the untreated case. People named such torrefied pellet as ＂hyper wood pellet＂.

关键词： Wood pellets torrefaction calorific value.