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Mild Reductions in Mitochondrial NAD- Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Activity Result in Altered Nitrate Assimilation and Piqmentation But Do Not Impact Growth

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Molecular Plant 2010年第1期3卷 156-173页

作者： Agata Sienkiewicz-Porzucek Ronan Sulpice Sonia Osorio Ina Krahnert Andrea Leisse Ewa Urbanczyk-Wochniak Michael Hodges Alisdair R. Fernie Adriano Nunes-Nesi Max-Planck-lnstitut for Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Institute de Biotechnologie des Plantes Unite Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Universite de Paris-Sud 11 91405Orsay Cedex France

Transgenic tomato.（Solanum lycopersicum） plants were generated expressing a fragment of the mitochon- drial NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase gene （SIIDH1） in the antisense orientation. The transgenic plants displayed a mild reduction in the activity of the target enzyme in the leaves but essentially no visible alteration in growth from the wild-type. Fruit size and yield were, however, reduced. These plants were characterized by relatively few changes in pho- tosynthetic parameters, but they displayed a minor decrease in maximum photosynthetic efficiency （Fv/Fm）. Furthermore, a clear reduction in flux through the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle was observed in the transformants. Additionally, bio- chemical analyses revealed that the transgenic lines exhibited considerably altered metabolism, being characterized by slight decreases in the levels of amino acids, intermediates of the TCA cycle, photosynthetic pigments, starch, and NAD（P）H levels, but increased levels of nitrate and protein. Results from these studies show that even small changes in mitochon- drial NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity lead to noticeable alterations in nitrate assimilation and suggest the presence of different strategies by which metabolism is reprogrammed to compensate for this deficiency.

关键词： Carbon metabolism nitrogen metabolism photorespiration photosynthesis mitochondria tomato.

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Iron Deficiency-induced Increase of Root Branching Contributes to the Enhanced Root Ferric Chelate Reductase Activity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第12期50卷 1557-1562页

作者： Chong-Wei Jin Wei-Wei Chen Zhi-Bin Meng Shao-Jian Zheng Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China State Key Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

In various plant species, Fe deficiency increases lateral root branching. However, whether this morphological alteration contributes to the Fe deficiency-induced physiological responses still remains to be demonstrated. In the present research, we demonstrated that the lateral root development of red clover （Trifolium pretense L.） was significantly enhanced by Fe deficient treatment, and the total lateral root number correlated well with the Fe deficiency-induced ferric chelate reductase （FCR） activity. By analyzing the results from Dasgan et al. （2002）, we also found that although the two tomato.genotypes line227/1 （P1） and Roza （P2） and their reciprocal F1 hybrid lines （＂P1 × P2＂ and ＂P2 ×PI＂） were cultured under two different lower Fe conditions （10^-6 and 10^-7 M FeEDDHA）, their FCR activities are significantly correlated with the lateral root number. More interestingly, the -Fe chlorosis tolerant ability of these four tomato.lines displays similar trends with the lateral root density. Taking these results together, it was proposed that the Fe deficiency-induced increases of the lateral root should play an important role in resistance to Fe deficiency, which may act as harnesses of a useful trait for the selection and breeding of more Fe-efficient crops among the genotypes that have evolved a Fe deficiency-induced Fe uptake system.

关键词： Fe deficiency ferric chelate reductase lateral root red clover tomato.

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Transcription factors involved in tomato.fruit quality improvement

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Food Quality and Safety 2024年第1期8卷 50-54页

作者：石艳娜戴正蓉陈昆松 College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhouChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology Zhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhouChina State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhouChina

Fruit quality is both a consumer demand and an important goal for horticultural *** exploration of quality-related genes provides targets to create high-quality germplasm using biotechnology,of which transcription factors(TFs)exhibit dosage effects compared with structural ***,an important horticultural crop as well as model fruit,has been widely ***,we focused on TFs with potential utilization value that control appearance(***,pigment)and internal(***,texture,shelf life and health benefits)quality in ***,potential strategies to generate high-quality tomato.fruit are discussed.

关键词： Fruit quality transcription factor tomato.

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Effect of foaming agent,foam stabilizer and whipping time on drying process of tomato.paste under different drying equipment

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2017年第2期8卷 72-86页

作者： Adesoji Matthew Olaniyan John Adeyemi Adeoti Musiliu Olusola Sunmonu Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Faculty of Engineering Federal University Oye Ekiti P.M.B.373Oye Ekiti 371101Ekiti StateNigeria Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of Ilorin P.M.B.1515Ilorin 240003Kwara StateNigeria

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of foaming agent(egg white(EW)),foam stabilizer(carboxyl methyl cellulose(CMC))and whipping time on drying rate and quality of tomato.Lycopersicon esculentus)paste dried under air oven,microwave oven and mechanical dryer.A 43 factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)was used to study the effect of four levels each of foaming agent(5%,10%,15%and 20%EW),foam stabilizer(0.15%,0.30%,0.45%and 0.60%CMC)and whipping time(3,5,7 and 9 min)on the drying rate and the quality of foam-mat dried tomato.powder in the three drying *** trial was performed in triplicates making a total number of 576 samples that were individually tested and measured.25 g sample of the paste was dried to a moisture content of 7.60%(wb)for 8 h in mechanical dryer and oven dryer at temperatures of 55◦C and 50◦C,respectively,and 10 min in microwave oven at 540 *** obtained from the experiments were statistically analyzed using the analysis of variance(ANOVA)while the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was used to compare the *** showed that the drying rate increased with increase in foaming agent,foam stabilizer and whipping with minimum values of 9.21 g/h obtained in mechanical dryer,9.31 g/h in air oven and 8.05 g/h in microwave *** in foaming agent,foam stabilizer and whipping time did not cause any adverse effect on vitamin C,ash,protein,fat,carbohydrate,crude fiber contents of the *** reached a stable moisture content of 7.60%(wb)in less than 8 h in mechanical dryer and air and less than 10 min in microwave *** results of the study showed that EW,CMC and whipping time influenced the drying rate and quality of foam-mat dried tomato.powder.

关键词： Foaming agent foam-mat drying foam stabilizer drying rate equipment tomato.

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Catabolism of Branched Chain Amino Acids Supports Respiration but Not Volatile Synthesis in tomato.Fruits

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Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 366-375页

作者： Andrej Kochevenko Wagner L. Araujo Gregory S. Maloney Denise M. Tieman Phuc Thi Do Mark G. Taylor Harry J. Klee Alisdair R. Fernie Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Vicosa 36570-000 Vicosa Minas Gerais Brazil Horticultural Sciences Department and the Plant Molecular ＆ Cellular Biology Program University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA

The branched-chain amino acid transaminases （BCATs） have a crucial role in metabolism of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. These enzymes catalyze the last step of synthesis and the initial step of degradation of these amino acids. Although the biosynthetic pathways of branched chain amino acids in plants have been extensively investigated and a number of genes have been characterized, their catabolism in plants is not yet completely understood. We previously characterized the branched chain amino acid transaminase gene family in tomato. revealing both the subcellular localization and kinetic properties of the enzymes encoded by six genes. Here, we examined possible functions of the enzymes during fruit development. We further characterized transgenic plants differing in the expression of branched chain amino acid transaminases I and 3, evaluating the rates of respiration in fruits deficient in BCAT1 and the levels of volatiles in lines overexpressing either BCAT1 or BCAT3. We quantitatively tested, via precursor and isotope feeding experiments, the importance of the branched chain amino acids and their corresponding keto acids in the formation of fruit volatiles. Our results not only demonstrate for the first time the importance of branched chain amino acids in fruit respiration, but also reveal that keto acids, rather than amino acids, are the likely precursors for the branched chain flavor volatiles.

关键词： alternative electron transport metabolic regulation molecular physiology nitrogen metabolism volatiles tomato.

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Ethylene†and fruit softening

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第4期1卷 253-267页

作者： Greg Tucker Xueren Yin Aidi Zhang MiaoMiao Wang Qinggang Zhu Xiaofen Liu Xiulan Xie Kunsong Chen Don Grierson Division of Nutritional Biochemistry School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE125RDUK Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Plant&Crop Sciences Division School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLE125RDUK

This review is concerned with the mechanisms controlling fruit *** genetic regulators switch on the ripening programme and the regulatory pathway branches downstream,with separate controls for distinct quality attributes such as colour,flavour,texture,and *** plays a critical role as a ripening hormone and is implicated in controlling different facets of ripening,including texture change,acting through a range of transcriptional regulators,and this signalling can be blocked using 1-methylcyclopropene.A battery of at least seven cell-wall-modifying enzymes,most of which are synthesized de novo during ripening,cause major alterations in the structure and composition of the cell wall components and contribute to the softening *** differences between fruits may be related to the precise structure and composition of their cell walls and the enzymes recruited to the ripening programme during *** to slow texture change and reduce fruit spoilage by delaying the entire ripening process can often affect negatively other aspects of quality,and low temperatures,in particular,can have deleterious effects on texture *** silencing has been used to probe the function of individual genes involved in different aspects of ripening,including colour,flavour,ethylene synthesis,and particularly texture *** picture that emerges is that softening is a multi-genic trait,with some genes making a more important contribution than *** future,it may be possible to control texture genetically to produce fruits more suitable for our needs.

关键词： Cell walls Ethene Pectate lyase Polygalacturonase tomato.

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Cloning and Sequencing of a tomato.cDNA of Ethylene-Forming Enzyme

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1994年第5期39卷 430-434页

作者：曹晓风鲁治滨朱玉贤潘乃穟陈章良 State Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871 PRC

1 Introduction Ethylene, one of the simplest organic molecules with biological activity, is a planthormone that controls many processes of plant growth and development. Its synthesisis strictly regulated in plants. It is induced during some specific developmental stages,such as fruit ripening, seed germination and tissue senescence and abscission.

关键词： ethylene-forming enzyme gene cDNA sequence tomato.

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Comparing the Impact of a Neonicotinoid and Biorational Agroneem on Herbivorous and Beneficial Arthropods on Cowpea and tomato

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2014年第7期4卷 585-596页

作者： Jude Akamu Ewunkem Louis Ernest Ndiva Jackai Henry Osofuhene-Sintim Beatrice Nuck Dingha Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro 27411 NC USA Department of Family and Consumer Sciences North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro27411 NC USA

Cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.） and tomato.（Lycopersicum esculentum L. Karst） are attacked by a wide range of insect pests worldwide. In many cases, pesticides are used to control the pests. In 2010 and 2011, we conducted field experiments to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a biorational （Agroneem~） and conventional pesticide （imidacloprid or thiamethoxam） on insect pests of these crops. In the first year, two varieties of cowpea （Mississippi Silver and Pinkeye Purple Hull） and two of tomato.（Mariana and German Johnson） were used; in the second year, the better performing of each group （Mississippi Silver and Mariana） were used for the study. A split-plot design with four replications in Year 1, and a randomized complete block design with six treatment combinations in Year 2. In the first year, both pesticide groups were applied following manufacturer＇s recommendation （10-14 d cycles）; and in the second year, the application of the pesticides was driven by economic thresholds level （ETL） of insect pests. The most prevalent species of insects recorded in both crops were in the families： Chrysomelidae, Pentatomidae, Cicadellidae, Vespidae, Sarcophagidae, Thripidae and Sphingidae. In both years, the diversity of insects on cowpea was greater than on tomato.and more insects were observed in the second year compared to the first, despite the absence of significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between varieties in the treated plots. The yield of cowpea and tomato.was comparable in all sprayed plots.

关键词： Neonicotinoid biorational insecticide imidacloprid thiamethoxam cowpea tomato.

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Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria on tomato.Surfaces and Effectiveness of Disinfectants in Reducing the Microbial Load

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2012年第5期2卷 293-300页

作者： Fauzia Ahmed Rupa Munawar Sultana Yasuhiro Inatsu Md. Latiful Bari Md. Anwar Hossain Department of Microbiology University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Food Hygiene Research Laboratory National Food Research Institute 2-1-12 KannondaL Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki 305-8642 Japan Food Analysis and Research Laboratory Center for Advanced Research in Sciences University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000Bangladesh

This study was conducted to isolate and identify antibiotic resistant bacteria in fresh tomato.sold in three different local markets of Dhaka city. On an average 〉 5.0 log CFU/g of natural microbial populations and coliform bacteria was present in the samples. Prevalence of Salmonella spp., E. coli, Listeria spp., and Yersinia spp., were recorded through cultivation dependent assay of tomato.samples of different markets. Almost all of the isolates were uniformly resistant to rifampicin, erythromycin, clindamycin and oxacillin （100%）, vancomycin （93%）, amoxicillin （87%）, whereas 60% of the isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin and cephalexin. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the presumptive E. coli and Salmonella spp. and corresponding plasmid profiling indicated a correlation of plasmid mediated multidrug resistance （MDR） of these environmental bacteria. Washing with sanitizing agents such as acidified sodium chlorite （ASC） and 200 ppm chlorinated water was able to reduce _〈 2.0 log CFU/g of natural microflora and coliform bacteria. In contrast, ASC was able to reduce 〈 2.0 log CFU/g of other food borne pathogens and, chlorinated water was able to reduce up to undetectable level. Therefore, washing of tomato.with 200 ppm chlorinated water could be useful in reducing the pathogen populations on tomato.s.

关键词： Antibiotic resistant bacteria acidified sodium chlorite chlorinated water E. coli O 157:H7 salmonella spp. tomato.

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