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Pesticide food safety standards as companions to tolerances and maximum residue limits

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2358-2364页

作者： Carl K Winter Elizabeth A Jara Department of Food Science and Technology University of California

Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods, known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits （MRLs） in much of the world, are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A novel approach to develop scientifically defensible levels of safety concern is presented and an example to determine acute and chronic pesticide food safety standard （PFSS） levels for the fungicide captan on strawberries is provided. Using this approach, the chronic PFSS level for captan on strawberries was determined to be 2 000 mg kg-1 and the acute PFSS level was determined to be 250 mg kg-1. Both levels are far above the existing tolerance and MRLs that commonly range from 3 to 20 mg kg-~, and provide evidence that captan residues detected at levels greater than the tolerance or MRLs are not of acute or chronic health concern even though they represent violative residues. The benefits of developing the PFSS approach to serve as a companion to existing tolerances/MRLs include a greater understanding concerning the health significance, if any, from exposure to violative pesticide residues. In addition, the PFSS approach can be universally applied to all potential pesticide residues on all food commodities, can be modified by specific jurisdictions to take into account differences in food consumption practices, and can help prioritize food residue monitoring by identifying the pesticide/commodity combinations of the greatest potential food safety concern and guiding development of field level analytical methods to detect pesticide residues on prioritized pesticide/commodity combinations.

关键词： pesticide residues food safety tolerances maximum residue limits （MRLs） regulation reference dose captan strawberries

Robust Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuits with tolerances

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湖南大学学报（自然科学版） 2000年第S2期27卷 133-138页

作者： Ying Deng1, Yigang He1 , Xu He2 ,Yichuang Sun3 1. College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China 2. Department of Computer Science, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China 3. Department of Ele

A method for robust analog fault diagnosis using hybrid neural networks is proposed. The primary focus of the paper is to provide robust diagnosis using a mechanism to deal with the problem of element tolerances and reduce testing time. The proposed approach is based on the fault dictionary diagnosis method and backward propagation neural network (BPNN) and the adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural network. Simulation results show that the method is robust and fast for fault diagnosis of analog circuits with tolerances.

关键词： Analog circuits Fault diagnosis tolerances Artificial neural networ|

Perceptual tolerance neighborhood-based similarity in content-based image retrieval and classification

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2012年第2期5卷 164-185页

作者： Amir H.Meghdadi James F.Peters Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada School of Mathematics University of HyderabadHyderabadIndia

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of using perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods in tolerance space-based image similarity measures and its application in content-based image classification and retrieval.Design/methodology/approach–The proposed method in this paper is based on a set-theoretic approach,where an image is viewed as a set of local visual elements.The method also includes a tolerance relation that detects the similarity between pairs of elements,if the difference between corresponding feature vectors is less than a threshold 2(0,1).Findings–It is shown that tolerance space-based methods can be successfully used in a complete content-based image retrieval(CBIR)system.Also,it is shown that perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods can replace tolerance classes in CBIR,resulting in more accuracy and less computations.Originality/value–The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods instead of tolerance classes in a new form of the Henry-Peters tolerance-based nearness measure(tNM)and a new neighbourhood-based tolerance-covering nearness measure(tcNM).Moreover,this paper presents a side–by–side comparison of the tolerance space based methods with other published methods on a test dataset of images.

关键词： Image similarity Nearness measure Distance measurement Content-based image retrieval(CBIR) Perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods Tolerance spaces tolerances Measurement

Agricultural pesticide use and food safety:California's model

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2340-2357页

作者： Minghua Zhang Michael R Zeiss Shu Geng Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California California Department of Pesticide Regulation Sino-US Joint Food Safety Research Center Northwest A&F University Department of Plant Sciences University of California

Pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety and the environment as well as human health. This paper reviews the positive benefits of agricultural pesticide use as well as some potential negative impacts on the environment and food safety. In addition, using the case of California, we discuss the need for both residue monitoring and effective pest management to promote food safety. Twenty years＇ pesticide residue data from California＇s pesticide residue monitoring program were analyzed. Results showed that more than 95% of food samples were in compliance with US pesticide residue standards （tolerances）. However, certain commodities from certain sources had high percentages of residues above tolerance levels. Even when residues above tolerance levels were detected, most were at levels well below 1 mg kg^-1, and most posed negligible acute health risk. However, a few detected residues had the potential to cause health effects. Therefore, establishing an effective food residue monitoring program is important to ensure food quality throughout the marketplace.

关键词： food safety food security pesticide use residue monitoring environmental impacts IPM tolerances maximum residue limits （MRLs）

Extensive Taguchi's Quality Loss Function Based On Asymmetric tolerances

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Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 2004年第2期14卷 252-254页

作者：祝伟李元生刘锋 School of Management CUMT Beijing 100083 China

If specification interval is asymmetric, basic specification is the target value of quality characteristics. In this paper Taguchi's quality loss function is applied to describe quality loss based on asymmetric tolerances. The measurement of quality loss which is caused by the deviation of quality characteristics from basic specification is further presented.

关键词： basic specification asymmetric tolerances quality loss

PROBABILITY DAMAGE TOLERANCEEVALUATION METHOD FORMULTI-CRACKED STRUCTURE

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 1995年第3期8卷 191-197页

作者： TongMingho FeiBinjun LiuWenting(Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, China, 100083)

Using the probability fracture mechanics, a new full-life probability dam-age tolerance evaluation model is established for multicracked structures, which con-siders the randomness of the initial crack length and its ... 详细信息

关键词： probability theory fracture mechanics tolerances (mechanics) reliability

Quality Improvement for Elastic Adhesive Bonding of Large Components With High tolerances

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Quality Improvement for Elastic Adhesive Bonding of Large Co...

On the Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Fault Diagnosis in Analog Circuits with tolerances

第三届世界粘接及相关现象大会暨北京粘接学会第十五届学术...

作者： Michael F.Zh Klaus P.Schlickenrieder Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management Technische Universitut MunchenBoltzmannstraβe 1585748 GarchingGermany

＜正＞The paper presents a method for the enhancement of quality and flexibility of the elastic adhesive bonding of large components with high tolerances.The main improvement of the method is based on an innovative methodology for the alignment of one component to another component,e.g.a windshield to a truck body.The alignment is realized by a calculated deformation of the one work piece immediately before the joining process,based on the actual distances between the two components and also on the emerging stresses inside the work piece due to the deformation. In the beginning the relevant fundamentals of adhesive bonding and a specification of the state of the art-technology are presented.Based on the deficits the main intention of the work is detailed,which is followed by an extensive characterization of the invented method.The paper closes with a listing of the attainable advantages.

关键词： adhesive bonding elastic robotics flexibility tolerances joining process process control

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On the Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Fault Di...