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Studies on Amylase and Degradation of Starch and Pigment of tobacco leaf During Process of Flue-Curing

Agricultural Sciences in China 2004年第12期3卷 931-936页

作者： GONGChang-rong YUANHong-tao CHENJiang-hua SONGZhao-peng HenanAgriculturalUniversity Zhengzhou450002P.R.China HubeitobaccoProduction＆SalesCorporation Wuhan453000P.R.China ChinaNationaltobaccoleafCorporation Beijing100055P.R.China

The changes in the activity of amylase and amylase-isoenzyme and the degradation of starch and pigment of tobacco leaf during flue-curing were studied by using the electric- heated flue-curing barn designed and made by the Henan Agricultural University. The temperature and humidity of the barn were controlled automatically. The results indicated that starch in tobacco leaf decreased rapidly and leveled off after 48 h of curring, in the meantime, the content of soluble sugar increased accordingly and reached a peak at the stage of color-fixing. Both of them had a rapid-changing stage in the first 36 hours of yellowing. The changes of starch and soluble sugar contents had highly significant negative-correlation at 1 % level (rNC89 = -0.8962**, rYY85 = -0.9704**). The activity of amylase increased with the proceeding of curing and reached a peak after 36 hours of curing, then decreased. But the activity of amylase kept at a high level when the humidity of curing-environment was very low, even if the tobacco leaf had been dried. The rapid degradation of starch showed a significantly negative correlation with the increase of activity of amylase at 5 % level (rNC89 = -0.8495*, rYY85 = -0.7839*). The degradation of starch and pigment had the same regulation and had highly significant correlation at 1 % level (rNC89= 0.9649**, rYY85= 0.9428**). There were mainly three amylase-isoenzyme bands -A, B, C respectively, in tobacco leaf during flue curing. They were identified as α-AMY, β-AMY, R-AMY, and the activity of β-AMY was the highest. The changes in amylase activity and contents of starch and pigment were affected by the tobacco leaf moisture and environmental humidity during curing.

关键词： tobacco leaf Flue-curing Starch Amylase Pigment

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Dynamics of Environmental Humidity and Water Content in tobacco leaf and Metabolism of Starch During Curing

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第2期2卷 149-153页

作者： GONGChang－rong CHENJiang－hua 等 DepartmentofAgriculture HenanAgriculturalUniversityZhengzhou450002P.R.China ChinaNationaltobaccoleafCorporation Beijing100055P.R.China

Effect of environmental humidity and water content in tobacco leaf on starch metabolism was studied by using the electric-heated auto-controlled flue-curing barn supplied by Henan Agricultural University, China. The results indicated that the degradation of starch and decrease of water content in tobacco leaf during early yellowing at low humidity was the most rapid, and the water loss was the highest while the lowest under high humidity. The duration for starch degradation under low humidity was longer than that of CK. So the starch residue in cured leaf of different treatment took the order of high humidity yellowing treatment> low humidity yellowing treatment > CK. When the leaf water content was decreased to around 50 %, the starch degradation became slow and the content of starch was stable. Starch degradation and decrease of leaf water content was not synchronous. Starch in tobacco leaf during yellowing degraded more rapidly when humidity was decreased at a high speed, but the degradation stopped earlier at late stage. There was a quicker and higher degradation of starch under high environmental humidity. When the humidity decreased to 70 %, the content of starch was stable. The activity of amylase began to decrease when relative humidity was below 75 %, but it kept a high level of activity when the environmental humidity was below 70 %.

关键词： tobacco leaf Flue-curing Starch Relative humidity Amylase

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Application of tobacco leaf Edge Detection with Tracking Bug Method

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2010年第4期11卷 10-11,120页

作者：李彰毛鹏军王俊张伏邱兆美杜东亮河南省烟草公司洛阳市公司河南洛阳471001 河南科技大学车辆与动力工程学院河南洛阳471003

tobacco leaf shapes including the length,width,area,perimeter and roundness parameters and so on,Only obtain exact boundaries of the leaf information to calculate a large number of leaf *** paper introduces the classical edge detection Methods,bug method is used to track the boundaries of tobacco leaf *** test shows that the algorithm has a good edge extraction capability.

关键词： tobacco leaf Edge detection Bug method

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Status and Application of tobacco leaf Preconditioning in China

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第1期18卷 180-184页

作者： Yingjie LIU Wen LIU Yue ZHU Jiangtao JI Jun WANG Henan tobacco Companies Zhengzhou Company Zhengzhou 450008 China College of Agricultural Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China

In the process of tobacco production, the moisture content of tobacco leaves directly affects the quality of tobacco leaf. Since the water content in the leaf is low, it needs to process with the conditioning treatment for a short time beforetobacco grading, so as to improve the tobacco moisture content and reduce breakage, as well as ensure the quality and yield of tobacco, ahd meet the requirements of the follow-up process of tobacco. Therefore, a comprehensive overview was given to the pre-conditioning method for tobacco leaf, and the current application status of tobacco leaf pre-conditioning equipment in China was explored.

关键词： tobacco leaf Pre-conditioning Conditioning equipment Water content

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用微柱高效液相色谱法测定烟草样品中的植物色素的研究

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分析测试学报 2004年第Z1期23卷 276-277页

作者：吴方评董学畅张甜杨光宇云南民族大学化学与生物技术学院云南昆明650031 云南省烟草科学研究院云南昆明650106

　　植物色素是烟草中的重要成分,烟叶调制过程中色素降解完全和得当,会使烟叶香气增加,色泽上等,因此研究烟草调制过程中的色素变化具有重要意义[1,2].烟草色素的测定常用分光光度法和液相色谱法[3～5],光度法准确性较差,传统的液相色... 详细信息

　　植物色素是烟草中的重要成分,烟叶调制过程中色素降解完全和得当,会使烟叶香气增加,色泽上等,因此研究烟草调制过程中的色素变化具有重要意义[1,2].烟草色素的测定常用分光光度法和液相色谱法[3～5],光度法准确性较差,传统的液相色谱法样品前处理较麻烦且分离时间长[6].……

关键词： Microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography tobacco leaf pigments tobacco leaf

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Relationship Between LOX Activity, SA and JA Accumulation in tobacco Leaves Under Water Stress

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第6期2卷 624-628页

作者： GONGChang-rong LIYan-mei YANGLi-jun AgriculturalCollege HenanAgriculturalUniversityZhengzhou45000gP.R.China KunmingInstituteofBotany ChineseAcademyofSciencesKunming650g04P.R.China tobaccoCompanyofZhumadianCity Zhumadian463000P.R.China

The relationship between LOX(lipoxygenase)activity, SA(salicylic acid)and JA(jasmonic acid)accumulation was studied in the tobacco leaf under water stress. The result showed that LOX activity and JA content increased simutaneously with losing of water . NDGA(nordihydroguaiaretic),an inhibitor of LOX, inhibited simultaneously both the activity of LOX and the enhancement of JA level under the stress. Likewise, adding LOX to tobacco cell-free system led to the increase of JA content. It suggested that LOX could be a key enzyme in JA biosynthesis under water stress. SA inhibited the enhancement of JA level under the stress.

关键词： tobacco leaf Lox SA JA Water stress,Cell-free system

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Research on the Construction and Function of a Chlorophyll Degradation Recombinant Engineering Strain

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第10期18卷 1788-1794页

作者： Zongcan YANG Zhan ZHANG Jianbin YE Yufu PENG Xiangzhen LIU Hongxia WANG Technology Center China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd. School of Food and Biological Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry

In order to effectively reduce the chlorophyll content in flue-cured tobacco, improve the overall quality of tobacco leaves, chlorophyllase gene was cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana. After the expression of the expression vector in E. coil, the recombinant engineering strain was obtained. Afterwards, IPTG （isopropy-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside）was used to induce the goal protein, and the chlorophyllase activity of the recombinant engineering strain was measured, so as to investigate its degradation effect on the chlorophyll in the extracts of tobacco leaves. The results were as follows：（1） the amplified chlorophyllase gene At- CLH1 constructed the expression vector pET28a-AtCLH1 successfully, obtaining the recombinant engineering strain; （2） induced under 30 ℃ for 22 h, the strain could well express the recombinant protein AtCLH1 with 0.5 mmol/L IPTG, and the molecular weight was about 35 kDa; （3） the strain showed good chlorophyllase producing capability, and the activity of the produced chlorophyllase could reach up to 24.9 U/mL, which could degrade the chlorophyll in tobacco extract and had a good application prospect in improving the quality of low quality tobacco; （4） based on the results of orthogonal test, the enzyme extract from the strain was added to the tobacco leaf surface, which could make the degradation rate of chlorophyll in the tobacco leaf reach 17.06% under the temperature of 37 ℃ at the humidity of 75% for 48 h; （5） after treated by the enzyme liquid, the test tobacco showed increase in the content of aromatic substances, enhancement of tobacco fragrance quality and amount, significant decrease of offensive odor and irritation, significant improvement of agreeable aftertaste, making the overall sensory quality of the tobacco leaf significantly improved.

关键词： tobacco leaf Degradation of chlorophyll Recombinant Engineering strain Protein expression Activity of chlorophyllase Orthogonal test Aroma substances Sensory quality

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GIS Based Aroma Characteristic for Regional Distribution of tobacco Using Kriging Interpolation Method Set in Henan Province of China

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2018年第4期25卷 71-78页

作者： Xu Yue-qi Wang Peng-ze Tao Tao Dang Xia Li Yan-zhou Wei Hui-qin Ma Wen-hui Yang Nan Pingdingshan Branch of Henan Province tobacco Company Pingdingshan 467000HenanChina Tianchang International tobacco Co. Ltd.Tianchang Redrying FactoryXuchang 461000HenanChina College of tobacco Science Henan Agricultural UniversityZhcngzhou 450002China Tianchang International tobacco Co. Ltd.Xuchang 461000HcnanChina

To study the regional distribution features of aroma characteristics, the regional distribution maps of aroma characteristics of 225 tobacco leaf samples from Henan Province were drawn by Kriging interpolation method in ArcGIS. The results showed that:(1) the aroma quality of flue-cured tobacco from Henan Province tobacco-growing areas ranged from better to slightly better and aroma quantity ranged from just a little to much. The ability of diffusiveness expressed slight to a little strong and the raw green odour, immature odour and ligneous odour were tiny;(2) there were significant differences between the aroma quality and scorched odour and no statistical differences among the aroma quantity, diffusiveness, raw green odour, ligneous odour and immature odour from different counties;(3) there were trends that scale of aroma quality increased from southwest to both north and east, aroma quantity showed a patchy distribution in space, diffusiveness decreased from east to west, scorched odour increased from west to both north and south, ligneous odour increased from north to south and green odour increased from south to north.

关键词： tobacco leaf sensory evaluation aroma characteristic regional distribution characteristic

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Study on Curing Effect and the Waste Heat Recovering Equipment Design of Flue Gas of Bulk Curing Barn

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2015年第12期16卷 2801-2804页

作者：刘大双徐增汉宋泽民杨晔马建彬肖振杰刘瑞峰葛永琴邹敏杰河北中烟工业有限责任公司河北石家庄050051 中国科学技术大学安徽合肥230052 贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司贵州都匀558000

In order to realize tobacco curing with energy saving and emission reduc- ing and lower cost, the waste heat recovering equipment was designed and built on blowing-upward type bulk curing barn. The comparative experiment of tobacco leaf curing was conducted between a bulk curing barn with waste heat of flue gas and conventional bulk curing barn. The results showed that the effect of saving coal in bulk curing barn with waste heat of flue gas was obvious than the contrast. The coal consumption quantity was 1.531 kg per kg of dry tobacco leaf. The saving coal in bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas was 0.181 kg per kg of dry tobacco leaf than the contrast and saving coal rate was 10.57%. The electricity consumption quantity was 0.593 kWh per kg of dry tobacco leaf. The saving elec- tricity quantity in bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas was 0.022 kWh/kg and the saving electricity rate was 3.58% than the contrast. The saving curing cost was 0.158 yuan per kg of dry tobacco leaf and saving cost rate 9.09% in bulk cur- ing barn with use waste heat of flue gas than the contrast. The appearance quality, grade structure and primary chemical composition had no significant difference be- tween bulk curing barn with use waste heat of flue gas and the contrast.

关键词： Bulk curing barn Waste heat recovering equipment of flue gas tobacco leaf Cudng effect

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Effects of Curing Techniques on Starch Contents of Leaves in Different tobacco Parts with Varying Maturity Degrees

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2014年第3期15卷 488-492页

作者：崔国民汪伯军许安定陈益银杨超罗以贵韩善红云南省烟草农业科学研究院云南昆明650201 重庆烟草科学研究所重庆400715 云南农业大学云南昆明650201

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of different curing techniques on starch contents of tobaccos from different growth parts and with varying maturity degrees in order to reduce starch content of Yunnan tobacco. [Method] Compar- isons were conducted on tobaccos from upper, middle and down parts （immature, premature, mature and excessive mature） by low temperature and low humidity cur- ing technique, moderate temperature and moderate humidity curing technique, mod- erate temperature and high humidity curing technique to measure starch contents before and after curing. [Result] The results showed starch content of tobacco was increasing upon growth part. Low temperature and low humidity curing technique has poor effects on reduction of starch content; moderate temperature and moderate humidity curing technique improves starch content; moderate temperature and high humidity curing technique dramatically reduces starch content of tobaccos. [Conclu- sion] With consideration of tobacco appearance, inner quality and characters, moder- ate temperature and moderate humidity curing technique is recommended for tobac- co production.

关键词： tobacco leaf Flue-curing technique Starch content

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