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An international guideline with six personalised titration schedules for preventing myocarditis and pneumonia associated with clozapine

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General Psychiatry 2022年第3期35卷 157-162页

作者： Jose de Leon Can-Jun Ruan Georgios Schoretsanitis Christopher Rohde Elif Anıl Yağcıoğlu Trino Baptista Oleg O Kirilochev Carlos De las Cuevas Christoph U Correll Mental Health Research Center Eastern State HospitalLexingtonKentuckyUSA 2 Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Net(CIBERSAM)Hospital Santiago ApóstolVitoria-GasteizSpain 3 Laboratory of Clinical PsychopharmacologyBeijing An Ding HospitalBeijingChina 4 The National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders&Beijing Key Lab of Mental DisordersBeijing An Ding HospitalBeijingChina 5 PsychiatryUniversity of ZürichZurichSwitzerland 6 Psychiatry ResearchZucker Hillside HospitalGlen OaksNew YorkUSA 7 Affective DisordersAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark 8 Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversitetAarhusDenmark 9 PsychiatryHacettepe UniversitesiAnkaraTurkey 10PhysiologyLos Andes University Medical SchoolMeridaBolivarian Republic of Venezuela 11Clinical PharmacologyAstrakhan State Medical UniversityAstrakhanAstrahanskaâRussian Federation 12Department of Internal MedicineDermatology and Psychiatry and Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia(IUNE)Universidad de La LagunaLa LagunaSpain 13Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany

White blood cell(WBC)monitoring has reduced clozapinetreated patient deaths associated with agranulocytosis to a rarity.However,clozapine protocols and package inserts worldwide provide no instructions for preventing myocarditis or pneumonia during clozapine titrations.Prescribers worldwide are largely unaware of that.Meanwhile,as they worry about agranulocytosis,their clozapine-treated patients are at risk of dying from pneumonia or myocarditis.Consequently,an international guideline with 104 authors from 50 countries/regions was recently published to provide personalised clozapine titration schedules for adult inpatients.This forum article reviews pneumonia and myocarditis occurring during clozapine titration,as well as the three most innovative aspects of this new guideline:(1)personalised titration,(2)C reactive protein(CRP)measures,and(3)dose predictions based on blood levels.Clozapine metabolism is influenced by 3 levels of complexity:(1)ancestry groups,(2)sex-smoking subgroups,and(3)presence/absence of poor metabolizer status.These 3 groups of variables should determine the maintenance dose and speed of clozapine titration;they are summarised in a table in the full-text.The international clozapine titration guideline recommends measuring CRP levels simultaneously with WBC,at baseline and weekly at least for the first 4 weeks of titration,the highest risk period for clozapine-induced myocarditis.

关键词： titration subgroups absence

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Determination of pKa values of alendronate sodium in aqueous solution by piecewise linear regression based on acid-base potentiometric titration

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第6期6卷 404-409页

作者： Jing Ke Hanfei Dou Ximin Zhang Dushimabararezi Serge Uhagaze Xiali Ding Yuming Dong Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis School of PharmacyLanzhou University Key Laboratory of Gansu Province Chinese Medicine Preparation of Solid Dispersion Gansu longshenrongfa Pharmaceutical Industry Co.Ltd.

As a mono-sodium salt form of alendronic acid,alendronate sodium presents multi-level ionization for the dissociation of its four hydroxyl groups.The dissociation constants of alendronate sodium were determined in this work by studying the piecewise linear relationship between volume of titrant and p H value based on acidbase potentiometric titration reaction.The distribution curves of alendronate sodium were drawn according to the determined p Ka values.There were 4 dissociation constants(pKa_1=2.43,pKa_2=7.55,pKa_3=10.80,pKa_4=11.99,respectively) of alendronate sodium,and 12 existing forms,of which 4 could be ignored,existing in different p H environments.

关键词： Dissociation constants Alendronate sodium Distribution curve Piecewise linear regression Acid-base potentiometric titration

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Interaction of Ca^(2+) and soil humic acid characterized by a joint experimental platform of potentiometric titration, UV–visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第3期40卷 300-311页

作者： Haiming Tang Baohua Xiao Peiwen Xiao State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081GuizhouChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Rocky desertification has become a major environmental issue in the karst region of southwestern China.Karst rocky desertification was more severe in regions of limestone soil than in adjacent regions of other soils,despite the relatively higher soil organic matter(SOM)content in limestone soil.The underlying mechanism remains ambiguous.We speculated that the geochemical characteristics of limestone soils in the karst region plays an essential role,especially the high calcium content of limestone soil.To test this hypothesis,we collected limestone soil samples from a limestone soil profile in the southwestern China karst region and extracted humic acid(HA)from these limestone soil samples.We investigated the interaction of Ca^(2+)and three HA samples on a joint experimental platform,which consists of an automatic potentiometric titrator,a UV–visible spectrometer,and a Fluorescence spectrometer.HA solutions were titrated by Ca^(2+)and optical spectra of the HA solutions were monitored during the titration experiments.The results indicated that:(1)the interaction of Ca^(2+)and HA is a combined process of adsorption and complexation.Adsorption dominated the overall distribution behavior of Ca^(2+),which could be fit by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.Complexation was distinguished only when the concentration of Ca2+is low;(2)the changes of UV–visible spectroscopy and excitation–emission matrix fluorescencespectroscopy spectra of HA samples when they were binding with Ca^(2+)implied the apparent molecular size and structure of HA became larger and more complex;(3)the combination of Ca^(2+)and HA plays an important role in the SOM preservation of limestone soils but the stability of the Ca–HA association was relatively weak.The present study draws attention to maintaining the relatively higher Ca^(2+)concentration in limestone soils in ecologic restoration attempts in karst regions.

关键词： Limestone soil Humic acid Calcium Interaction titration UV–Vis EEM

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Determination of Oxide in FLINAK Melt by Electrochemical titration Technique

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Rare Metals 1993年第2期12卷 97-102页

作者：王新东段淑贞 Christensen E. Von Barner J.H. Bjerrum N.J. University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083China The Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 LyngbyDenmark

The use of K2NbF7 as a probe solute for the cyclic voltammetric determination of oxide in FLINAK melts was studied and demonstrated. This method is based on a complex reaction and the peak current density of NbF72- reduction. The reaction constant was determined to be very large at 973 K. A cyclic voltammetric standard addition experiment was also employed to determine the amount of oxide in FLNAK melt. The oxide content of FLINAK melts is equal to the amount of Nb(V) added minus the amount of NbF72- which is obtained from the voltammogram.

关键词： Electrochemistry Liquid metals Niobium Oxides titration

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Method of Estimation of Chemical Compounds of a Solution by Analysis of Video Images of titration from a Semi-Automatic Approach

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第6期12卷 1069-1082页

作者： Marcelin Sandje Sie Ouattara Diako Doffou Jerome Alain Clément Laboratory of Signals and Electrical Systems (L2SE)) Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235 t Boigny Yamoussoukro C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Institut National Polytechnique Houphouë t Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Ecole Supérieure des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (ESATIC) Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique et Télécommunication (LARIT) Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Institut Universitaire de Technologie d’Angers (IUT) Angers France

To titrate or measure a chemical species in a solution is to estimate its quantity of matter or its molar concentration in a given solution. Several methods of estimating molar concentrations of chemical species exist, the main ones being Colorimetric titration, Conductimetric titration, pH metric titration. In practice, all these methods present approximative results because the operator repeats the experiment to ensure the reliability of the results. As a consequence, we have a prolonged time of the experiment which involves a cost in reagents. Given the repetitions of the same experiment, the final result is the average of the results of each experiment. The aim of this paper is to correct this subjectivity by implementing a semi-automatic approach based on colorimetric titration. At the end of the implementation of our approach, we compared our results to those of existing techniques. These results show the reliability of the calculation by the semi-automatic method. This method of estimating the volume at equivalence is fast because it is not manual and does not involve the use of geometric measuring instruments to find the volume at equivalence. This method improves the manual calculation of the volume at equivalence used in the laboratories in school and student environment.

关键词： titration Turning Equivalence Point Volume at Equivalence

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Determination the Hydrogen Stored in Carbon Nanotubes by NO titration Method

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2001年第11期12卷 1015-1018页

作者： Shui Hua TANG Li Zhen GAO Bao Chun LIU He LI Bo Lan ZHANG Liang Fu ZHANG Zuo Long YU Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 61004 Institute of Chemical Engineering Materials CAEPMianyang 621900

A novel method was established to determine the H-2-storage capacity in carbon nanotubes. According to 2NO+2H(2) (or 4H) = N-2+2H(2)O reaction, the H-2-storage capacity in carbon nanotubes could be calculated. The H-2... 详细信息

关键词： NO titration hydrogen storage carbon nanotubes

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A titration microcalorimeter and the vesicle of mixed surfactants

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Science China Chemistry 2000年第6期43卷 617-624页

作者：白光月王玉洁王金本杨冠英韩布兴闫海科 Center of molecular science Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

A titration microcalorimeter with the sample cells of 1 mL and 3 mL volume was constructed by combining LKB-2107 ampule microcalorimeter with an improved Thermometric titration microcalorimeter. Its sensitivity and precision were tested with the baseline noise and stability, the measurement of energy equivalent, and the linear relation of electric energy and integral area as the function of voltage (V)-time (f). Its accuracy was demonstrated by measuring the dilution enthalpy of a concentrated sucrose solution and the micelle-forming enthalpy of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution respectively. At the same time, the enthalpy of interaction between SDS and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) was measured by using the titration microcalorimeter, and the phase behavior of SDS-DDAB aqueous mixture was discussed. The microcalorimetric results show that the enthalpy of interaction between SDS and DDAB micelles is -29.53 kJ/mol, the enthalpy of formation of 1:1 SDS-DDAB salt is -125.8 kJ/mol,

关键词： titration microcalorimeter surfactant molecular self-assemble vesicle.

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THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF FREQUENCYMETRIC titration

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Science China Chemistry 1992年第5期35卷 513-522页

作者：莫志浤聂利华姚守拙 New Material Research Institute Hunan University Changsha 410082 PRC

Theory on frequencymetric titration has been proposed based on equivalent circuit of piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) in liquid and oscillation equation of TTL-PQC oscillator, and the theoretical equation derived representing the frequency shift with respect to the solution conductivity. Practical examples of various types of titration are given in this paper.

关键词： frequencymetric titration piezoelectric quartz crystal frequency shift conductivity.

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Determination of Carboxyl Group on Fabric by Acid-base titration

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Journal of China Textile University(English Edition) 1998年第4期15卷 10-12页

作者：胡逊周翔 China Textile Univ Shanghai China

Polycarboxylic acids have been widely researched as non-formaldehyde DP finishes since late 1980s. However, there has no satisfied wet chemical method for quantifi-cation the carboxylic groups or the esterlinkages on fab-ric, which is important in investigation some basic as-pects of the esterification between polycarboxylic acids and cellulose. In this paper, the wet chemical analysis method, Ca(AC)2 back - titration, had been established to determinate the COOH on fabric. The reliability of this method had also been proved.

关键词： polycarboxylic acid titration

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POTENTIOMETRIC titration OF CALCIUM IN SEAWATER

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1997年第1期15卷 32-35页

作者：谢式南纪红吴爱琴陈国华

By using calcium ion selective elatrode (Ca ISE) as indicating electrode, saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as reference electrode and EGTA as titrant, calcium in seawater was determined by potentiometric titration in borate buffer solution. This method can reduce observation errors in the determination of the endpoint, and thus provide better analytical precision(titration.

关键词： calcium ion selective elatrode calcium seawater potentiometric titration

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