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Subsoil tillage enhances wheat productivity,soil organic carbon and available nutrient status in dryland fields

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 251-266页

作者： Qiuyan Yan Linjia Wu Fei Dong Shuangdui Yan Feng Li Yaqin Jia Jiancheng Zhang Ruifu Zhang Xiao Huang Institute of Wheat Research Shanxi Agricultural UniversityLinfen 041000China State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(in preparation) Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiyuan 030031China College of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801China Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization National Engineering Research Center for Organicbased FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

tillage practices during the fallow period benefit water storage and yield in dryland wheat crops.However,there is currently no clarity on the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),and available nutrients to tillage practices within the growing season.This study evaluated the effects of three tillage practices(NT,no tillage;SS,subsoil tillage;DT,deep tillage)over five years on soil physicochemical properties.Soil samples at harvest stage from the fifth year were analyzed to determine the soil aggregate and aggregate-associated C and N fractions.The results indicated that SS and DT improved grain yield,straw biomass and straw carbon return of wheat compared with NT.In contrast to DT and NT,SS favored SOC and TN concentrations and stocks by increasing the soil organic carbon sequestration rate(SOCSR)and soil nitrogen sequestration rate(TNSR)in the 0-40 cm layer.Higher SOC levels under SS and NT were associated with greater aggregate-associated C fractions,while TN was positively associated with soluble organic nitrogen(SON).Compared with DT,the NT and SS treatments improved soil available nutrients in the 0-20 cm layer.These findings suggest that SS is an excellent practice for increasing soil carbon,nitrogen and nutrient availability in dryland wheat fields in North China.

关键词： tillage dryland wheat fields soil aggregate size soil nutrients soil carbon and nitrogen fractions

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Straw return influences the structure and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a rice-wheat rotation system

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 339-350页

作者： Silong ZHAI Junjie XIE Zongyi TONG Bing YANG Weiping CHEN Roger TKOIDE Yali MENG Xiaomin HUANG Atta Mohi Ud DIN Changqing CHEN Haishui YANG College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Biology Brigham Young UniversityProvo UT 84602USA Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China National Research Center of Intercropping The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Straw return is a sustainable soil fertility-building practice,which can affect soil microbial communities.However,how straw return affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)is not well explored.Here,we studied the impacts of different straw management treatments over eight years on the structure and functioning of AMF communities in a rice-wheat rotation system.The straw management treatments included no tillage with no straw(NTNS),rotary tillage straw return(RTSR),and ditch-buried straw return(DBSR).The community structure of AMF was characterized using high-throughput sequencing,and the mycorrhizal functioning was quantified using an in situ mycorrhizal-suppression treatment.Different straw management treatments formed unique AMF community structure,which was closely related to changes in soil total organic carbon,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,ammonium,and nitrate.When compared with NTNS,RTSR significantly increased Shannon diversity in 0–10 cm soil layer,while DBSR increased it in 10–20 cm soil layer;DBSR significantly increased hyphal length density in the whole ploughing layer(0–20 cm),but RTSR only increased it in the subsurface soil layer(10–20 cm).The mycorrhizal responses of shoot biomass and nutrient(N and P)uptake were positive under both straw return treatments(RTSR and DBSR),but negative under NTNS.The community composition of AMF was significantly correlated to hyphal length density,and the latter was further a positive predictor for the mycorrhizal responses of plant growth and nutrient uptake.These findings suggest that straw return can affect AMF community structure and functioning,and farmers should manage mycorrhizas to strengthen their beneficial effects on crop production.

关键词： community structure hyphal length density shoot biomass shoot N uptake shoot P uptake soil physicochemical properties straw management tillage

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Improved and sustainable agroecosystem, food security andenvironmental resilience through zero tillage with emphasis on soilsof temperate and subtropical climate regions: A review

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 530-545页

作者： Waseem Hassan Yu'e Li Tahseen Saba Fanta Jabbi Bin Wang Andong Cai Jianshuang Wu Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences100081BeijingChina Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River College of ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China

tillage is one of the agricultural management practices that significantly impacts agroecosystems,crop production,and the environment.Conventional tillage(CT)practices alter the soil environment and induce organic constituents’decomposition and the emission of greenhouse gases(GHGs),which contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming.Low organic matter,biological diversity,aggregate stability,high erosion and degradation of the soil environment,and sequestration strength are additional factors associated with CT,which negatively affect food security and environmental sustainability.As a result,CT is no more beneficial in the long run;consequently,zero tillage(ZT)could be a viable candidate for sustainable agriculture.The review to establish this systematically compared and summarized the effect of tillage systems(i.e.CT and ZT)by synthesizing and interpreting published data(>150 peer-reviewed articles)with>200 observations on soil ecosystem services and properties/agroecosystem,crop yield/food security,GHG emission,and carbon sequestration/environmental resilience.The review established that ZT improves soil structure,aggregate stability,biological diversity,organic matter and nutrients,water and water use efficiency,and reduces soil degradation,erosion,tillage machinery impacts,and GHG emissions.It allows timely seeding and better crop growth,increases yield and food security,improves carbon sequestration,strengthens soil storage potential,and helps to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on environmental resilience.Based on various latent direct and indirect benefits,resource-saving ability,and broad adoption scope of ZT,it is corroborated that ZT is a practical and potential approach for improved and sustainable agroecosystem,food security,and environmental resilience.

关键词： soil tillage agroecosystem

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Fertilization and Soil Ploughing Practices under Changing Physical Environment Lead to Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics under Conservation Agriculture in Rice-Wheat Cropping System: A Scoping Review

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 82-113页

作者： Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal Arvind Kumar Shukla Sanjib Kumar Behera Sarwan Kumar Dubey Agniva Mandal Mehakpreet Kaur Randhawa Sharanjit Kaur Brar Gagandeep Kaur Amardeep Singh Toor Sohan Singh Walia Priyadarshani Arun Khambalkar Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Gwalior India Indian Institute of Soil Science (ISSS) Bhopal India Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (ICAR-CSSRI) Karnal India Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur India Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State University Pullman USA School of Organic Farming Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India Department of Soil Science Rajmata Vijayaraje Sciendia Krishi Viswa Vidalaya Gwalior India

Ploughing and fertilization practices in rice-wheat system have deteriorated the soil carbon (C) pools. Conservation agriculture (CA) based management approaches have proven to enhance C sequestration and reverse the loss of soil-organic-carbon (SOC), which further enhances soil fertility. Different fractions of SOC pools react to the alterations in management practices and indicate changes in SOC dynamics as compared to total C in the soil. Higher SOC levels in soil have been observed in case of reduced/no-till (NT) practices than conventional tillage (CT). However, between CT and zero tillage/NT, total SOC stocks diminished with an increase in soil depth, which demonstrated that the benefits of SOC are more pronounced in the topsoil under NT. Soil aggregation provides physical protection to C associated with different-sized particles, thus, the improvement in soil aggregation through CA is an effective way to mitigate soil C loss. Along with less soil disturbance, residual management, suitable crop rotation, rational application of manures and fertilizers, and integrated nutrient management have been found to be effective in not only improving soil C stock but also enhancing the soil health and productivity. Thus, CA can be considered as a potential method in the build-up of SOC of soil in rice-wheat system.

关键词： tillage Conservation Agriculture Soil Organic Carbon Carbon Fractions Rice-Wheat System Organic Amendments

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Better tillage selection before ridge–furrow film mulch can facilitate root proliferation, and increase nitrogen accumulation,translocation and grain yield of maize in a semiarid area

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1658-1670页

作者： ZHANG Miao-miao DANG Peng-fei LIYu-ze QIN Xiao-liang Kadambot H.M.SIDDIQUE College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture&Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6001Australia

Plastic film mulch systems are used widely in arid areas, and the associated tillage measures affect soil properties, root and crop growth, and nutrient uptake. However, much debate surrounds the most suitable tillage method for plastic film mulch systems. We conducted a two-year field experiment to explore the impact of three tillage treatments-rotary tillage before ridge–furrow plastic film mulch(MR), no-tillage before ridge–furrow plastic film mulch(MZ), and plow tillage before ridge–furrow plastic film mulch(MP)-on soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, root stratification structure,nitrogen transfer and utilization, and maize yield. The results showed that MP had better soil quality than either MR or MZ over 2019 and 2020, with higher nitrate-nitrogen and total nitrogen in the 0–40 cm soil layer. MP improved the soil physicochemical properties more than the other treatments, producing significantly higher root numbers and root biomass for the aerial and underground nodal roots than MR and MZ. At harvest, MP had the highest root biomass density,root length density, and root surface area density in the different soil layers(0–20, 20–40, and 0–40 cm). Significant correlations occurred between root biomass and aboveground nitrogen accumulation during maize growth. During grain filling, MP had the greatest nitrogen transfer amount, significantly increasing root and aboveground nitrogen transfer by 19.63–45.82% and 11.15–24.56%, respectively, relative to the other treatments. MP significantly produced 1.36–26.73%higher grain yields and a higher grain crude protein content at harvest than MR and MZ. MP also had higher values for the nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake efficiency, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer than MR and MZ.In conclusion, plow tillage combined with a ridge–furrow plastic film mulch system facilitated maize root development and improved nitrogen utilization, thereby increasing maize yield more than the other treatments.

关键词： maize tillage plastic film mulch root nitrogen transfer

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Soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of soil CO_2 efflux before and after tillage in a wheat field of Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第1期23卷 79-86页

作者： Hongxing Zhang Xiaoke Wang Zongwei Feng Junzhu Pang Fei Lu Zhiyun Ouyang Hua Zheng Wenzhao Liu Dafeng Hui State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Shaanxi 722400 China Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd. Nashville TN 37209 USA

As a conventional farming practice, tillage has lasted for thousands of years in Loess Plateau, China. Although recent studies show that tillage is a prominent culprit to soil carbon loss in croplands, few studies have investigated the influences of tillage on the responses of soil CO2 efflux （SCE） to soil temperature and moisture. Using a multi-channel automated CO2 efflux chamber system, we measured SCE in situ continuously before and after the conventional tillage in a rain fed wheat field of Loess Plateau, China. The changes in soil temperature and moisture sensitivities of SCE, denoted by the Q10 value and linear regression slope respectively, were compared in the same range of soil temperature and moisture before and after the tillage. The results showed that, after the tillage, SCE increased by 1.2-2.2 times; the soil temperature sensitivity increased by 36.1%-37.5%; and the soil moisture sensitivity increased by 140%-166%. Thus, the tillage-induced increase in SCE might partially be attributed to the increases in temperature and moisture sensitivity of SCE.

关键词： soil CO2 efflux Loess Plateau moisture sensitivity temperature sensitivity tillage wheat field

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tillage and no-tillage effects on physical and chemical properties of an Argiaquoll soil under long-term crop rotation in Buenos Aires, Argentina

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第2期8卷 185-194页

作者： Ana Clara Sokolowski Barbara Prack McCormick Javier De Grazia José E.Wolski Hernán A.Rodríguez Eric P.Rodríguez-Frers María C.Gagey Silvina P.Debelis Ileana R.Paladino Mónica B.Barrios Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasRP N°4 Km 2LlavallolCP 1836Buenos AiresArgentina

No-tillage systems are able to reduce the negative effects of agricultural intensification on soil properties. However, knowledge of long-term impacts of no-tillage systems on soil properties is insufficient. It is essential to know which soil quality indicators are the most sensitive to management practices in each particular environment. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine which soil quality prop-erties are more sensitive to the impact of two tillage systems in a vertic Argiaquoll soil from Buenos Aires, Argentina. This work started in 2006 and included crop rotation and tillage systems, including both tillage and no-tillage. Physical and chemical properties were measured in three consecutive years (2013-2015) at two depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). The tillage system modified soil physical and chemical properties, mainly in the surface layer. No-tillage showed significantly higher bulk density (2013-2015 p tillage. Soil saturation (or total porosity) was significantly greater under tillage. The tillage system did not affect hydraulic conductivity, total nitrogen and extractable phosphorus from the surface, nor physical and chemical properties from the second depth. No-tillage alleviates, but is not enough to mitigate, the loss of soil organic carbon and aggregate stability caused by continuous cropping in this vertic Argiaquall. Bulk density, organic carbon, aggregates stability and saturation are indicators for future studies performed in environments with similar soil and climate conditions.

关键词： tillage Direct seeding Soil quality Soil properties Long-term field experiment

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Effects of tillage managements and maize straw returning on soil microbiome using 16S rDNA sequencing

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第6期61卷 765-777页

作者： Xinyao Xia Piaopiao Zhang Linlin He Xingxing Gao Weijun Li Yuanyuan Zhou Zongxin Li Hui Li Long Yang Agricultural Big-Data Research Center College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China Maize Research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100China School of Biological Science and Technology University of JinanJinan 250022China Department of Clinical Taishan Medical UniversityTaian 271016China

Agricultural practices could affect bacterial diversity and community structure by altering soil physical and chemical properties. Straw returning and tillage practices are widely used in agriculture, however, the effects of these agricultural practices on microbiomes are still unclear. In the present study, we compared the 18 bacterial communities of soil with different straw returning and tillage treatment combinations. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA were amplified and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the bacterial communities were consistently dominated by Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi. Short-term straw returning and tillage practices significantly altered the diversity, relative abundance and functions of the soil microbiome. Soil subjected to rotary tillage and straw returning (RTS) combination possessed the highest bacterial diversity and lowest ratio of G+/G- bacteria, indicating that RTS could be an efficient integrated management system to improve microbiome in the short term. Double verifications based on relative abundance and network analysis, revealed close relationships of Mycobacterium and Methylibium with RTS, indicating they could serve as biomarkers for RTS. Investigating microbial changes under different agricultural practices will provide valuable foundations for land sustainable utilization and increase crop yields.

关键词： tillage managements maize straw returning microbiome using

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Persistence in tillage decisions: Aggregate data analysis

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第2期7卷 109-118页

作者： Dat Q.Tran Lyubov A.Kurkalova University of Arkansas at Fayetteville AR 72701Department of Agricultural Economics and AgribusinessUSA Can Tho University Department of Hydraulic EngineeringVietnam 1601 E.Market St. GreensboroNC27411North Carolina A&T State UniversityDepartment of EconomicsUSA 1601 E.Market St. GreensboroNC27411North Carolina A&T State UniversityDepartment of Energy and Environmental SystemsUSA

The Emission Gap Report 2013 from the United Nations Environment Program showed that adopting conservation tillage such as no-till,as an alternative to conventional tillage,contributes significantly to climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration.However,substantial amounts of soil carbon are lost when farmers interrupt continuous use of conservation tillage with conventional tillage.Conservation tillage is spreading,but little is known about the behavioral persistence in tillage decisions.To address the gap in the literature,we estimate county-specific Markov models of tillage-crop choices,and use the predicted probabilities of alternative two-and three-year tillage rotations to evaluate spatial variation and temporal persistence in conservation tillage adoption for the state of lowa (U.S).We find that the county-average probabilities of continuous conservation tillage range between 0.133 and 0.295,and vary significantly among crop rotations.We also find a statistically strong positive effect of the incidence of the highly erodible land on the county-average use of continuous conservation tillage.Our results underscore the importance of dynamic modeling for understanding behavioral persistence in tillage decisions,and the interdependence between farmers' crop and tillage rotations.

关键词： Aggregate data Continuous conservation tillage Markov chain model Crop rotations Highly erodible land

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Effects of different tillage and straw retention practices on soil aggregates and carbon and nitrogen sequestration in soils of the northwestern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第4期11卷 567-578页

作者： WU Jun Yeboah STEPHEN CAI Liqun ZHANG Renzhi QI Peng LUO Zhuzhu LI Lingling XIE Junhong DONG Bo College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid land Crop Science Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China Crops Research Institute Kumasi3785Ghana College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China

Soil tillage and straw retention in dryland areas may affect the soil aggregates and the distribution of total organic carbon. The aims of this study were to establish how different tillage and straw retention practices affect the soil aggregates and soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) contents in the aggregate fractions based on a long-term(approximately 15 years) field experiment in the semi-arid western Loess Plateau, northwestern China. The experiment included four soil treatments, i.e., conventional tillage with straw removed(T), conventional tillage with straw incorporated(TS), no tillage with straw removed(NT) and no tillage with straw retention(NTS), which were arranged in a complete randomized block design. The wet-sieving method was used to separate four size fractions of aggregates, namely, large macroaggregates(LA, >2000 μm), small macroaggregates(SA, 250–2000 μm), microaggregates(MA, 53–250 μm), and silt and clay(SC, tillage practices(including T and TS treatments), the percentages of the macroaggregate fractions(LA and SA) under the conservation tillage practices(including NT and NTS treatments) were increased by 41.2%–56.6%, with the NTS treatment having the greatest effect. For soil layers of 0–5, 5–10 and 10–30 cm, values of the mean weight diameter(MWD) under the TS and NTS treatments were 10.68%, 13.83% and 17.65%, respectively. They were 18.45%, 19.15% and 14.12% higher than those under the T treatment, respectively. The maximum contents of the aggregate-associated SOC and TN were detected in the SA fraction, with the greatest effect being observed for the NTS treatment. The SOC and TN contents were significantly higher under the NTS and TS treatments than under the T treatment. Also, the increases in SOC and TN levels were much higher in the straw-retention plots than in the straw-removed plots. The macroaggregates(including LA and SA fractions) were the major pools for SOC and TN, regardless of tillage practices, storing 3.25–6.81 g C/kg soil

关键词： soil aggregates soil organic carbon total nitrogen straw management tillage practices Loess Plateau

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