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Regional selection of insecticides and fungal biopesticides to control aphids and thrips and improve the forage quality of alfalfa crops

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 185-194页

作者： PAN Fan GAO Li-jie ZHU Kai-hui DU Gui-lin ZHU Meng-meng ZHAO Li GAO Yu-lin TU Xiong-bing ZHANG Ze-hua State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China College of Animal Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001P.R.China National Animal and Husbandry Service Beijing 100125P.R.China Institute of Plant Protection Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesYinchuan 750002P.R.China College of Agriculture Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052P.R.China

The efficacies of biological and conventional chemical insecticides against two major insect pests of alfalfa(aphids and thrips)were compared in three sites across China’s alfalfa belt.In addition,the persistence of the residues of chemical insecticides in alfalfa and their influence on the quality of alfalfa hay were examined.Efficacy varied among the different biological and chemical insecticides.The chemical insecticides were significantly more effective than biopesticides in a short time-frame.The efficacy period of biopesticides was significantly longer than that of chemical insecticides,and the corrected mortality rate of aphids in all regions was above 50%at 14 days after application.The analysis of pesticide residues showed that the residual doses of all the pesticides were within the allowed ranges after the safe period.The acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents in alfalfa hay were higher and the protein content was lower in chemical insecticide treatments than in biopesticide treatments in Hebei.The relative feeding value of alfalfa hay treated with Metarhizium anisopliae IPP330189 was the highest among the treatments.Compared with chemical insecticides,the yield of alfalfa hay was higher in the biopesticides treatments.Biopesticides show a stronger control effect on insect populations and also a better improvement in the quality of alfalfa hay than chemical insecticides.This study provides a basis for exploring and developing a comprehensive control regime for alfalfa insect pests in the different alfalfa-growing regions in China,and for reducing chemical insecticide usage and improving forage quality.

关键词： insect pest control pollution free control pesticide residue aphids thrips

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Involvement of sweet pepper Ca LOX2 in jasmonate-dependent induced defence against Western flower thrips

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第10期61卷 1085-1098页

作者： Sandeep J Sarde Klaas Bouwmeester Jhon Venegas-Molina Anja David Wilhelm Boland Marcel Dicke Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands Laboratory of Phytopathology Wageningen University P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 D-07745 Jena Germany

Insect herbivory can seriously hinder plant performance and reduce crop yield. thrips are minute cell-content-feeding insects that are important vectors of viral plant pathogens, and are serious crop pests. We investigated the role of a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) lipoxygenase gene, CaLOX2, in the defense of pepper plants against Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). This was done through a combination of in-silico, transcrip-tional, behavioral andchemicalanalyses.Our datashowthat CaLOX2 is involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and mediates plant resistance. Expression of the JA-related marker genes, CaLOX2 and CaPIN II, was induced by thrips feeding. Silencing of CaLOX2 in pepper plants through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in low levels of CaLOX2 transcripts, as well as significant reduction in the accumulation of JA, and its derivatives, upon thrips feeding compared to control plants. CaLOX2-silenced pepper plants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to thrips. This indicates that CaLOX2 mediates JA-dependent signaling, resulting in defenseagainstthrips. Furthermore,exogenous application of JA to pepper plants increased plant resistance to thrips, constrained thrips population development and made plants less attractive to thrips. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach shows that an intact lipoxygenase pathway mediates various components of sweet pepper defense against F. occidentalis.

关键词： Western flower thrips sweet pepper CaLOX2 jasmonate

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thrips: Pests of Concern to China and the United States

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第6期10卷 867-892页

作者： Smart R Reitz GAO Yu-lin LEI Zhong-ren Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Tallahassee FL 32308 USA State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 P.R.China

thrips are among the most important agricultural pests globally because of the damage inflicted by their oviposition, feeding, and ability to transmit plant viruses. Because of their invasiveness, a number of pest species are common to both China and the United States and present significant challenges to growers of a wide range of crops in both countries. Among the pest thrips common to both countries are four of the major global thrips pests, Frankliniella occidentalis （Pergande）, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, thrips palmi Karny, and thrips tabaci Lindeman. This review addresses characteristics that enable thrips to be such damaging pests and how biological attributes of thrips create challenges for their management. Despite these challenges, a number of successful management tactics have been developed for various cropping systems. We discuss some of these tactics that have been developed, including the use of cultural controls, biological controls, and judicious use of insecticides that do not disrupt overall pest management programs. The exchange of this type of information will help to facilitate management of pest thrips, especially in regions where species have recently invaded. A prime example is F. occidentalis, the western flower thrips, which is native to the United States, but has recently invaded China. Therefore, management tactics developed in the United States can be adapted to China. Because further success in management of thrips requires a thorough understanding of thrips ecology, we discuss areas of future research and emphasize the importance of collaboration among different countries to enhance our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of thrips and to improve management programs for these widespread pests.

关键词： Frankliniella Scirtothrips thrips Tospovirus behavioral ecology pest status integrated pest management

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Diversity, Host Plant Range and Distribution of thrips spp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Three Vegetable Production Basins in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Entomology 2023年第3期11卷 143-155页

作者： Madi Nacanabo Issaka Zida Wendnéyidé Mathieu Sawadogo Maxime Ouattara Rémi Dabiré Babo Boniface Bakouan Souleymane Nacro Centre Agricole Polyvalent de Matourkou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Direction Régionale de Recherches Environnementales et Agricoles de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut du Développement Rural Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre Régional de Recherches Environnementales Agricoles et de Formation de Kamboinsé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Onion is the most important vegetable produced in Burkina Faso. It contributes to food and nutrition security and is a source of income for farmers. thrips, which feed on the leaves of the plant, are the main insect pest of onion. The objective of this study was to access the diversity, the host range and the distribution of thrips spp. in three main onion production areas in Burkina Faso. Three sites were chosen in each vegetable production basin, and plant species present were sampled and inspected to determine their thrips’ infestation status. Seventeen cultivated or wild plant species were attacked by thrips. The incidence of attacks was highest on zucchini plants followed by cucumber, eggplant, and onion, respectively. Six thrips species were recorded of which thrips tabaci (Lindemman) represented more than 70% of the total. The average density of thrips spp. per plant varied significantly between production basins and plant species. The highest average number of thrips spp. per plant was recorded on zucchini (40.28 ± 10.28;17.43 ± 13.48 and 14.33 ± 7.11 respectively in the North, Hauts Bassins, and Central Plateau). This study provided basic information that can lead to further research and the development of control methods.

关键词： Onion thrips Diversity Host Plants Burkina Faso

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Efficacy of Reduced-Risk Insecticides to Control Flower thrips in Early-Season Blueberries and Their Effect on <i>Orius insidiosus</i>, a Natural Enemy of Flower thrips

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 356-370页

作者： Oscar E. Liburd Hector Alejandro Arevalo Elena M. Rhodes Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Flower thrips are one of the key pests in production of southern highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. × V. darrowi Camp). They feed on the reproductive parts of the flower and reduce yield. Very few insecticides are available to manage thrips population. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate pre-existing and experimental insecticides for their efficacy against thrips. There is also a high demand for reduced-risk insecticides that are less toxic to beneficial insects and the environment. In this study, a number of conventional and reduced-risk insecticides were evaluated against flower thrips on farms in Florida and Georgia and in the laboratory. The best performing insecticides were also evaluated in the laboratory for their effects on Orius insidiosus Say, which is a common thrips’ predator in Florida. Assail 70WP (Acetamiprid) and SpinTor 2SC (Spinosad) were the most promising insecticides in reducing thrips numbers in the field as well as in laboratory experiments. SpinTor 2SC killed all of the thrips in laboratory arenas within 4 hours of application and showed low toxicity toward O. insidiosus. All of the compounds tested performed as well as the conventional pesticide malathion.

关键词： Blueberries Flower thrips Frankliniella Insecticides Orius insidiosus

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Developmental and Reproductive Performance of the Tobacco thrips, <i>Frankliniella fusca</i>(Hinds) (Insecta: Thysanoptera), on Leaves of Nicotiana spp.

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第6期5卷 555-559页

作者： Shiro Nakao Chisako Chikamori School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan

Tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, which is a vector of Tospovirus, is a serious pest of tobacco, peanuts, and cotton in the United States. It was said that immigration of the adult thrips from weed hosts into crop fields is a cause of TSWV epidemy in the field. Recently this pest thrips was introduced into Japan. We investigated survival rate, developmental time, and fecundity of a Japanese strain of F. fusca on leaves of tobacco, peanut, and green bean at 18°C. thrips could not complete larval development on 3 Nicotiana species, N. tabacum, N. gossei, and N. rustica. On the other hand, survival rate from hatching to adult emergence on peanut and green bean is 78% and 86%, respectively. A female adult thrips lived during about 25 days and deposited 101 eggs on green bean, but died within 10 days without ovipositing on Nicotiana spp. The tobacco is not a reproductive host plant that permits tobacco thrips to propagate, but an adult food source that is susceptible of TSWV.

关键词： Tobacco thrips Groundnut Green Bean Fecundity Survival Rate

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Field Efficacy Test of 22% Fipronil FS against Sugarcane Stem Borers and thrips

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2016年第4期7卷 23-26页

作者： Wang Zeping Liu Lu Jiang Hongtao Zhang Gemin Huang Weihua Liang Qiang Duan Weixing Li Yijie Wei Jinju Qin Zhenqiang Huang Chenghua Lin Shanhai Sugarcane Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research CenterChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi)the Ministry of Agriculture

[ Objective] The paper was to explore the field efficacy of 22% fipronil FS against sugarcane stem borer and thrips （Baliothrips serratus Kobus ）. [ Method] The field trial was conducted by foliar spraying of 22% fipronil FS and mixed broadcasting with fertilizer in 2014. [ Result ] Foliar spraying of 22% fipronil FS at the dose of 50 mIV667 m~ had the best control effect against sugarcane stem borer, and the control effect at 90 d post administration was 70.70%, significantly higher than that of control agent （61.86%）. Medium and high dose of 22% fipronil FS had better control effects against sugarcane thrips. [ Conclusion ] Considering control effects against sugarcane stem borers and thrips as well as sugarcane yield, it is recommended that 22% fipronil FS is sprayed at medium concentration （50 mL/667 m2 ）.

关键词： Fipronil Stem borer thrips Control effect

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Prediction Method and Green Control Technology of thrips on Winter Vegetable Cowpea in Sanya City

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2017年第3期8卷 4-5,20页

作者： Mai Changqing Wang Shuo Yuan Weifang Forecasting Station of Sanya Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center

[ Objectives ] The paper investigated the occurrence and damage of thrips on winter vegetable cowpea in Sanya City, to summarize prediction method and control measures against the insect pest. [ Methods] Prediction through analogy suggested that cowpea could be damaged by thrips throughout the entire growth period. [Results] The peak occurrence and damage period of thrips was after transplanting of cowpea from December to early March in the following year. The occurrence of thrips was severe in the case of high temperature and drought, or was light when encountering rainy season. [ Conclusions ] Using fivepoint sampling method, blue boards were hanged up for monitoring （five pieces each point, specifieation 25 cm × 30 cm）. When the number of thrips on blue board reached 10 specimen/piece, it was the optimal control period of thrips, and different prevention and control measures could be adopted according to the specifi growth stages of cowpea.

关键词： thrips Occurrence regularity Prediction Green control

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A Preliminary Study on the Regularity of Outbreak of thrips in Asparagus-bean Interplanting Fields

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2020年第4期9卷 131-133页

作者： Yanpo CAO Xiaolei CAO Yu TIAN Yingtao SUN Huiling YAN Yajing ZHU Huimin GAO Cash and Crops Institute of Agriculture Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang 050051China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the composition and occurrence regularity of thrips in asparagus-soybean intercropping fields.[Methods]The species and occurrence dynamics of thrips in asparagus-bean intercropping fields in Luquan District of Shijiazhuang were investigated.[Results]There were 7 species of thrips in this area,namely,tobacco thrips[thrips alliorum(Priesner)],western flower thrips[Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)],Scolothrips takahashii Priesner,Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagrall),Sussericothrips melilotus Han and Aeolothrips fasciatus.As the dominant species,tobacco thrips had two peak outbreaks in late June and late September,and maintained a high quantity level for a long time.Other thrips had fewer population and different occurrence time,but were greatly affected by temperature,humidity and host crop species.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the forecast and comprehensive control of thrips in North China.

关键词： thrips Tobacco thrips Dynamic

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Tiny insects against the weather flight and foraging patterns of Frankliniella schultzei (Thripidae) not altered by onset of rainfall

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1119-1127页

作者： Lachlan C.Jones Brodie J.Foster Michelle A.Rafter Gimme H.Walter School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustrafia

To survive in nature,organisms may need to take direct action to mitigate specific dangers from their environmental surroundings.Tiny flying insects are thought to be at particular risk from rainfall that would be of negligible concern to larger animals.The study species Frankliniella schultzei is a thrips that inhabits flowers and feeds mostly on petal tissue and pollen.While found to respond in the laboratory to decreases in atmospheric pressure associated with cyclonic conditions (rather than merely heavy rainfall),their responses to conditions preceding rainfall have not been tested in the field.Initial field sampling investigated the relationship between floral development and sites at which male,female,and larval thrips were generally present on sunny days.We then designed a sampling strategy to test if these thrips can anticipate imminent rainfall or storms and so seek shelter deep within flowers,by sampling host flowers (in sections)on multiple days with different weather conditions.Sticky traps were used to intercept thrips in flight,thus providing a measure of flight behavior across different days.The initial sampling found adult thrips primarily at the petal apex of anthesis-stage flowers where pollen is distributed. We subsequently found that rainfall,atmospheric pressure change,temperature,humidity and wind had no effect on flight behavior of E schultzei,or on their positions within flowers.These findings suggest rainfall is not a serious hazard for them.Perhaps thrips can survive raindrop collisions during flight,as impacts with water droplets are not expected to break the surface tension.

关键词： barometric pressure Frankliniella schultzei Malvaviscus arboreus rainfall shelter thrips

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