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Thermodynamic Effects on Particle Movement:wind Tunnel Simulation Results

Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第2期22卷 178-187页

作者： NIU Qinghe QU Jianjun ZHANG Kecun LIU Xianwan Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Dunhuang 736200 China Gansu Center for Sand Hazard Reduction Engineering and Technology Lanzhou 730000 China

Sand/dust storms are some of the main hazards in arid and semi-arid zones. These storms also influence global environmental changes. By field observations, empirical statistics, and numerical simulations, pioneer researchers on these natural events have concluded the existence of a positive relationship between thermodynamic effects and sand/dust storms. Thermodynamic effects induce an unsteady stratified atmosphere to influence the process of these storms. However, studies on the relationship of thermodynamic effects with particles (i.e., sand and dust) are limited. In this article, wind tunnel with heating was used to simulate the quantitative relationship between thermodynamic effects and particle movement on different surfaces. Compared with the cold state, the threshold wind velocity of particles is found to be significantly decrease under the hot state. The largest decrease percentage exceedes 9% on fine and coarse sand surfaces. The wind velocity also has a three-power function in the sand transport rate under the hot state with increased sand transport. Thermodynamic effects are stronger on loose surfaces and fine particles, but weaker on compacted surfaces and coarse particles.

关键词： thermodynamic effect threshold wind velocity nel simulation drifting sand flux structure sand transport rate wind tunnel simulation

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A Field Experiment on Dust Emission by wind Erosion in the Taklimakan Desert

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2012年第2期26卷 241-249页

作者：杨兴华何清艾力.买买提依明霍文刘新春 STRAKE Miriam Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation Experiment of Taklimakan Station Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg

Dust emission by wind erosion in surface is a serious problem in many arid regions around the world,and it is harmful to the ecological environment,human health,and social *** monitor the characteristics of saltation activity and to calculate the threshold wind velocity and sediment discharge under field conditions have significance on the research of dust emission by wind ***,a field experiment was conducted over the flat sand in the hinterland of the Taklimakan *** sampling system was installed on the flat sand surface at Tazhong,consisting of a meteorological tower with a height of 2 m,a piezoelectric saltation sensor（Sensit）,and a Big Spring Number Eight（BSNE） sampler *** of saltation activity was recorded every second using the *** BSNE station consisted of five BSNE samplers with the lowest sampler at 0.05 m and the highest sampler at 1.0 m above the soil *** was collected from the samplers every 24 *** is found that saltation activity was detected for only 21.5% of the hours measured,and the longest period of saltation activity occurring continuously was not longer than 5 min under the field *** threshold wind velocity was variable,its minimum value was 4.9 m s 1,the maximum value was 9.2 m s 1,and the average value was 7.0 m s *** threshold wind velocity presented a positive linear increase during the measurement *** observation site had a sediment discharge of 82.1 kg m 1 over a period of 24 *** on hourly saltation counts,hourly sediment discharge was ***,there was no obvious linear or other functional relationship between the hourly sediment discharge and wind *** results show that the changes of sediment discharge do not quite depend on wind velocity.

关键词： wind erosion saltation activity threshold wind velocity sediment discharge Taklimakan Desert

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