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Using non-destructive sampling to evaluate the population genomic status of captive Brown Eared Pheasants

Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 291-297页

作者： Pengcheng Wang Ping Hu Jinping Zhang Lixia Zhang Jing Zhang Zhengwang Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China Taiyuan Zoo Taiyuan030009China Beijing Zoo Management Office Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies of Beijing ZooBeijing100044China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Evaluating the genetic status of threatened species is an essential task in conservation genetics.However,the genetic status of threatened species has been mostly evaluated through techniques that fail to estimate genetic diversity at the whole genomic level.Next generation sequencing can meet this demand,but high quality samples such as blood or muscle tissues are required.However,it is difficult to collect such samples from threatened species because sampling work may impact their health.Therefore,it is essential to design a workflow to evaluate the whole genomic status of threatened species using non-destructive sampling.Even though non-destructive sampling has been used in traditional barcoding technique,the barcoding technique cannot evaluate the whole genomic status.Brown Eared Pheasant(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)is an endangered species,with captive populations maintained in Taiyuan Zoo,China,and Europe.However,the genetic diversity,inbreeding pattern,and mutation load of these two populations are unclear.To uncover the genetic status of these two captive populations,we applied 2b-RAD technology to evaluate the genomic status of these populations using feathers as samples.The feathers could be collected by non-destructive sampling.The results indicate that the Taiyuan Zoo population has a lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding coefficient than the European population.The Taiyuan Zoo population has lethal mutations when homozygous.The current project uses a non-destructive sampling technique to evaluate the whole genomic status of the two captive populations,providing a paradigm for conservation genetics,which will facilitate the development of conservation biology.

关键词： Genetic diversity Inbreeding coefficient Kinship Mutation load threatened species

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Amphibian richness along modified riparian areas of central Mexico:conservation priorities

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 902-915页

作者： Marco Tulio Oropeza‑Sánchez Ireri Suazo‑Ortuño Julieta Benítez‑Malvido Erandi Monroy‑Hernández Roberto Munguía‑Steyer Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad(IIES) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAntigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701CP 58190 MoreliaMichoacánMexico Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre los Recursos Naturales(INIRENA) Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoAv.San Juanito Itzícuaro S/NCP 58330 MoreliaMichoacánMexico Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala(FES‑Iztacala) Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAv.de los Barrios No.1CP 54090 Tlalnepantla de BazEstado de MéxicoMexico.

Background:Land‑use change frequently affects faunistic populations and communities.To achieve successful conservation strategies,we need suitable information about species distribution and the causes of extinction risk.Many amphibian species depend on riparian vegetation to complete their life cycles.About 41%of amphibian species are globally threatened,and accurate estimations of population size,species richness and the identification of critical habitats are urgently needed worldwide.To evaluate the magnitude of changes in species richness and demography,estimations that include detection probability are necessary.In this study,we employed multi‑species occupancy models to estimate detection probability and the effect of land cover type(i.e.,cropland,artificial pasture,secondary and mature forest)in a 500‑m radius on the occupancy probability and richness of diurnal amphibians in 60 riparian zones in the state of Michoacán in central Mexico.Furthermore,we evaluated the potential of the endemic salamander Ambystoma ordinarium as a flagship species for the conservation of other native amphibian species.Results:We registered a total of 20 amphibian species in the diurnal assemblage,of which 10 species are considered at risk of extinction.We found that cropland was the most important land‑use type for explaining amphibian distribu‑tion in riparian zones,with negative effects on most amphibian species.We found no differences in species richness between zones with and without A.ordinarium.In riparian zones occupied by A.ordinarium,however,we found a higher number of species at risk of extinction.Conclusions:Our findings showed negative effects of croplands on the distribution of most amphibian species.The riparian zones are important for the maintenance of native diurnal amphibian communities and A.ordinarium can act as a flagship species for the conservation of threatened amphibian species.

关键词： Flagship species Habitat quality Occupancy models Salamanders threatened species

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Surrogacy of bird species in systematic conservation planning and conservation assessments in Yunnan Province,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第10期19卷 2861-2873页

作者： ZHOU Jian YANG Fei-ling ZHONG Zi-jie ZHANG Ji LENG Xian YE Jin WU Rui-dong Conservation Biogeography Research Group Institute of International Rivers and Eco-securityYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

Bird diversity is often used as surrogates for other species diversity,but there is a limited understanding of the extent of this surrogate in identifying representative priority conservation areas(PCAs).We used Yunnan Province in China as a case to measure the surrogacy of birds in systematic conservation planning.Here,we collected distribution records of mammals,amphibians,reptiles,and birds from public databases and literature,and applied systematic conservation planning methods to identify PCAs.We targeted four taxonomic groups at conservation targets of 17%,31%,and 50%of the total study area,and used the Jaccard similarity index to evaluate the surrogate extent of bird PCAs for the other three groups.Then,we overlapped different portfolios of PCAs with six categories of protected areas(PAs)in Yunnan,calculated the protection rates,and evaluated the effect of sustainable-use PAs on improving the protection rate of strict Nature Reserves.The results showed that bird PCAs generally had the highest surrogacy for representing PCAs of the other three taxa.At the 50%conservation target,the Jaccard indices between birds and the other taxa reached about 0.50.Moreover,amphibian PCAs had a good surrogacy for conserving reptiles,with a Jaccard index of 0.30,0.44 and 0.51 at the 17%,31%and 50%conservation targets,respectively.The existing PA system had quite low coverages for PCAs of these four taxa,and the average protection rates were 22.97%,19.78%and 16.52%at the three levels of conservation targets,respectively.The sustainable-use PAs can greatly complement the strict Nature Reserves by achieving average increased PA coverages of 10.00%,9.20%and 7.90%at the three conservation targets.Our findings provide a basis for surrogate-based conservation planning for areas with insufficient biodiversity information.

关键词： Biodiversity surrogates Priority conservation areas Protected areas Systematic conservation planning threatened species Yunnan

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Plant micro-reserves in Valencia(E. Spain):A model to preserve threatened flora in China?

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 383-389页

作者： Simón Fos Emilio Laguna Juan Jimenez Miguel Angel Gómez-Serrano VAERSA-Generalitat Valenciana Avda. Corts Valencianes Servicio de Vida Silvestre Generalitat Valenciana C./ Castan Tobenas Centro para la Experimentación e Investigación Forestal (CIEF) Generalitat Valenciana Avda. Comarques del País Valencia

The Valencian Community(eastern Spain) was the pioneer territory establishing plant micro-reserves(PMRs). Its model to protect small sites for endemic and endangered plants has been exported to several countries around the globe. This paper highlights 1) the role of PMRs to complement the protection provided by large protected areas, 2) how the establishment of PMRs fosters the increase of floristic knowledge, and 3)the fact that continuous monitoring of PMRs also yields new records of endangered species found within the same PMRs. The flexibility of the PMR approach-it can be adapted to other national and regional legislationsallows its transfer to other rich-biodiversity regions and countries such as China.

关键词： Plant micro-reserves in situ conservation threatened species Endemic plants Protected areas

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Plant conservation in Australia:Current directions and future challenges

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 348-356页

作者： Linda Broadhurst David Coates CANBR CSIRO National Research Collections Australia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

Australia is a large, old and flat island continent that became isolated following the breakup of the Gondwanan super continent. After more than 40-50 M years of independent evolution, approx. 600,000-700,000 species now call Australia home. More than 21,000 of these species are plants, with at least84% of these being endemic. Plant taxa are protected, conserved and managed under a range of legislation at the State-and Territory-level as well as Federally for matters of national significance. This can create issues of misalignment among threatened species lists but generally there is co-operation among conservation agencies to reduce misalignments and to manage species irrespective of jurisdictional borders. Despite significant investment in programs designed to assist the recovery of Australian biodiversity, threatened plants in particular appear to be continuing to decline. This can be attributed to a range of factors including major threatening processes associated with habitat loss and invasive species,lack of public awareness of the cultural and socio-economic value of plant conservation, and our relatively poor understanding of basic species taxonomy and biology, especially for those species that have specific interactions with pollinators, symbionts and herbivores. A recent shift in Federally-based conservation programs has been to identify 30 key plant species for recovery through the setting of measurable targets, improving the support provided to recovery teams and encouraging industry,business and philanthropy to support conservation actions.

关键词： Conservation Plant Australia threatened species Recovery

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Alien mammals in Europe:updated numbers and trends,and assessment of the effects on biodiversity

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 247-253页

作者： Piero GENOVESI Lucilla CARNEVALI Anna ALONZI Riccardo SCALERA Institute for Environmental Protection and Research RomeItaly International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival CommissionInvasive Species Specialist Group(IUCN/SSC ISSG)ValbyDenmark

This study provides an updated picture of mammal invasions in Europe,based on detailed analysis of information on introductions occurring from the Neolithic to recent times.The assessment considered all information on species introductions,known extinctions and successful eradication campaigns,to reconstruct a trend of alien mammals’establishment in the region.Through a comparative analysis of the data on introduction,with the information on the impact of alien mammals on native and threatened species of Europe,the present study also provides an objective assessment of the overall impact of mammal introductions on European biodiversity,including information on impact mechanisms.The results of this assessment confirm the constant increase of mammal invasions in Europe,with no indication of a reduction of the rate of introduction.The study also confirms the severe impact of alien mammals,which directly threaten a significant number of native species,including many highly threatened species.The results could help to prioritize species for response,as required by international conventions and obligations.

关键词： impact indicators invasive species Red List threatened species

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Conservation genetics and genomics of threatened vertebrates in China

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2018年第11期45卷 593-601页

作者： Huizhong Fan Yibo Hu Qi Wu Yonggang Nie Li Yan Fuwen Wei CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Conservation genetics and genomics are two independent disciplines that focus on using new techniques in genetics and genomics to solve problems in conservation biology. During the past two decades,conservation genetics and genomics have experienced rapid progress. Here, we summarize the research advances in the conservation genetics and genomics of threatened vertebrates(e.g., carnivorans, primates, ungulates, cetaceans, avians, amphibians and reptiles) in China. First, we introduce the concepts of conservation genetics and genomics and their development. Second, we review the recent advances in conservation genetics research, including noninvasive genetics and landscape genetics. Third, we summarize the progress in conservation genomics research, which mainly focuses on resolving genetic problems relevant to conservation such as genetic diversity, genetic structure, demographic history, and genomic evolution and adaptation. Finally, we discuss the future directions of conservation genetics and genomics.

关键词： Conservation genetics Conservation genomics threatened species Adaptation Evolution

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Plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP) in China:A seed and spore biology perspective

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Plant Diversity 2016年第5期38卷 209-220页

作者： Ellie Merrett Wade Jayanthi Nadarajan Xiangyun Yang Daniel Ballesteros Weibang Sun Hugh W.Pritchard Royal Botanic Gardens KewWellcome Trust Millennium Building The Germplasm Bank of Wild species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Botanical Garden Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Approximately one fifth of the world's plants are at risk of extinction.Of these,a significant number exist as populations of few individuals,with limited distribution ranges and under enormous pressure due to habitat destruction.In China,these most-at-risk species are described as 'plant species with extremely small populations'(PSESP).Implementing conservation action for such listed species is urgent.Storing seeds is one of the main means of ex situ conservation for flowering plants.Spore storage could provide a simple and economical method for fern ex situ conservation.Seed and spore germination in nature is a critical step in species regeneration and thus in situ conservation.But what is known about the seed and spore biology(storage and germination) of at-risk species? We have used China's PSESP(the first group listing) as a case study to understand the gaps in knowledge on propagule biology of threatened plant species.We found that whilst germination information is available for 28 species(23%of PSESP),storage characteristics are only known for 8%of PSESP(10 species).Moreover,we estimate that 60%of the listed species may require cryopreservation for long-term storage.We conclude that comparative biology studies are urgently needed on the world's most threatened taxa so that conservation action can progress beyond species listing.

关键词： threatened species Orchids Storage characteristics Cryopreservation ex situ conservation

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Conservation status of Chinese species: (1) Overview

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第1期2卷 26-35页

作者： Yan XIE Wang SUNG Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The first comprehensive evaluation of more than 10000 species in China based on the IUCN Red List Criteria and Regional Guidelines is complete.More than 100 experts have been involved in this evaluation,which covers a wide range of species,including invertebrates,vertebrates,gymnosperms and angiosperms.The present paper summa-rizes the major conclusions of the project.The number of threatened species in China was found to be much high than previously expected.In the past,the estimated percentages of species in each phylum that were endangered was 2-30%.In this comprehensive evaluation,the percentages of threatened species were found to be 7.4-100%.Compared with the status of threatened species worldwide(IUCN Red List 2006),groups such as fish,mammals and gymno-sperms face much higher levels of threat in China then they do globally,and other groups,such as crustaceans,reptiles and birds,face lower levels of threat.Given the dire conclusions of this study,we recommend that more research be done on the threats faced by those groups of organisms that are most threatened.

关键词： China Red List threatened species status IUCN.

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Life cycle and nymphal feeding of Besdolus ravizzarum （Plecoptera： Perlodidae）, a threatened stonefly

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Insect Science 2010年第2期17卷 149-153页

作者： Stefano Fenoglio Tiziano Bo Manuel Jesus Lepez-Rodriguez Jose Manuel Tierno de Figueroa Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita Universita del Piemonte Orientale Alessandria Italy Departamento de Biologia Animal Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada Spain

We have studied some aspects of Besdolus ravizzarum biology in the Apen- nines. This stonefly has a very localized distribution in southeastern France and northern Italy. This species is considered threatened. For this reason it is especially relevant to improve knowledge about its natural history, previously unknown. Despite the large size of nymphs, this species shows a univoltine life cycle. The growth is slow but uniform from October to April or May when the short flight period occurs. The analysis of the gut con- tents indicates this species is a predator, feeding mainly on Baetidae and Chironomidae. It is notable that the development of this carnivorous species through cold periods coincides with the season with higher richness and density of potential prey in Apennine streams. Further studies are needed to improve knowledge of the distribution of the species and to start planning effective conservation efforts.

关键词： conservation life history northern Italy stonefly threatened species trophic role

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