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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 195-207,I0006页

作者： Zhuangzhuang Jia Yuanyuan Min Peng Qin Wenxin Mei Xiangdong Meng Kaiqiang Jin Jinhua Sun Qingsong Wang State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina Gotion High-Tech Co. Ltd.Hefei 230012AnhuiChina

The safety valve is an important component to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the effect of safety valve type on the thermal runaway(TR)and gas venting behavior of LIBs,as well as the TR hazard severity of LIBs,are not *** this paper,the TR and gas venting behavior of three 100 A h lithium iron phosphate(LFP)batteries with different safety valves are investigated under *** to previous studies,the main contribution of this work is in studying and evaluating the effect of gas venting behavior and TR hazard severity of LFP batteries with three safety valve *** significant results are obtained:(Ⅰ)the safety valve type dominates over gas venting pressure of battery during safety venting,the maximum gas venting pressure of LFP batteries with a round safety valve is 3320 Pa,which is one order of magnitude higher than other batteries with oval or cavity safety valve;(Ⅱ)the LFP battery with oval safety valve has the lowest TR hazard as shown by the TR hazard assessment model based on gray-fuzzy analytic hierarchy *** study reveals the effect of safety valve type on TR and gas venting,providing a clear direction for the safety valve design.

关键词： Lithium iron phosphate battery Safety valve thermal runaway Gas venting behavior thermal runaway hazard severity Gray-fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

Mechanism of internal thermal runaway propagation in blade batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 184-194,I0005页

作者： Xuning Feng Fangshu Zhang Wensheng Huang Yong Peng Chengshan Xu Minggao Ouyang School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Blade batteries are extensively used in electric vehicles,but unavoidable thermal runaway is an inherent threat to their safe *** study experimentally investigated the mechanism underlying thermal runaway propagation within a blade battery by using a nail to trigger thermal runaway and thermocouples to track its propagation inside a *** results showed that the internal thermal runaway could propagate for up to 272 s,which is comparable to that of a traditional battery *** velocity of the thermal runaway propagation fluctuated between 1 and 8 mm s^(-1),depending on both the electrolyte content and high-temperature gas *** the early stages of thermal runaway,the electrolyte participated in the reaction,which intensified the thermal runaway and accelerated its *** the battery temperature increased,the electrolyte evaporated,which attenuated the acceleration *** diffusion affected thermal runaway propagation through both heat transfer and mass *** experimental results indicated that gas diffusion accelerated the velocity of thermal runaway propagation by 36.84%.We used a 1D mathematical model and confirmed that convective heat transfer induced by gas diffusion increased the velocity of thermal runaway propagation by 5.46%-17.06%.Finally,the temperature rate curve was analyzed,and a three-stage mechanism for internal thermal runaway propagation was *** Stage I,convective heat transfer from electrolyte evaporation locally increased the temperature to 100℃.In Stage II,solid heat transfer locally increases the temperature to trigger thermal *** StageⅢ,thermal runaway sharply increases the local *** proposed mechanism sheds light on the internal thermal runaway propagation of blade batteries and offers valuable insights into safety considerations for future design.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Blade battery thermal runaway Internal thermal runaway propagation

Review of prevention and mitigation technologies for thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries

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Aerospace Traffic and Safety 2024年第1期1卷 55-72页

作者： Maoyong Zhi Quanyi Liu Qinrou Xu Zhiheng Pan Qiang Sun Bingjian Su Haihui Zhao Huajian Cui Yuanhua He College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaGuanghan 618307China Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaGuanghan 618307China

Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in transportation,power equipment,aerospace,and other ***,the complex electrochemical reactions inside the battery cause excessive heat generation rate due to thermal,mechanical,and electrical abuse conditions,and even lead to thermal *** problem of thermal runaway has become an important factor limiting its *** review summarizes the intrinsic safety of batteries,thermal management,early monitoring and warning for thermal runaway,fire prevention and fire suppression *** intrinsic safety technologies were summarized from the aspects of electrolyte flame retardancy,improvement of thermal stability of battery materials,and ceramic *** effectively control battery temperature,thermal management technologies were elaborated from the perspectives of air cooling,liquid cooling,heat pipes,phase change materials,and coupled thermal *** parameter detection,multi parameter composite detection,and new detection technologies were also ***-situ monitoring of batteries based on fiber optic sensors helps to achieve early warning of thermal *** thermal runaway occurs,fire prevention and fire extinguishing technology can effectively reduce the harm of thermal runaway,which should be given sufficient *** work provides important references value and research ideas for the prevention and mitigation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway thermal management Early warning Fire prevention

thermal runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries Employing Flame-Retardant Fluorinated Electrolytes

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第1期6卷 333-339页

作者： Junxian Hou Li Wang Xuning Feng Junpei Terada Languang Lu Shigeaki Yamazaki Anyu Su Yoshiko Kuwajima Yongjiang Chen Tomoya Hidaka Xiangming He Hewu Wang Minggao Ouyang State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Daikin Industries Ltd.1-1Nishi-HitotsuyaSettsu Osaka 566-8585Japan Sichuan New Energy Vehicle Innovation Center Yibin 644002China

Fluorinated electrolytes possess good antioxidant capacity that provides high compatibility to high-voltage cathode and flame retardance;thus,they are considered as a promising solution for advanced lithium-ion batteries carrying both high-energy density and high ***,the fluorinated electrolytes are widely used to form stable electrolyte interphase,due to their chemical reactivity with lithiated graphite or ***,the influence of this reactivity on the thermal safety of batteries is seldom ***,we demonstrate that the flame-retardant fluorinated electrolytes help to reduce the flammability,while the lithium-ion batteries with flame-retardant fluorinated electrolytes still undergo thermal runaway and disclose their different thermal runaway pathway from that of battery with conventional *** reduction in fluorinated components(e.g.,LiPF 6 and fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC))by fully lithiated graphite accounts for a significant heat release during battery thermal *** 13%of total heat is sufficient to trigger the chain reactions during battery thermal *** study deepens the understanding of the thermal runaway mechanism of lithium-ion batteries employing flame-retardant fluorinated electrolytes,providing guidance on the concept of electrolyte design for safer lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： battery safety flame retardance fluorinated electrolytes lithium-ion battery thermal runaway

thermal runaway propagation behavior of the Cell-to-Pack battery system

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第9期84卷 162-172页

作者： Huaibin Wang Qinzheng Wang Zhenyang Zhao Changyong Jin Chengshan Xu Wensheng Huang Zhuchen Yuan Shuyu Wang Yang Li Yanhong Zhao Junli Sun Xuning Feng China People’s Police University LangFang 065000HebeiChina State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100084China Beijing Electric Vehicle Co.Ltd Beijing 100176China College of Mechanical Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Structurally compact battery packs significantly improve the driving range of electric *** like Cell-to-Pack increase energy density by 15%-20%.However,the safety implications of multiple tightly-packed battery cells still require in-depth *** paper studies thermal runaway propagation behavior in a Cell-to-Pack system and assesses propagation speed relative to other *** investigation includes temperature response,extent of battery damage,pack structure deformation,chemical analysis of debris,and other *** suggest three typical patterns for the thermal runaway propagation process:ordered,disordered,and *** synchronous propagation pattern displayed the most severe damage,indicating energy release is the largest under the synchronous *** study identifies battery deformation patterns,chemical characteristics of debris,and other observed factors that can both be applied to identify the cause of thermal runaway during accident investigations and help promote safer designs of large battery packs used in large-scale electric energy storage systems.

关键词： Energy storage Cell-to-Pack Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway Battery safety

thermal runaway Characteristics and Modeling of LiFePO4 Power Battery for Electric Vehicles

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Automotive Innovation 2023年第3期6卷 414-424页

作者： Tao Sun Luyan Wang Dongsheng Ren Zhihe Shi Jie Chen Yuejiu Zheng Xuning Feng Xuebing Han Languang Lu Li Wang Xiangming He Minggao Ouyang School of Mechanical Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

LiFePO_(4)(LFP)lithium-ion batteries have gained widespread use in electric vehicles due to their safety and longevity,but thermal runaway(TR)incidents still have been *** paper explores the TR characteristics and modeling of LFP batteries at different states of charge(SOC).Adiabatic tests reveal that TR severity increases with SOC,and five stages are identified based on battery temperature *** kinetics parameters of exothermic reactions in each TR stage are extracted,and TR models for LFP batteries are *** models accurately simulate TR behaviors at different SOCs,and the simulated TR characteristic temperatures also agree well with the experimental results,with errors of TR characteristic temperatures less than 3%.The prediction errors of TR characteristic temperatures under oven test conditions are also less than 1%.The results provide a comprehensive understanding of TR in LFP batteries,which is useful for battery safety design and optimization.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Safety thermal runaway thermal runaway model State of charge

Study about thermal runaway behavior of high specific energy density Li-ion batteries in a low state of charge

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第1期30卷 20-27,I0002页

作者： Shiqiang Liu Tianyi Ma Zhen Wei Guangli Bai Huitian Liu Dapeng Xu Zhongqiang Shan Fang Wang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Evaluation Technology for Electric Vehicles China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd.(CATARC)Tianjin 300300China

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and electronics, and their thermal safety receives widespread attention from consumers. In our study, thermal runaway testing was conducted on the thermal stability of commercial lithium-ion batteries, and the internal structure of the battery was analyzed with an in-depth focus on the key factors of the thermal runaway. Through the study of the structure and thermal stability of the cathode, anode, and separator, the results showed that the phase transition reaction of the separator was the key factor affecting the thermal runaway of the battery for the condition of a low state of charge.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway State of charge thermal stability

Effects of Angular Fillers on thermal runaway of Lithium-Ion Battery

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第11期32卷 1117-1121页

作者： Meng Wang Anh V.Le Yang Shi Daniel J.Noelle Hyojung Yoon Minghao Zhang Y.Shirley Meng Yu Qiao Department of Structural Engineering University of California-San Diego Program of Materials Science and Engineering University of California-San Diego Department of Nanoengineering University of California-San Diego

By adding 1 wt% damage homogenizer（DH）, i.e. carbon black microparticles, into the electrodes of lithiumion batteries, thermal runaway can be mitigated as the battery cells are subjected to impact loadings. In a drop tower test, the generated heat of the modified cells is reduced by nearly 40%, compared with the reference cells. This phenomenon may be attributed to the weakening effect of the carbon black *** shape of the filler grains does not have a pronounced influence on the temperature profile.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway Micro-particulate Nail Impact

Influences of multi factors on thermal runaway induced by overcharging of lithium-ion battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 531-541,I0014页

作者： Jialong Liu Zhirong Wang Jinlong Bai Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control College of Safety Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 21009JiangsuChina

thermal runaway caused by overcharging results in catastrophic disasters. The influences of charging rate, ambient temperature and aging on thermal runaway caused by overcharging are studied qualitatively and quantitatively in this manuscript. The results of overcharging tests indicate that high charging rate and ambient temperature increase thermal runaway risk. Aging in 40 ℃ decreases thermal runaway risk. The risk increase of battery with high overcharging rate and in high ambient temperature is due to fast lithium plating reaction and accelerated SEI decomposition, respectively. The risk decrease of aged battery is due to the occurrence of SEI before overcharging tests. SEI suppresses the side reactions between lithium plating and electrolyte. The results of orthogonal tests indicate that the rank of effect is: discharging rate > ambient temperature > aging. The heat generation is calculated based on the results of overcharging tests. The calculation results indicate that heat generated by side reactions contributes more to the total heat generation. Although thermal runaway does not occur during overcharging with low current, the heat dissipation of the lithium-ion battery is the most and deserves focus. The results are important to the design of battery management system and thermal management system to prevent thermal runaway induced by overcharging in total lifespan of battery.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery safety Overcharging Aging thermal runaway

Higher-order polysulfides induced thermal runaway for 1.0 Ah lithium sulfur pouch cells

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Particuology 2023年第8期79卷 10-17页

作者： Feng-Ni Jiang Shi-Jie Yang Zi-Xian Chen He Liu Hong Yuan Lei Liu Jia-Qi Huang Xin-Bing Cheng Qiang Zhang College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024ShanxiChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Energy thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189JiangsuChina School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044JiangsuChina

Comprehensive analyses on thermal runaway mechanisms are critically vital to achieve the safe lithium-sulfur(Li-S)*** reactions between dissolved higher-order polysulfides and Li metal were found to be the origins for the thermal runaway of 1.0 Ah cycled Li-S pouch cells.16-cycle pouch cell indicates high safety,heating from 30 to 300 ℃ without thermal runaway,while 16-cycle pouch cell with additional electrolyte undergoes severe thermal runaway at 147.9 ℃,demonstrating the key roles of the electrolyte on the thermal safety of *** the contrary,thermal runaway does not occur for 45-cycle pouch cell despite the addition of the *** is found that the higher-order polysulfides(Li_(2)S_(x) ≥ 6)are discovered in 16-cycle electrolyte while the sulfur species in 45-cycle electrolyte are Li_(2)S_(x) ≤ *** addition,strong exothermic reactions are discovered between cycled Li and dissolved higher-order polysulfide(Li_(2)S_(6) and Li_(2)S_(8))at 153.0 ℃,driving the thermal runaway of cycled Li-S pouch *** work uncovers the potential safety risks of Li-S batteries and negative roles of the polysulfide shuttle for Li-S batteries from the safety view.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur batteries thermal runaway Polysulfides Pouch cell Polysulfide shuttle