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Anatomical variations of living and fossil Liquidambar leaves:A proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstruction

Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第4期54卷 493-508页

作者： XIAO Liang 1,2,3,4,SUN BaiNian 1,2,,LI XiangChuan 1,REN WenXiu 1 &JIA Hui 1 1 Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems of the Ministry of Education and College of Earth and Environment Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China 3 College of Arts and Sciences,Bryant University,Smithfield RI 02917,U.S.A. 4 Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems of the Ministry of Education and College of Earth and Environment Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China College of Arts and Sciences Bryant University Smithfield USA Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of Education Chang’an University Xi’an China

Based on living ***,we have established that such epidermal cell properties as epidermal cell circumference(Circum.) ,undulation index(UI) ,epidermal cell area(EA) on both upper and lower epidermis and the corresponding epidermal cell density(ED) ,are suitable to differentiate between sun and shade ***,stomatal properties on the lower epidermis,including stomatal length(SL) ,stomatal pore length(PL) and the corresponding stomatal density(SD) ,are reliable parameters to identify sun/shade *** this anatomical approach was applied to 18 leaf remains of *** from the miocene Xiannanshan formation,Zhejiang Province(eastern China) ,and the fossil leaves were sorted into two groups,namely,sun and shade *** indicates that anatomical differences between sun and shade leaves found in living species could be used for fossil ***,the variation of UI between sun and shade morphotypes is larger on the upper epidermis as compared with the lower epidermis,showing that the UI on the upper epidermis is more sensitive to environmental *** addition,anatomical features are more variable in sun leaves than in shade leaves for both modern and fossil Liquidambar,suggesting sun leaves may be more sensitive to environmental *** leaves can then be a better indicator of paleoenvironmental ***,stomatal parameters of sun morphotype should be adopted on reconstructing paleoenvironments using Liquidambar leaf *** the other hand,the three-lobed fossil *** leaf assemblage in the xiananshan formation is represented by an almost similar percentage of sun and shade morphotypes(56%and 44%,respectively) ,which is attributed to the short transport before *** a result,identifying sun/shade morphotypes are very useful in reconstructing paleoenvironments based on fossil leaves of Liquidambar.

关键词： Liquidambar formosana Liquidambar miosinica leaf anatomy the miocene xiananshan formation sun and shade leaves

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