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5G technology requirements and related test environments for evaluation

China Communications 2016年第S2期13卷 42-51页

作者： Xi Meng Jian Li Dong Zhou Dacheng Yang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications ZTE Corporation

To meet the considerably increase of mobile data traffic and wireless communication connections around 2020,the 5th generation(5G)mobile network will necessarily consider more frequency bands,enabling technologies and diversified key performance indicators and test environments comparing with existing network,for example Long Term *** specifically,the obvious difference between 5G and previous wireless communication system are not only included eMBB(enhance mobile broadband) usage scenario,but also introduced mMTC(massive machine type communications)and URLLC(ultra-reliable and low latency communications) usage ***,in order to evaluate 5G related technologies,some novel test environments will be widely discussed,as well as,certain new key performance indicators will be drawn into5 G evaluation methodology for satisfied new *** will discuss characteristic of these 4 candidate test environments,such as indoor isolated environment,high speed train environment;and the definition of 15 keys performance indicator will be explained and clarified,for example,Throughput,Network Energy Efficiency,Device Connection Density and so ***,high-level assessment method of each test environment also will be initially *** is notable that an initial evaluation of indoor isolated environment also can be found,which the results show that there are 3 times average cell spectral efficiency than IMT-advanced's in same test environment.

关键词： 5G IMT-2020 test environment requirements key performance indicators

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Achieving superlubricity in DLC films by controlling bulk, surface, and tribochemistry

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Friction 2014年第2期2卷 140-155页

作者： Ali ERDEMIR Osman ERYILMAZ Energy Systems Division Argonne National Laboratory9700 S.Cass AvenueArgonneIL 60439USA

Superlubricity refers to a sliding regime in which contacting surfaces move over one another without generating much adhesion or friction[1].From a practical application point of view,this will be the most ideal tribological situation for many moving mechanical systems mainly because friction consumes large amounts of energy and causes greenhouse gas emissions[2].Superlubric sliding can also improve performance and durability of these *** this paper,we attempt to provide an overview of how controlled or targeted bulk,surface,or tribochemistry can lead to superlubricity in diamond-like carbon(DLC)***,we show that how providing hydrogen into bulk and near surface regions as well as to sliding contact interfaces of DLC films can lead to super-low friction and *** of hydrogen into bulk DLC or near surface regions can be done during deposition or through hydrogen plasma treatment after the *** can also be fed into the sliding contact interfaces of DLCs during tribological testing to reduce *** to favorable tribochemical interactions,these interfaces become very rich in hydrogen and thus provide super-low friction after a brief run-in *** of the method used,when sliding surfaces of DLC films are enriched in hydrogen,they then provide some of the lowest friction coefficients(i.e.,down to 0.001).Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer(TOF-SIMS)is used to gather evidence on the extent and nature of tribochemical interactions with *** on the tribological and surface analytical findings,we provide a mechanistic model for the critical role of hydrogen on superlubricity of DLC films.

关键词： Superlubricity diamond-like carbon TOF-SIMS test environment lubrication mechanisms

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