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Topographic heterogeneity and temperature amplitude explain species richness patterns of birds in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 131-137页

作者： Chunlan ZHANG Qing QUAN Yongjie Wu Youhua CHEN Peng HE Yanhua Qu Fumin LEI Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Guangdong Entomological Institute (South China Institute of Endangered Animals) Guangzhou 510260 China Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education) College of Life Sciences Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada National Zoological Museum Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Large-scale patterns of species richness have gained much attention in recent years; however, the factors that drive high species richness are still controversial in local regions, especially in highly diversified montane regions. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau （QTP） and the surrounding mountains are biodiversity hot spots due to a high number of endemic montane species. Here, we explored the fac- tors underlying this high level of diversity by studying the relationship between species richness and environmental variables. The richness patterns of 758 resident bird species were summarized at the scale of 1°× 1° grid cell at different taxonomic levels （order, family, genus, and species） and in differ- ent taxonomic groups （Passeriformes, Galliformes, Falconiformes, and Columbiformes）. These rich- ness patterns were subsequently analyzed against habitat heterogeneity （topographical heterogen- eity and land cover）, temperature amplitude （annual temperature, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, and temperature seasonality） and a vegetation index （net primary productivity）. Our re- sults showed that the highest richness was found in the southeastern part of the QTP, the eastern Himalayas. The lowest richness was observed in the central plateau of the QTP. Topographical het- erogeneity and temperature amplitude are the primary factors that explain overall patterns of species richness in the QTP, although the specific effect of each environmental variable varies between the different taxonomic groups depending on their own evolutionary histories and ecological require- ments. High species richness in the southeastern QTP is mostly due to highly diversified habitat types and temperature zones along elevation gradients, whereas the low species richness in the cen- tral plateau of the QTP may be due to environmental and energetic constraints, as the central plateau is harsh environment.

关键词： birds habitat heterogeneity Oinghai-Tibetan plateau species richness temperature amplitude topography.

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