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Aristotle＇s Concept of Potentiality in Metaphysics Book θ

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2012年第4期7卷 550-571页

作者： CAO Qingyun Department of Philosophy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

It is controversial whether δVVαμLζ in Metaphysics Book θ has two distinct senses, one of which is strict, called ＂power,＂ and the other is the ＂more useful sense,＂ called ＂potentiality.＂ This paper argues that there are indeed two senses of δVVαμLζ in Metaphysics θ, refuting Michael Frede＇s ＂unitarian interpretation.＂ Distinguished from power, potentiality is neither Aristotelian nature, nor possibility, nor capacity for being, but rather a way of being. This paper examines the ontological meanings and the features of potentiality as a way of being. Basically, potentiality has a dual status, that is, it is being, on the one hand, and not-being on the other. Furthermore, it has a teleological direction toward its correlative actuality, which explains how potentiality ontologically depends on actuality and why actuality is substantially prior to potentiality.

关键词： Aristotle potentiality actuality priority teleology

行动的解释：理由、原因和目的—戴维森对传统的复兴及其缺失的维度

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Understanding the Ethical Theories in Medical Practice

外国哲学 2011年第6期 47-53页

作者：田平

戴维森的事件因果论，将行动的能动性还原为欲望、信念、意图等心理状态或事件对于行动的因果效力。将行动的理由看作行动的原因，在一定意义上使得关于行动的一种传统看法得到复兴。然而，作为戴维森行动哲学之形而上学基础的异常一元... 详细信息

戴维森的事件因果论，将行动的能动性还原为欲望、信念、意图等心理状态或事件对于行动的因果效力。将行动的理由看作行动的原因，在一定意义上使得关于行动的一种传统看法得到复兴。然而，作为戴维森行动哲学之形而上学基础的异常一元论所遭遇的副现象主义的困难，向我们提示了只从心理和物理两个维度理解行动可能会带来的问题。亚里士多德在关于行动的讨论中，除了理由和原因两个维度以外，还有一个目的论的维度。亚里士多德关于生命活动的合目的性的思想，一方面构成了行动的理由解释之为因果解释的基础，同时也蕴涵了生命与心的连续性论题。我们虽然不能在亚里士多德那里找到解决当代问题的现成方案，但是，亚里士多德的方案对于我们反思当代行动哲学所采取的某种意义上的二元论预设以及由此带来的困难，并在自然主义的方向上推进关于行动的研究，具有积极的意义。

关键词：行动行动的理由行动的原因目的论生命与心的连续性论题 action reasons of action causes of action teleology the continuity thesis of life and mind

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第2期9卷 188-193页

作者： Ahmed Bait Amer Sultan Qaboose University Hospital Muscat Oman

It is important to understand the basic of the ethical theories and how to utilize them to deal with the ethical dilemma in the medical practice. This article presents a brief review of three of famous philosophical theories of ethics, which may enrich our understanding and guide our behaviour in medical practice. Conclusion: There is no fully adequate moral theory which can singly explain all ethical or moral dilemmas and none of them also can singly explain all ethical or moral dilemmas.

关键词： Ethical Theory Utilitarianism teleology Deontology Principlism

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Biological Autonomy

Journal of Philosophy Study 2012年第9期2卷 631-649页

作者： Attila Grandpierre Menas Kafatos

We argue that genuine biological autonomy, or described at human level as free will, requires taking into account quantum vacuum processes in the context of biological teleology. One faces at least three basic problems of genuine biological autonomy：（1） if biological autonomy is not physical, where does it come from？（2） Is there a room for biological causes？ And （3） how to obtain a workable model of biological teleology？ It is shown here that the solution of all these three problems is related to the quantum vacuum. We present a short review of how this basic aspect of the fundamentals of quantum theory, although it had not been addressed for nearly 100 years, actually it was suggested by Bohr, Heisenberg, and others. Realizing that the quantum mechanical measurement problem associated with the ＂collapse＂ of the wave function is related, in the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics, to a process between self-consciousness and the external physical environment, we are extending the issue for an explanation of the different processes occurring between living organisms and their internal environment. Definitions of genuine biological autonomy, biological aim, and biological spontaneity are presented. We propose to improve the popular two-stage model of decisions with a biological model suitable to obtain a deeper look at the nature of the mind-body problem. In the newly emerging picture biological autonomy emerges as a new, fundamental and inevitable element of the scientific worldview.

关键词： spontaneity teleology biological aim vacuum processes quantum indeterminacy consciousness

The Mode of Herodotus Interpretation in Christian Historiographic Traditions:A Critical Issue from a Chinese Perspective

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World History Studies 2022年第1期9卷 1-25页

作者： Wu Xiaoqun Fudan University ShanghaiP.R.China

While historical researchers inevitably create their historical narratives within a contemporary context,they must distinguish the influences received from both sides-the context in which objects are studied,and the context in which they themselves are *** on the consideration of the tension between these two contexts,this article takes the mode of Herodotus interpretation in Christian historiographic traditions as its starting *** examines Western traditions of thought and whether certain disciplinary standards and rules that have been formed,and gradually accepted,in those traditions can be directly applied to ancient historical studies and *** article also studies the roots of these modes of interpretation,trying to compare them from the perspective of thinking and possible *** understand the historical writings of Herodotus,this article draws on an ancient Chinese text(Sima Qian's)to reflect on a historical-cognitive pattern that has been generally accepted by Westerners,and thus explores the special writing states and historical logic that people may present in theirearlyhistorical consciousness.

关键词： Herodotus Christian Historical Concepts teleology Linear Development

Different Forms of Rationalities in Aristotle： From Being to Acting

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2017年第1期7卷 27-32页

作者： Nadir Antonio Pichler University of Passo Fundo

Every philosophical system of Aristotle is structured around different forms of rationalities. Each form of rationality, according to its method, object, and purpose, seeks to apprehend and to know a specific dimension of being, because being manifests itself in many ways, that is, the totality of reality. Yet, each form of understanding the being has its epistemological and ontological status, always anchored in the logic criteria. In general, the aim of the paper is to characterize some aspects of the main forms of rationalities in the thought of Aristotle, i.e., demonstrative, dialectic, physics, metaphysics, productive, and practices. But before that, succinctly, it is necessary to talk about the different dimensions of being and teleology.

关键词： forms of rationales teleology being

LE DEMI-SICLE, DE MOÏSE AU FISCUS IUDAICUS. HISTOIRE D’UNE TÉLÉOLOGIE

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2024年第1期39卷 73-98,124页

作者： Michaël Girardin Universitédu Littoral-Côte d’Opale

Many sources are brought together in scholarship in order to write the linear story of a specific tax,the half shekel tax paid each year by the Jews to the Temple of Jerusalem and,then,confiscated by the fiscus Iudaicus in Roman *** do these sources refer to the same tax?In this paper,I defend the idea that the linearity of this story is a *** taxes were levied and justified by the memory of a Biblical tax,but they are all different in meaning,in administration and sometimes even in *** story is a political one:how to justify a tax in ancient Judaism?

关键词： didrachm fiscus Iudaicus half shekel Jerusalem Temple Roman Judea taxation teleology

On the Teleological Interpretation of the Right to a Happy Life

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The Journal of Human Rights 2020年第1期19卷 24-35页

作者：黄爱教 School of Marxism Tiangong University the Center for Human Rights Studies Nankai University

In his letter to the symposium commemorating the 70thanniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward that"people’s happy life is the greatest human right".The academic implication of this important exposition is that it puts forward a major concept,the right to a happy life as a human right,in the field of hum an *** right to a happy life is the right that people pursue,enjoy and realize a happy life,which belongs to the general right,that is,the"bundle of rights".Teleological interpretation provides a strong defense for the right to a happy ***,teleological interpretation may bring many risks,which may get the right to a happy life into many dilemmas,such as the loss of dignity due to the degradation of"human"as a tool,the loss ofjustice due to the damage to the human rights of a few individuals or groups,the possible violation of human rights due to the promotion of the expansion of government power,and the difficulty of universal recognition due to differences in the pursuit of happiness and the happiness ***,we must adhere to the"people-centered"principle and justice to enhance the government’s serious handling of human rights and reach an overlapping consensus in the pursuit of happiness,so as to restrict the teleological interpretation of the right to a happy life in a rational manner and promote the development of China’s human rights cause.

关键词： right to a happy life teleology human rights happiness

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