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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023年第8期17卷 1109-1121页

作者： Ji-Lu Zheng Ya-Hong Zhu Yan-Yan Dong Ming-Qiang Zhu College of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

This research undertook a case study of the life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the slow pyrolysis of Eucommia stem for the production of wood vinegar and activated carbon.The results showed that the production of one ton of wood vinegar via the slow pyrolysis of Eucommia stem show comparatively low global warming potential(2.37×10^(2) kg CO_(2) eq),primary energy demand(3.16×10^(3) MJ),acidification potential(2.19 kg SO2 eq),antimony depletion potential(3.86×10^(–4) kg antimony eq),and ozone depletion potential(7.46×10^(–6) kg CFC-11 eq)and was more environmentally friendly than the production of dilute acetic acid(12 wt%)via petrochemical routes.Meanwhile,the total capital investment,total product cost,and cash flowsheet were provided in the techno-economic analysis.Then,the net present value,internal rate of return,and dynamic payback period of the production process were evaluated.The findings indicated that while this production process is cost-effective,it might not be economically attractive or could generate investment risks.An increase in the added value of the wood vinegar and the activated carbon could remarkably improve the economic feasibility of this production process.

关键词： life-cycle assessment techno-economic analysis wood vinegar activated carbon Eucommia

Understanding the Impacts of Plant Capacities and Uncertainties on the techno- economic analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Production in the Southern U.S.

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第1期10卷 53-73页

作者： Zhenzhen Zhang Kai Lan Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh27606USA Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh27606USA

Understanding the economic feasibility of cross-laminated timber(CLT),an emerging and sustainable alternative to concrete and steel,is critical for the rapid expansion of the mass timber industry.However,previous studies on economic performance of CLT have not fully considered the variations in the feedstock,plant capacities,manu-facturing parameters,and capital and operating costs.This study fills this gap by developing a techno-economic analysis of producing CLT panels in the Southern United States.The effects of those variations on minimum sell-ing price(MSP)of CLT panels are explored by Monte Carlo simulation.The results show that,across all the plant capacities from 30,000 to 150,000 m^(3)/year,the MSP ranges from$345 to$609/m^(3) with a±6%–9%range caused by the variations in feedstocks,key manufacturing parameters,capital and operating cost.The MSP decreases sig-nificantly along the increasing capacities.A sensitivity analysis exhibits that the lumber price,lumber preparing loss,plant capacity,and the installed costs of layering and gluing,finishing,and miscellaneous,are the top driving factors to CLT MSP.Supported by Geographic Information System,this study also studies the transportation cost of delivering CLT to customers under three CLT demanding levels(1%,5%,15%).The results show that the trans-portation cost is 1%–8%of the MSP.Lower demanding level or higher plant capacity can increase the transporta-tion cost due to average longer delivering distance.When considering the delivered cost that sums MSP and transportation cost,larger plant capacity does not necessarily generate lower delivered cost.

关键词： Cross-laminated timber techno-economic analysis plant capacity uncertainty minimum selling price

Prognostics and health management of alkaline water electrolyzer: techno-economic analysis considering replacement moment

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2023年第3期13卷 160-168页

作者： Hyunjun Lee Jiwon Gu Boreum Lee Hyun-Seok Cho Hankwon Lim School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology50 UNIST-gilEonyang-eupUlju-gunUlsan 44919Republic of Korea Hydrogen Research Department Future Energy Research DivisionKorea Institute of Energy Research152 Gajeong-roYuseongDaejeonRepublic of Korea Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology50 UNIST-gilEonyang-eupUlju-gunUlsan 44919Republic of Korea Carbon Neutrality Demonstration and Research Center Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology50 UNIST-gilEonyang-eupUlju-gunUlsan 44919Republic of Korea

Recently,considerable attention has been paid to the installation of renewable energy capacity to mitigate global CO_(2) emissions.H_(2) produced using water electrolysis and renewable energy is regarded as a clean energy carrier,generating electricity without CO_(2) emissions,called‘Green H 2’.In this paper,a prognostics and health man-agement model for an alkaline water electrolyzer was proposed to predict the load voltage on the electrolyzer to obtain the state of health information.The prognostics and health management model was developed by training historical operating data via machine learning models,support vector machine and gaussian process regression,showing the root mean square error of 1.28×10^(−3) and 8.03×10^(−6).In addition,a techno-economic analysis was performed for a green H_(2) production system,composed of 1 MW of photovoltaic plant and 1 MW of alkaline water electrolyzer,to provide economic insights and feasibility of the system.A levelized cost of H_(2) of$6.89 kgH_(2)−1 was calculated and the potential to reach the levelized cost of H_(2) from steam methane reforming with carbon capture and storage was shown by considering the learning rate of the photovoltaic module and elec-trolyzer.Finally,the replacement of the alkaline water electrolyzer at around 10 years was preferred to increase the net present value from the green H_(2) production system when capital expenditure and replacement cost are low enough.

关键词： Green H_(2) Alkaline water electrolysis Prognostics and health management Voltage degradation techno-economic analysis Replacement

Electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction to C_(2)H_(4): From lab to fab

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 540-564,I0012页

作者： Zeyu Guo Fabao Yang Xiaotong Li Huiwen Zhu Hainam Do Kam Loon Fow Jonathan D.Hirst Tao Wu Qiulin Ye Yaqi Peng Hao Bin Wu Angjian Wu Mengxia Xu Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and New Materials InstituteUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100ZhejiangChina State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Department of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina Institute for Composites Science Innovation(InCSI)and State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina School of Chemistry University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Baima Lake Laboratory Hangzhou 310053ZhejiangChina

The global concerns of energy crisis and climate change,primarily caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),are of utmost importance.Recently,the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to high value-added multi-carbon(C_(2+)) products driven by renewable electricity has emerged as a highly promising solution to alleviate energy shortages and achieve carbon neutrality.Among these C_(2+) products,ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))holds particular importance in the petrochemical industry.Accordingly,this review aims to establish a connection between the fundamentals of electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction to ethylene(CO_(2)RRto-C_(2)H_(4)) in laboratory-scale research(lab) and its potential applications in industrial-level fabrication(fab).The review begins by summarizing the fundamental aspects,including the design strategies of high-performance Cu-based electrocatalysts and advanced electrolyzer devices.Subsequently,innovative and value-added techniques are presented to address the inherent challenges encountered during the implementations of CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) in industrial scenarios.Additionally,case studies of the technoeconomic analysis of the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process are discussed,taking into factors such as costeffectiveness,scalability,and market potential.The review concludes by outlining the perspectives and challenges associated with scaling up the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process.The insights presented in this review are expected to make a valuable contribution in advancing the CO_(2)RR-to-C_(2)H_(4) process from lab to fab.

关键词： CO_(2) electroreduction reaction Ethylene Gas diffusion electrode Machine learning Density functional theory techno-economic analysis

Rapid and controllable in-situ self-assembly of main-group metal nanofilms for highly efficient CO_(2)electroreduction to liquid fuel in flow cells

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5718-5725页

作者： Miao Wang Huaizhu Wang Yaoda Wang Junchuan Liang Mengfei Zhu Jiarui Li Zuoxiu Tie Zhong Jin State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic ChemistryMOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and TechnologyJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsTianchang New Materials and Energy Technology Researc

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)is a promising pathway to generate renewable fuels and chemicals.However,its advancement is impeded by the absence of electrocatalysts with both high selectivity and stability.Here,we present a scalable in-situ thermal evaporation technique for synthesizing series of Bi,In,and Sn nanofilms on carbon felt(CF)substrates with a high-aspect-ratio structure.The resulting main-group metal nanofilms exhibit a homogeneously distributed and highly exposed catalyst surface with ample active sites,thereby promoting mass transport and ad-/desorption of reaction intermediates.Benefiting from the unique fractal morphology,the Bi nanofilms deposited on CF exhibit optimal catalytic activities for CO_(2)electroreduction among the designed metal nanofilms electrodes,with the highest Faradaic efficiency of 96.9%for formate production at−1.3 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in H-cell.Under an industrially relevant current density of 221.4 mA·cm−2 in flow cells,the Bi nanofilms retain a high Faradaic efficiency of 81.7%at−1.1 V(vs.RHE)and a good long-term stability for formate production.Furthermore,a techno-economic analysis(TEA)model shows the potential commercial viability of electrocatalytic CO_(2)conversion into formate using the Bi nanofilms catalyst.Our results offer a green and convenient approach for in-situ fabrication of stable and inexpensive thin-film catalysts with a fractal structure applicable to various industrial settings.

关键词： CO_(2)electroreduction non-noble metal nanofilms flow cells efficiency and selectivity techno-economic analysis

Optimization of gas lift system for well performance improvement in Asmari formation:A techno-economic perspective

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 115-124页

作者： Hari Sreenivasan Jash Patel Dev Jain Setu Patel Isaac Wilson Shanker Krishna Drilling Cementing&Stimulation(DCS)Research CentreDepartment of Petroleum EngineeringSchool of Energy Technology(SoET)Pandit Deendayal Energy University(PDEU)Knowledge CorridorRaysanGandhinagarGujarat382426India

Well productivity in the Asmari carbonate formation of southwest Iran has decreased in recent years as a result of production issues.The production rate must be maintained below 1500 STB/day to prevent water coning.In this study,a gas lift well is modeled using data from one of the producing wells of this field.Nodal analysis is performed using lift-gas injection rates and wellhead pressures at different reservoir pressures and water cut conditions to optimize production.economic aspects are considered to optimize the artificial gas injection rates at different tubing head pressures and water cut conditions.Increasing the lift-gas injection rate from 0.4 MMscf/day to 1 MMscf/day enhances the oil production rate by 37.71%and 43.89%for 10%and 30%water cut conditions,respectively.Gas injection rates of 5.2 MMscf/day and 5.4 MMscf/day are determined to be economically optimal for 30%water cut with tubing head pressures of 260 psig and 270 psig,respectively.

关键词： Production enhancement Artificial lift Gas lift Asmari carbonate formation techno-economic analysis Well productivity

Preliminary techno-economic analysis of three typical decentralized composting technologies treating rural kitchen waste:a case study in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 97-108页

作者： Haoshu Wang Yong Qin Liqing Xin Changxun Zhao Zhuang Ma Jian Hu Weixiang Wu Institute of Environment Science and technology College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety technology Hangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Transper Environmental Protection technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310058China

This study was designed to evaluate whether the decentralized rural kitchen waste(KW)composting technologies used in China can be widely applied.To this end,we completed a techno-economic analysis of three typical types of KW compositing,namely solar-assisted(SAC),bio-enhanced(BEC),and heat-dewatering composting(HDC).These evaluations revealed that all three technologies produce composting products that meet China’s organic fertilizer standard and that both SAC and BEC are economically self-sustaining and generate net profits(18824.94 and 17791.52 US$/a)and positive net present values(32133.11 and 25035.93 US$).Subsequent sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the KW-handling subsidy plays a critical role in making decentralized composting economically attractive.Based on these analyses,we believe that reducing the coverage area of SAC,reducing the operating cost of BEC and HDC,upgrading composting products,and strengthening secondary pollution control would aid in supporting the technological improvement of these processes.Moreover,providing appropriate subsidies and promulgating specific standards and policies for KW fertilizer are key strategies for decentralized rural KW composting management.

关键词： techno-economic analysis Sensitivity analysis Rural kitchen waste Decentralized composting Organic fertilizer

Numerical Modeling and Technico-economic analysis of a Hybrid Energy Production System for Self-Consumption: Case of Rural Area in the Comoros

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第5期12卷 24-59页

作者： Fahad Maoulida Mohamed Aboudou Kassim Rabah Djedjig Ahmed Ihlal Mohammed El Ganaoui LERMAB Laboratory of Studies and Research on Wood Material IUT of Longwy University of Lorraine Cosnes-et-Romain Longwy France LEMA Energy and Applied Mechanics Laboratory Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Comoros Moroni Comoros IREMIS Institute University of Mayotte Mayotte France LMER Laboratory of Materials and Renewable Faculty of Sciences University Ibn Zohr BP Agadir Morocco

This study aims to provide electricity to a remote village in the Union of Comoros that has been affected by energy problems for over 40 years. The study uses a 50 kW diesel generator, a 10 kW wind turbine, 1500 kW photovoltaic solar panels, a converter, and storage batteries as the proposed sources. The main objective of this study is to conduct a detailed analysis and optimization of a hybrid diesel and renewable energy system to meet the electricity demand of a remote area village of 800 to 1500 inhabitants located in the north of Ngazidja Island in Comoros. The study uses the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Pro to conduct simulations and optimize the analysis using meteorological data from Comoros. The results show that hybrid combination is more profitable in terms of margin on economic cost with a less expensive investment. With a diesel cost of $1/L, an average wind speed of 5.09 m/s and a solar irradiation value of 6.14 kWh/m2/day, the system works well with a proportion of renewable energy production of 99.44% with an emission quantity of 1311.407 kg/year. 99.2% of the production comes from renewable sources with an estimated energy surplus of 2,125,344 kWh/year with the cost of electricity (COE) estimated at $0.18/kWh, presenting a cost-effective alternative compared to current market rates. These results present better optimization of the used hybrid energy system, satisfying energy demand and reducing the environmental impact.

关键词： Hybrid System Rural Area Electrification Comoros techno-economic analysis PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery Meteorological Data HOMER Energy Pro

Comparative techno-economic analysis of large-scale renewable energy storage technologies

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 271-282页

作者： Lincai Li Bowen Wang Kui Jiao Meng Ni Qing Du Yanli Liu Bin Li Guowei Ling Chengshan Wang National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Ministry of Education Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Department of Building and Real Estate Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development(RISUD)Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina

Energy storage is an effective way to address the instability of renewable energy generation modes,such as wind and solar,which are projected to play an important role in the sustainable and low-carbon society.economics and carbon emissions are important indicators that should be thoroughly considered for evaluating the feasibility of energy storage technologies(ESTs).In this study,we study two promising routes for large-scale renewable energy storage,electrochemical energy storage(EES)and hydrogen energy storage(HES),via technical analysis of the ESTs.The levelized cost of storage(LCOS),carbon emissions and uncertainty assessments for EESs and HESs over the life cycle are conducted with full consideration of the critical links for these routes.In order to reduce the evaluation error,we use the Monte Carlo method to derive a large number of data for estimating the economy and carbon emission level of ESTs based on the collected data.The results show that lithium ion(Li-ion)batteries show the lowest LCOS and carbon emissions,at 0.314 US$kWh-1 and 72.76 g CO_(2) e kWh^(-1),compared with other batteries for EES.Different HES routes,meaning different combinations of hydrogen production,delivery and refueling methods,show substantial differences in economics,and the lowest LCOS and carbon emissions,at 0.227 US$kWh^(-1) and 61.63 gCO_(2) e kWh^(-1),are achieved using HES routes that involve hydrogen production by alkaline electrolyzer(AE),delivery by hydrogen pipeline and corresponding refueling.The findings of this study suggest that HES and EES have comparable levels of economics and carbon emissions that should be both considered for large-scale renewable energy storage to achieve future decarbonization goals.

关键词： Large-scale renewable energy storage techno-economic analysis Carbon emissions Electrochemical energy storage Hydrogen energy storage

techno-economic analysis of a Grid-Connected Waste to Energy Gasification Plant:A Case Study

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Energy Engineering 2021年第6期118卷 1681-1701页

作者： Ahmed Abubakar Elwan Mohammed Hafiz Habibuddin Department of Electrical Power Engineering Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor Bahru81310Malaysia

With population growth around the world,municipal waste disposal and continued energy demand becomes some of the major challenges to deal with.In order to address these,an approach is required for an optimal waste management system that offers the population benefit with a lower environmental impact.This study evaluates the technical-economic and environmental impact analysis of a grid-connected waste to energy(WtE)plant to power a Univerisiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)community.The energy recovery potential of the waste stream was assessed using the life cycle assessment(LCA)method with GaBi^(TM) software(version 4).A technical,economic and environmental analysis was then carried out for the grid-connected WtE system using HOMERPro software with gasification conversion technology.The cash flow analysis was based on levelized costs of energy(LCOE)and total net present value(NPV).The results gave an NPV for the system at USD 1.11×10^(7),with most of the effects resulting from the grid operating costs and the LCOE of USD 0.43/kWh compared to the grid unit price of USD 0.7/kWh which corresponds to a saving of$0.27/kWh in energy purchase.From an environmental point of view,the results showed a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from around 2,000 tons per year to around 400 tons per year.With regard to the amount of waste sent to landfills,the results show a significant improvement from 142,605.5 kg/year to 0.13 kg/year.

关键词： Waste to energy techno-economic analysis solid waste gasification