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China to Set Development Fund for Renewable Energy

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China Chemical Reporter 2009年第27期20卷 12-12页

China will set up a governmental fund to supportthe development of renewable energy,according to the Renewable Energy Law (draftamendment edition), which is submitted tothe Chinese government for approval. Thefund will be pooled by central governmentfiscal capital and the surcharge on tariff forpower generated from renewable *** proposed state fund is to finance thescientific and technology research on connectingrenewable energy projects to power grids,industry standards setting, project testing

关键词： renewable approval finance tariff submitted editio

The Electricity Market Structure in Greece and the Paradox of Renewable Energy Sources

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2019年第4期7卷 1-26页

作者： Ilias G. Doulos Nikolas M. Katsoulakos Dimitris C. Kaliampakos Metsovion Interdisciplinary Research Center National Technical University of Athens Greece School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece

The European Union, in an effort to boost the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in power generation, applies supportive tools consisting in financial motivation either as grants or as subsidies. According to welfare economics, a subsidy should reflect the external benefits;otherwise a distortion of competition takes place. The most widespread method to calculate externalities is the avoided cost approach, despite the fact that it encounters equally all the RES units leading to technological neutrality. In the present article, the avoided cost approach with the objective social justification of RES subsidies/feed in tariffs (FITs) in the case of Greece, for the year 2014, is applied. The results show a high gap between the current FITs and the suggested ones amounting to approximately 40%. This uncomfortable outcome indicates that, at least in the case of Greece, either the level of the current guaranteed tariffs is not socially justified, or the CO2 value derived from the European carbon market does not reflect the real social cost, or that the avoided cost method, alone, is not adequate to explain the level of subsidies. In light of the foregoing, the need for the development of a concrete and integrated methodology for calculating all RES externalities emerges.

关键词： Renewable Energy Feed in tariff Avoided Cost Welfare Economics Pricing Externalities

Factors Affecting Electricity Demand in Jordan

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Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第1期5卷 50-58页

作者： Mohammad Awad Momani Electrical Power Engineering Department Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan

1) The paper examines the relationship between electricity demand and climate/non-climate related factors using statistical regression analysis. 2) It focuses on the environmental, demographic, policy (energy pricing) and technological factors as the main factors affecting the consumption pattern in Jordan. 3) The paper also presents the variations occurred in the electricity demand over the period 1994-2008. The variations that are observed during the period of study are: Shifting of the peak load occurrence from evening to morning period, Modification in the annual daily load curve especially in winter season, Variation in relationship between space temperature and demand especially in winter, and dramatic increase in electric generation after year 2003. The shift in peak load from evening to morning period is mainly due to technological factor as a result of wide use of the air conditions in houses, services and government offices for cooling in summer instead of ordinary air fans. The variations in consumption pattern between 2000 and 2007 are mainly associated with economic, social and demographic factors. The high demand at lower space temperature is governed by introducing new appliances for heating in winter as a result of low electricity pricing comparing with gasoline price. The dramatic increase in electric generation after 2003 is probably due to demographic factors as a result of high growth of population after the Gulf war II. 4) The correlation between the daily maximum loads in morning and evening periods with the differential temperature (ΔT) above 20?C threshold in summer and below 15?C threshold in winter, shows pronounced changes in 2007 compared with year 2000. The regression tests show that a decrease of 1?C below 15?C threshold in winter 1) increases the morning demand by only 2 MW/?C in 2000 and 16.7 MW/?C in 2007, 2) decreases the evening peak by ?2.6 MW/1?C in 2000 and increases the evening peak by 22.9 MW/1?C in 2007. Results show that the

关键词： Electricity Demand Demographic Factor tariff Ambient Temperature Jordan

Fertilizer Trade Better than Expected

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China Chemical Reporter 2010年第8期21卷 30-30页

In 2009 China exported 8.848 million tonsof fertilizers, down 5% year on year andimported 3.921 million tons with a declineof 35%. The combined volume ofexports and imports fell 15.4% year onyear to 12.769 million ton... 详细信息

关键词： fertilizers exported imports dropping tariff downs

Final Review Results on Imported Phenol

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China Chemical Reporter 2010年第4期21卷 7-7页

The Ministry of Commerce (MOC) announced on January31 st to continue antidumping measures on importedphenol (HS code:29071110) from Japan,Korea,USAand Taiwan *** imposes duties on imported phenol from theabove mention... 详细信息

关键词： Phenol tariff imported phenol continue Korea Taiwa

When to Lift Restrictions on Natural Rubber Import?

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China Chemical Reporter 2008年第13期19卷 22-23页

作者： Ren Fang

In the 2008 forum on the development of the Chinese rubber market and the two conferences(the National People’s Con-gress and the Chinese Political Consul-tative Conference)。

关键词： rubber tariff tires worry thousand shortage styren

Farmers’ Ability to Pay for Irrigation Water in the Jordan Valley

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第15期7卷 1157-1173页

作者： Mohammad Tabieh Emad Al-Karablieh Amer Salman Hussein Al-Qudah Ahmad Al-Rimawi Tala Qtaishat Department of Agricultural Economic and Agribusiness Faculty of Agriculture The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

This study aims to analyze the famers’ ability to pay for irrigation water in Jordan Valley to investigate the farmer capacity to cope with increasing the water tariff. The residual imputation approach was used based on the enterprise budget for crops cultivated in different geographical locations in Jordan Valley. This methodology deducts the contribution of non-water production inputs, annualized capital cost and fixed costs from the gross output and attributes the remaining value to water. The resulting water value is an indication of the economic efficiency of water and a proxy for the maximum farmer’s ability to pay for water. The result shows that cucumber has the highest ability to pay (JD 2.26 m-3);the percentage of water cost to total cost is 1.1%. This low percent does not encourage farmers to save water. The weighted average for maximum farmers’ ability to pay for irrigation water in Jordan valley is estimated at JD 0.76 m-3. The result shows the farmer’s ability to pay for water used in plastic house is JD 1.34 m-3 compared to JD 0.62 m-3 for open field. The estimated value of desalinated brackish water is JD 0.59 m-3 while the average desalination cost is JD 0.28 m-3. Therefore, the current practice of installing Reverse Osmosis units to irrigate high value cash crops by some farmers is economically rational, since water value is twice the desalination cost of one cubic meter. If farmers have to pay the cost of O&M, they need to pay at least JD 0.065 m-3. Increasing the water prices could encourage more efficient water use, shifts to higher value crops, adoption of plastic houses, and encourage desalination of brackish water.

关键词： Water tariff Water Value Water Cost Residual Imputation Approach Water Resources

Brazil Posts Final Ruling on PVC Case

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China Chemical Reporter 2008年第27期19卷 5-5页

On August 28,Brazil announced afinal ruling on the dumping case of PVC(HS code: 39041010)origi-nated from China and *** tariff rate is 10.5%for Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemi-cal Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou Huasu Plas-tics Co Ltd Ti... 详细信息

关键词： Brazil dumping tariff Tianjin Suzhou Alkali Korea

Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and Countermeasures

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China Oil & Gas 2021年第6期28卷 29-34页

作者： Jiang He Fan Xuqiang Xie Wei Chen Jianrong CNPC Economics&Technology Research Institute

In July,2021,the European Union(EU)proposed the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM),which is commonly known as carbon tariffs,clarifying that the CBAM will enter the transitional period in 2023,and will be put into effect in *** the short term,the CBAM has a limited impact on China’s economy and trade,but in the long run,it will have a substantial impact on the country’s achievement of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals(hereinafter the“3060”goal).In view of this,China should resolutely oppose carbon tariffs,and persist in its own carbon emission goals,adhering to the principle of“common but differentiated responsibilities”.

关键词： tariff Countermeasures Impact