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Alternative splicing of POUM2 regulates embryonic cuticular formation and tanning in Bombyx mori

Insect Science 2023年第5期30卷 1267-1281页

作者： Chunmei Tong Kang Zhang Zixia Rong Wanyu Mo Yuling Peng Sichun Zheng Qi-Li Feng Huimin Deng Guangdong Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application ResearchInstitute of Insect Science and Technology&School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina

Insect cuticle is an apical extracellular matrix produced by the epidermis,tracheal,hind-and foregut epithelia during embryogenesis and renewed during molting and metamorphosis.However,the underlying regulatory mechanism for embryonic cuticle formation remains largely unclear.Here,we investigate the function of the transcription factor POUM2 in the embryonic cuticular formation in Bombyx mori,a model lepidopteran insect.Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9-mediated knockout of POUM2 resulted in the defect of cuticular deposition,pigmentation,and sclerotization in the embryos.Differentially expressed transcripts analysis of 7-d-old embryos identified 174 up-or downregulated cuticular protein transcripts,8 upregulated chitin degradation transcripts,2 downregulated chitin synthesis transcripts and 48 up-or downregulated transcription factor transcripts in the POUM2−/−embryos.The expression levels of the key factors of the tyrosine metabolic pathway,such as tyrosine hydroxylase(Th),Dopa decarboxylase(DDC),and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase(aaNAT),were significantly decreased in the POUM2−/−embryos.POUM2 isoform POUM2-L specifically bound the POU cis-regulatory element(CRE)in the Th promoter and increased the transcription of Th,whereas POUM2-S could not bind the POU CRE,although it also increased the transcription of Th.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Squid-1 directly bound the POUM2 pre-mRNA(messenger RNA)and inhibited the alternative splicing of POUM2-L to POUM2-S mRNA.These results suggest that POUM2 participates in the cuticular formation by regulating the chitin and cuticular protein synthesis and metabolism,and the cuticular pigmentation and sclerotization by regulating tyrosine metabolism during embryogenesis.This study provides new insights into novel function of POUM2 in embryogenesis.

关键词： alternative splicing cuticular formation embryogenesis POUM2 tanning

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Melanization in living organisms: a perspective of species evolution

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Protein & Cell 2010年第9期1卷 830-841页

作者： Christopher J Vavricka Bruce M.Christensen Jianyong Li CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CASPMI)Beijing 100101China Department of Pathobiology University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Biochemistry Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Eumelanin is a heteropolymer that is generally composed of hydroxylated indole residues and plays diverse protective functions in various species.Melanin is derived from the amino acid tyrosine and production of melanin is a highly complex oxidative process with a number of steps that can either proceed enzymatically or non-enzymatically.Although melanin plays important protective roles in many species,during melanization,particularly in steps that can proceed non-enzymatically,many toxic intermediates are produced,including semiquinones,dopaquinone,indole-quinones and moreover,the production of many reactive oxygen species.To mitigate the production of reactive species,a number of proteins that regulate the biochemical process of melanization have evolved in various living species,which is closely related to adaptation and physiological requirements.In this communication,we discuss differences between non-enzymatic and enzymatic processes of melanization and the enzymatic regulation of melanization in difference species with an emphasis on differences between mammals and insects.Comparison between melanization and insect sclerotization is also emphasized which raises some interesting questions about the current models of these pathways.

关键词： melanization melanogenesis sclerotization tanning dopa tyrosinase dopachrome tautomerase

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Covalent and Ionic Bonding between Tannin and Collagen in Leather Making and Shrinking:A MALDI-ToF Study

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第8期9卷 1345-1364页

作者： Antonio Pizzi LERMAB-ENSTIB University of LorraineEpinal88000France

Collagen powder hydrolysates were reacted with a solution of commercial mimosa bark tannin extract.The mixture was prepared at ambient temperature and prepared at 80°C to determine what reactions,if any,did occur between the collagen protein through its amino acids and the polyphenolic condensed tannin.The reaction products obtained were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight(MALDI ToF)mass spectrometry.Reactions between the two materials did appear to occur,with the formation of a relatively small proportion of covalent and ionic linkages at ambient temperature but a considerable proportion of covalent linkages tannin-protein amino acids and the disappearance of ionic bonds.The linkages between the two materials appeared to be by amination of the phenolic–OHs of the tannin by the amino groups of the non-skeletal side chains of arginine,and by esterification by the–COOH groups of glutamic and aspartic acid of the aliphatic alcohol-OH on the C3 site of the flavonoid units heterocycle of the tannin.The proportion of covalent linkages increases markedly and predominate with increasing temperatures.This tightening of the tannin-protein covalent network formed may be an additional contributing factor both to leather wear resistance and performance as well to leather shrinking when this is subjected to excessive temperatures.

关键词： Leather collagen vegetal tannins tanning tannin-protein reactions covalent bonds leather cross-linking leather shrinkage MALDI

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An insight into artisanal leather making in Ghana

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Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 2020年第1期2卷 307-320页

作者： Miriam Appiah-Brempong Helen M.K.Essandoh Nana Yaw Asiedu Samuel Kwame Dadzie Francis Warings Yao Momade RWESCK Department of Civil EngineeringCollege of EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Materials Engineering College of EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana

The production of leather from animal skins and hides through tanning processes began in the pre-historic ages.Despite the origination of new leather making techniques such as chrome tanning which is being employed extensively today,the traditional method of leather production primarily through vegetable tanning is still being practised mostly in artisanal tanneries in developing nations including Ghana.Artisanal leather making,thus,contributes beneficially to rural livelihood.Nevertheless,the growth of this sector has been stifled by the lack of innovative technologies to enhance productivity.This challenge could be partly linked to the knowledge gap on the scientific principles governing artisanal leather production processes.This study,therefore,elaborates on various process steps and materials employed in traditional leather making in Ghana and the scientific principles underlying each of the processes.It also makes a comparison between traditional and modern leather manufacturing processes and identifies knowledge and technological gaps which would inspire in-depth scientific research into artisanal leather making.

关键词： Artisanal leather making processes Modern-day leather manufacturing Animal skin/hide Tannery Pre-tanning tanning Post-tanning

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慢性手部湿疹患者口服补骨脂素联合家用便携式tanning unit进行PUVA治疗与医院监管下的PU-VA治疗的比较:一种公开随机对照实验的有效性

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 58-59页

作者： Van Coevorden A.M. Kamphof W.G. Van Sonderen E. 田中伟 Department of Dermatology University Hospital Groningen PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen Netherlands Dr.

Objective: To study whether oral psoralen-UV-A (PUVA) with a portable tanning unit at home is as effective as hospital-administered bath PUVA in patients with chronic hand eczema. Design: Open-label randomized controlled trial, with a 10week treatment period and an 8-week follow-up period. Setting: Two university hospital dermatology departments in the Netherlands, specializinginhand eczema. Patients: One hundred fifty-eight patients with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (more than 1 year induration). Interventions: Oral PUVA using methoxsalen capsules and a simple portable commercial facial tanning unit, or hospital-administered bath PUVA with trioxsalen. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was clinical assessment by a hand eczema score (evaluation of desquamation, erythema, vesiculation, infiltration, fissures, itch, and pain, each on a 4-point scale) after 10 weeks of treatment. The secondary outcome was hand eczema score at 8 weeks of follow-up, after completion of treatment. The tertiary outcome was travel cost and time off work. Results: Both groups showed a comparable and substantial decrease in hand eczema score (meaningful clinical improvement). This decrease was maintained during the follow-up period. Patients treated with oral PUVA at home had lower travel costs and less time off work. Conclusions: Oral PUVA at home has a clinically relevant efficacy, similar to that of hospital-administered bath PUVA. This effect was maintained during an 8-week follow-up period. It resulted in lower travel costs and less time off work.

关键词：手部湿疹 PU-VA tanning unit 补骨脂素 PUVA 随机对照实验三甲沙林临床改善工作时间临床评估

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The Melanin Biosynthesis Stimulating Compounds Isolated from the Fruiting Bodies of <i>Pleurotus citrinopileatus</i>

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2012年第3期2卷 151-157页

作者： Tian-Xiao Meng Chao-Feng Zhang Tomofumi Miyamoto Hiroya Ishikawa Kuniyoshi Shimizu Shoji Ohga Ryuichiro Kondo Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Nutrition and Health Science Faculty of Human Environmental Science Fukuoka Women’s University Fukuoka Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

In the course to find a stimulating compound for melanin biosynthesis, which should be useful for a gray and a white hair-preventive agent or tanning agent, we evaluated the effects of the methanol extract from mushroom of Pleurotus citrinopileatus on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells without theophylline. Activity-guided fractionation led to isolate myo-inositol (3) and D-mannitol (4) as the stimulating compounds on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. Also, ergosterol (1), uracil (2), and D-glucose (5) have been isolated from the methanol extract of P. citrinopileatus and showed no effect on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. These results indicated that myo-inositol (3) and D-mannitol (4) are potential candidates that could be useful such as a gray and a white hair-preventive agent or tanning agent.

关键词： Pleurotus citrinopileatus myo-Inositol D-Mannitol Melanin Stimulating Activity White Hair-Preventive Agent tanning Agent

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Giant Omphalocele Ruptured: An Operated Case and Review of the Literature

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期10卷 447-451页

作者： Koffi Maxime Koffi Akaffou Evelyne Dieth Atafy Gaudens Yapo Brouh da Silva-Anoma Sylvia Pediatric Surgery Mother and Children Hospital of Bingerville Bingerville Cote d’Ivoire General Pediatric Mother and Children Hospital of Bingerville Bingerville Cote d’Ivoire Anesthesiology Mother and Children Hospital of Bingerville Bingerville Cote d’Ivoire

Background: The omphalocele is a congenital defect of closure of the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilical ring with evisceration of the intra-abdominal organs in the form of a bag covered with a membrane. This membrane can rupture and become an extreme emergency that can put the infant’s life at stake. Aim: The purpose of this case report is to present a case of ruptured omphalocele operated successfully and describe the factors of good prognosis. Case Presentation: A female new-born with a giant omphalocele. This omphalocele ruptured during conservative treatment. An emergency surgery was organised and the defect was closed by using a prosthesis. The postoperative course was simple. During the 12 months follow-up, we have seen no complication. Conclusion: The management of ruptured omphaloceles is a surgical and anesthetic challenge. The mortality of this condition can be improved in our context by setting up well-equipped neonatal resuscitation units.

关键词： Ruptured Omphalocele Surgery tanning

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美一皮革公司研制出新型裁断装置

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北京皮革（中外皮革信息版）（中） 2001年第10期 27-27页

作者：王璐

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