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Discussion on the sweep efficiency of hybrid steam-chemical process in heavy oil reservoirs: An experimental study

Petroleum Science 2022年第6期19卷 2905-2921页

作者： Xiao-Hu Dong Xiu-Chao Jiang Wei Zheng Hui-Qing Liu Ren-Jie Liu Wu-Chao Wang De-Shang Zeng Tai-Chao Wang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Offshore Oil Exploitation Beijing100028China

Non-condensable gas(NCG),foam and surfactant are the three commonly-used additives in hybrid steam-chemical processes for heavy oil *** application can effectively control the steam injection profile and increase the sweep *** this paper,the methods of microscale visualized experiment and macroscale 3D experiment are applied to systematically evaluate the areal and vertical sweep efficiencies of different hybrid steam-chemical ***,a series of static tests are performed to evaluate the effect of different additives on heavy oil ***,by a series of tests on the microscale visualized model,the areal sweep efficiencies of a baseline steam flooding process and different follow-up hybrid EOR processes are obtained from the collected 2D ***,they include the hybrid steam-N_(2)process,hybrid steam-N2/foam process,hybrid steam-surfactant process and hybrid steam-N2/foam/surfactant process(N2/foam slug first and steam-surfactant co-injection then).From the results of static tests and visualized micromodels,the pore scale EOR mechanisms and the difference between them can be *** the vertical sweep efficiencies,a macroscale 3D experiment of steam flooding process and a follow-up hybrid EOR process is ***,combing the macroscale 3D experiment and laboratory-scaled numerical simulation,the vertical and overall sweep efficiencies of different hybrid steam-chemical processes are *** indicate that compared with a steam flooding process,the areal sweep efficiency of a hybrid steam-N2process is *** is caused by the high mobility ratio in a steam-N2-heavy oil *** contrast,the enhancement of sweep efficiency by a hybrid steam-N2/foam/surfactant process is the *** is because of the high resistance capacity of NCG foam system and the performance of ***,a surfactant can interact with the oil film in chief zone and reduce the interfacial energy,and thus

关键词： Heavy oil reservoirs Visualized model Scaled 3D model sweep efficiency Hybrid EOR process Multicomponent and multiphase fluids

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Enhanced flushing of polychlorinated biphenyls contaminated sands using surfactant foam: Effect of partition coefficient and sweep efficiency

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第7期24卷 1270-1277页

作者： Hao Wang Jiajun Chen Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Foam flushing is an in situ soil remediation technology based on the traditional surfactant flushing method. The contribution of mobility control to contaminant removal by foam is helpful for improving this technology. Foam flushing of polychlorinated biphenyl （PCB）- contaminated unconsolidated media was performed to evaluate the effect of the partition coefficient （PC） and sweep efficiency （SE） on PCB removal. Column flushing with surfactant solution and foam with different types and concentrations of surfactant was carried out for PCB removal. Two types of quartz sand were investigated to evaluate the Jamin effect on the SE value of the washing agent. The results demonstrate that a small PC value and large SE value are necessary to achieve high PCB removal for foam flushing. Compared with solution flushing, the introduction of foam can effectively control the mobility of the washing agent. Similar to solution flushing, solubilization is a key factor which dominates the removal of PCBs in foam flushing, In addition, the SE value and PCB removal by foam flushing is less affected by particle size. Therefore, foam flushing was proved to be more effective in porous media with low hydraulic conductivity and high porosity. An integrated flushing with water, surfactant solution and foam was performed and the results prove that this technology successfully combines the advantages of solution solubilization and mobility control by foam, and thus further increases the remediation efficiency of PCBs to 94.7% for coarse sand.

关键词： PCBs foam flushing partition coefficient sweep efficiency

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Quantitative Description of the Effects of sweep efficiency and Displacement efficiency during Chemical Flooding on a Heterogeneous Reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2004年第3期1卷 41-48,77页

作者：沈平平袁士义邓宝荣宋杰沈奎友中国石油勘探开发研究院中国北京100083

The processes of flooding—water flooding, polymer flooding and ternary combination flooding—were simulated respectively on a 2-D positive rhythm profile geological model by using the ASP numerical modeling software developed by RIPED (Yuan, et al. 1995). The recovery coefficient, remaining oil saturation, sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency were calculated and correlated layer by layer. The results show that the sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency work different effects on different layers in the severely heterogeneous reservoir. The study shows that the displacement efficiency and sweep efficiency play different roles in different layers for severely heterogeneous reservoirs. The displacement efficiency contributes mainly to the high permeability zones, the sweep efficiency to the low permeability zones, both of which contribute to the middle permeable zones. To improve the sweep efficiency in the low permeability zones is of significance for enhancing the whole recovery of the reservoir. It is an important path for improving the effectiveness of chemical flooding in the severely heterogeneous reservoirs to inject ternary combination slug after profile control.

关键词： Chemical flooding displacement efficiency sweep efficiency recovery efficiency heterogenous reservoir

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FINITE VOLUME METHOD FOR SIMULATION OF VISCOELASTIC FLOW THROUGH A EXPANSION CHANNEL

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第3期21卷 360-365页

作者： FU Chun-quan JIANG Hai-mei YIN Hong-jun SU Yu-chi ZENG Ye-ming Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of Ministry of Education Daqing Petroleum Institute Daqing 163318 China China National Offshore Oil Company Research Center Beijing 100027 China China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited Beijing 100010 China Oil Recovery Plant No.1 Daqing Oilfield Corp. Ltd. Daqing 163001 China

A finite volume method for the numerical solution of viscoelastic flows is given. The flow of a differential Upper-Convected Maxwell （UCM） fluid through an abrupt expansion has been chosen as a prototype example. The conservation and constitutive equations are solved using the Finite Volume Method （FVM） in a staggered grid with an upwind scheme for the viscoelastic stresses and a hybrid scheme for the velocities. An enhanced-in-speed pressure-correction algorithm is used and a method for handling the source term in the momentum equations is employed. Improved accuracy is achieved by a special discretization of the boundary conditions. Stable solutions are obtained for higher Weissenberg number （We）, further extending the range of simulations with the FVM. Numerical results show the viscoelasticity of polymer solutions is the main factor influencing the sweeo efficiency.

关键词： Upper-Convected Maxwell (UCM) model finite volume method viscoelasticity sweep efficiency

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Understanding aqueous foam with novel CO2-soluble surfactants for controlling CO2 vertical sweep in sandstone reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2017年第2期14卷 330-361页

作者： Guangwei Ren Quoc P. Nguyen Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Department University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA Total E&P R&T USA Houston TX USA

The ability of a novel nonionic CO2 -soluble surfactant to propagate foam in porous media was compared with that of a conventional anionic surfactant（aqueous soluble only）through core floods with Berea sandstone *** simultaneous and alternating injections have been *** novel foam outperforms the conventional one with respect to faster foam propagation and higher desaturation ***,the novel injection strategy,CO2 continuous injection with dissolved CO2 -soluble surfactant,has been tested in the *** foam presented without *** is the first time the measured surfactant properties have been used to model foam transport on a field scale to extend our findings with the presence of gravity *** injection strategies have been tested under both constant rate and pressure *** was showed that novel foam outperforms the conventional one in every scenario with much higher sweep efficiency and injectivity as well as more even pressure ***,for this novel foam,it is not necessary that constant pressure injection is better,which has been concluded in previous literature for conventional ***,the novel injection strategy,CO2 continuous injection with dissolved CO2 -soluble surfactant,gave the best performance,which could lower the injection and water treatment cost.

关键词： Foam CO2-soluble surfactant sweep efficiency Gravity segregation Optimal injection strategy

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Displacement and development characteristics of fire flooding of vertical wells in old heavy oil areas

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Petroleum Research 2018年第2期3卷 165-179页

作者： Wenlong Guan Xialin Zhang Changfeng Xi Xiaochun Wang Fengxiang Yang Xiaorong Shi Qiu Li PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing100083China State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery Beijing100083China Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyXinjiang834000China

As the vertical-well fire flooding technology is industrially applied in the steam-injection old heavy oil areas of Xinjiang and Liaohe oilfields,its enhanced oil recovery potential is gradually *** to laboratory experiment,field test and reservoir engineering,the displacement characteristics of verticalwell fire flooding in the steam-injection old heavy oil areas are systematically *** experiments and core data show that the vertical-well fire flooding has significantly high flooding ef-ficiency,no residual oil are remained in the firing front sweeping zone,and the lateral sweep efficiency and ultimate recovery can be *** vertical-well fire flooding is a strategic replacement technology to enhance the recovery *** characteristics and advantages of areal and linear fire flooding are well investigated,and research results are applied in the design of industrial test plan of fire flooding in the Hongqian block,*** research shows that the linear well pattern has advantages of easy construction of ground facilities and management,less well of stage management,simple matching technology and easy achievement of purposeful control for fire front;the areal well pattern has advantages in reducing the air/oil ratio during the fire flooding period,increasing the total recovery rate of reservoirs and reducing the geological and reservoir management *** select well patterns of fire flooding,some factors such as geology,reservoir,fluid properties,oil price,and reservoir development degree should be mainly *** the Hongqian block,an improved linear well pattern with a combination of new wells and old wells is applied,this not only absorb experiences of linear well pattern pilot test,but also use advantages of areal well pattern.

关键词： Old heavy oil area Fire flooding Residual oil Oil displacement efficiency sweep efficiency Linear and areal well patterns

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A Research Progress of CO_(2)-Responsive Plugging Channeling Gels

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Energy Engineering 2024年第7期121卷 1759-1780页

作者： Yang Xiong Jianxin Liu Xianhao Yi Bangyan Xiao Dan Wu Biao Wu Chunyu Gao Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China School of Petroleum Engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China

In the heterogeneous reservoirs,CO_(2) flooding easily leads to CO_(2) gas channeling,which can seriously affect sweeping efficiency and reduce oil *** thoroughly investigating the advantages and shortcomings of various CO_(2) plugging technologies,this paper focuses on the feasibility of improving conventional water-alternating gas(WAG)through CO_(2)-responsive gel *** on the different chemical reaction mechanisms between the unique chemical structure and CO_(2),changes in the material’s physical and chemical properties can respond to CO_(2).The feasibility of utilizing these property changes for CO_(2)-responsive plugging is *** CO_(2)-responsive gels and gel nanoparticles have been extensively researched in different fields,such as energy,medicine,and *** paper surveys the molecular structures,chemical compositions,response mechanisms,and changes of these CO_(2)-responsive gels,aiming to draw insights into the carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)***,the key issues and future development direction of CO_(2)-responsive plugging gels were analyzed.

关键词： Gas channeling sweep efficiency CO_(2)-responsive gel CO_(2)-EOR

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Two—phase flow in correlated pore—throat random porous media

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Chinese Physics B 2002年第4期11卷 358-365页

作者：田巨平姚凯伦 DepartmentofPhysics WuhanInstituteofScienceandTechnologyWuhan430073China DepartmentofPhysicsHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology Wuhan430074China CCAST(WorldLaboratory) Beiji

We have constructed a porous media model in which there are percolation clusters with varying percolation probability P and correlated site-bonds. Taking into account both the pore and the throat geometry, the viscous fingering (VF) in porous media has been investigated by using the standard over-relaxed Gauss-Seidel scheme. The simulation results show that the VF structure varies with the correlation parameter ε, the viscosity ratio M and the percolation probability P. The smaller the correlation parameter ε, the greater thedeviation of the normalized size distribution of the invaded throat Ninv(r) from the truncated Rayleigh *** a larger viscosity ratio M,the VF pattern looks like a diffusion-limited-aggregation structure in percolation clusters. The fractal dimension D increases with the increase of the percolation probability P and the correlation parameter e. The velocity distribution f(α) of VF in percolation clusters is of a parabola-like curve. The tail of the distribution (large α) is longer for a larger correlation parameter ε. For a smaller ε, the distribution is very sharp. The sweep efficiency E decreases along with the decrease of the correlation parameter ε and the increase of the network size Lnz. E has a minimum as Lnz increases up to the maximum no matter what the values of P, M and ε. The E ～ Lnz curve has a frozen zone and an active zone. The geometry and the topology of the porous media have strong effects on the displacement processes and the structure of VF.

关键词： correlation parameter fractal dimension sweep efficiency scaling function

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