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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2000年第S1期7卷 116-118页

作者： Yu.V.Lyubitsky Khabarovsk State University of Technology

Storm surges are one of the most dangerous natural phenomena for the estuary of the Amur River. The generation of surges in this area was investigated by means of a two-dimensional numerical model. The accuracy of the numerical calculation was verified by comparison of computed and observed sea levels. A series of numerical experiments was executed to estimate the influence of hypothetical anthropogenic processes on the variation of maximum storm surge heights.

关键词： storm surges numerical model anthropogenic processes

The unusual 2014–2016 El Nino events: Dynamics, prediction and enlightenments

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第5期63卷 626-633页

作者： Ruihuang XIE Xianghui FANG CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanologyand Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Innovation Center of Ocean and Atmosphere System Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research InstituteZhuhai 518057China

The 2014–2016 El Ni?o events consist of a stalled El Ni?o event in the winter of 2014/2015 and a following extreme El Ni?o event in the end of 2015.Neither event was successfully predicted in operational prediction models.Because of the unusual evolutions of these events that rarely happened in the historical observations,few experience was ready for understanding and predicting the two El Ni?o events when they occurred.Also due to their specialties,considerable attention were attracted with aims to reveal the hidden mechanisms.This article reviews the recent progresses and knowledge that were obtained in these studies.Emerging from these studies,it was argued that the key factor that was responsible for the stalled El Ni?o in 2014 was the unexpected summertime Easterly Wind surges(EWSs)or the lack of summertime Westerly Wind Bursts(WWBs).Most operational prediction models failed to reproduce such stochastic winds and thus made unrealistic forecasts.The two El Ni?o events awakened the research community again to incorporate the state-of-the-art climate models to simulate the stochastic winds and investigate their roles in the development of El Nino.

关键词： El Nino Westerly Wind Bursts Easterly Wind surges Operational prediction models

Characteristics of mountain glacier surge hazard: learning from a surge event in NE Pamir, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第7期16卷 1515-1533页

作者： YAO Xin Javed IQBAL LI Ling-jing ZHOU Zheng-kai Key Laboratory of Active Tectonic and Crustal Stability Assessment Institute of GeomechanicsChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing100086China Department of Earth Sciences Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyKPK 22010Pakistan Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

Abnormal glacier movement is likely to result in canyon-type hazards chain,such as the barrier lake of Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon formed by glacier debris flow in October 2018 in China.Glacier hazard usually evolves from the glacier surge and may occur in a regular cycle.Understanding the characteristics and process of glacier surge is important for early hazard recognition and hazard assessment.Based on field investigations,remote sensing interpretations and SAR offset-tracking surveys,this study confirms a typical glacier surge in the northeast Pamir,and presents its characteristics and processes."Black ice"mixed moraines choking uplift and overflowing lateral marine are the most important scenic characteristics,which were formed under the conditions of stagnant glacier downstream and abundant super-glacial moraine.Glacier movement event can be divided into a five-period cycle including quiescent,inoculation,initiation,fracture and decline.This surge event lasted for about 300 days,initiated in February 2015 developed extensive fracturing zone in spring and early summer at maximum velocity of 10±0.95 m/day,declined after August 2015 and recovered to quiescent status in October 2015 for the next inoculation.The average height of glacier"receiving"area increased by 20-40 m with 2.7-3.6×10^8 m^3 ice transferred from glacier"reservoir",and this volume accumulation again require 50-100 years for glacier mass balance which gives approximately 100 years frequency of the glacier surge.Nevertheless,long-period increase of precipitation and temperature were favorable for the occurrence,hydrological instability is the direct triggering mechanism,and while the Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF)hazards are unlikely to occur with this surge.

关键词： Glacier surges Moraine Glacier hazards Mountain glacier Glacier monitoring Offset-tracking SAR

Influence of Climate and Tectonics on the Crystallization of Carnallite and Related Salts in the Congolese Atlantic Basin during the Lower Cretaceous, Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Geology 2023年第1期13卷 51-71页

作者： Daphne Steimer Garcia Nkokani Milandou Hilaire Elenga Maurice Dieudonné Malounguila Nganga Mathurin Enama Mengong Center for Geological and Mining Research Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Science and Technology Geology Course Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Newco Mining SA Pointe-Noire Republic of Congo

Lithological, petrographic, and morphoscopic studies were conducted on cuttings and cores from three boreholes drilled in the Loemé salt, Kanga site, Republic of the Congo, to determine 1) the preferential conditions for crystallization of carnallite and associated salts and 2) to reconstruct paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions at the time of sedimentation. Sequential analysis of logs, sedimentary structures, carnallitite facies and associated salts concluded to the existence of a potassic carnallitite lagoon basin with low water cover, on a very wide and extensive plateau, affected by coastal waves and swells resulting from successive collapses. This basin evolved in two phases: confined and then open. The regular stratifications of halite, the rhythmicity of the halite-carnallitite elementary sequences are characteristic of salts that precipitated in relatively stable brines. These salts are therefore tectonosedimentary. The brecciated facies of the carnallitites sometimes associated with tachyhydrite result from the evolution of these deposits into salt crusts reworked by the surges into subaquatic allochemical gravelly cords under water. These crusts mark stages of partial and complete drying of the basin in a very hot and arid climate. Prolonged exposure of halite brines as well as their homogenization by surges accelerated evaporation and their abrupt evolution into carnallite brines obstructing the fossilization of sylvite. The precipitation of tachyhydrite marks the final stage of the successive complete drying of the basin.

关键词： Potassium Lagoon surges Stable Brines Rhythmicity Elementary Sequences Salt Crusts Arid Climate Republic of the Congo

Studies on marine dynamic disasters

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第6期37卷 1791-1794页

作者： HU Po LIU Yahao HOU Yijun Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

Marine dynamic disasters,including storm surges,huge waves,and sea ice,are the most harmful natural disasters aff ecting coastal countries in the world.Under the infl uence of global climate change,the mechanisms,frequencies,and damage severity of marine dynamic disasters are exhibiting new characteristics.The enormity,unpredictability,and chain eff ects of these disasters have become increasingly prominent,and the losses endured by coastal countries around the world have been increasing year by year.Therefore,the prediction of,risk assessment for,and emergency response to marine dynamic disasters are important issues for disaster prevention and mitigation worldwide.

关键词： marine dynamic disasters storm surges huge waves

FREQUENT ACTIVITIES OF STRONGER AEROTROUGHS IN EAST ASIA IN WINTERTIME AND THE OCCURRENCE OF THE EI Nino EVENT

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Science China Chemistry 1989年第8期32卷 976-985页

作者：李崇银 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica Beijing

In this paper, some data analyses and theoretical discussion show that there are frequentactivities of stronger aerotroughs (cold surges) in East Asia during the wintertime priorto the occurrence of El Nino, and the disturbance energies acompanied with the stronger coldsurges in East Asia are frequently dispersed southeastward from Siberia to the central westernPacific. The trade winds will be weakened and the convections will be enhanced over theequatorial central western Pacific by the strong cold surges. Then the El Nino event willoccur. A possible important process or mechanism to cause the El Nino event is suggested.

关键词： aerotroughs in East Asia cold surges El Nino event

RECENT PROGRESS IN STORM SURGE FORECASTING

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2018年第2期7卷 128-139页

作者： NADAO KOHNO SHISHIR K.DUBE MIKHAIL ENTEL S.H.M.FAKHRUDDIN DIANA GREENSLADE MARIE-DOMINIQUE LEROUX JAMIE RHOME NGUYEN BA THUY Japan Meteorological Agency Amity University Rajasthan Bureau of Meteorology Tonkin +Taylor International Ltd National Hurricane Center Meteo-France National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting

This report briefly summarizes recent progress in storm surge forecasts, one of topics discussed during the fourth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclone Landfall Process(IWTCLP 4) held during 5-8 December, 2017. In the workshop, improvement of storm surge forecasting system was mainly discussed with relevance to the problem of estimating the impacts of tropical cyclone landfall.To deal with storm surges, accurate TC condition(predictions and forecasts) as input, reasonable storm surge predictions(with forecasting systems), and effective advisories/warnings(i.e. useful information products) are necessary. Therefore, we need to improve storm surge related matters systematically: input, prediction system, and ef fective information.This report tries to highlight recent progress in the field of storm surges in relation to three key points: improvement in storm surge forecasting models/system, TC conditions as input for storm surge predictions, and informative products for end users.

关键词： storm surges tropical cyclone forecast system warning landfall

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国际证券资金大幅流入识别及其影响因素研究