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Numerical simulation of 23 June 2016 Yancheng City EF4 tornadic supercell and analysis of lightning activity

Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第12期60卷 2204-2213页

作者： GUO FengXia LI Yang HUANG ZhaoChu WANG ManFei ZENG FanHui LIAN ChunHao MU YiJun key laboratory of meteorological disaster ministry of education(klme)joint international research laboratory of climate and environment change(ilcec)collaborative innovation center on forecast and evaluation of meteorological disaster(cic-femd)key laboratory for aerosol-cloud-precipitation of china meteorological administrationnanjing university of information science&technologyNanjing 210044China

Based on the Weather Research Forecasting(WRF) model that features charging and discharging parameterization,relationships between tornado, hail and lightning were investigated for a tornado-producing(EF4 intensity) supercell thunderstorm over Yancheng City in Jiangsu Province, China, on 23 June 2016. Based on a sounding at 0800, there was a low lifting condensation level, substantial convective available potential energy(CAPE), and strong vertical wind shear near Yancheng City, which promote supercell development. At 1400, observations revealed that hail production and a dramatic increase of positive cloud-to-ground flash rates occurred simultaneously, maximizing five minutes later. The tornado occurred 30 min after the hail production. The time of minimum positive cloud-to-ground flash rates was 15 min later. The simulation indicated that the tornadic supercell moved eastward and that positive cloud-to-ground flash rates increased dramatically at 1400, the same as observed, but their maximum was 5 min later than observed. The simulated updraft volume peaked at 1425 and the simulated downdraft volume maximized5 min later, when the mesocyclone formed. Simulated reflectivities showed no hook echo and horizontal winds for different height at mid-low levels had a different cyclonic shear at 1430, favorable to mesocyclone formation. Based on the simulated results,the region of positively charged graupel ascended resulting from the region of high liquid water content was lifted by the strong updraft, forming a mid-level strong positive charge region. A lower negative charge region formed by the inductive charging mechanism of collisions between graupel and droplets at the bottom of the cloud, conducive to positive cloud-to-ground flashes.

关键词： Tornado supercell WRF Hail Positive cloud-to-ground flashes

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Microphysical Insights into a Tornadic supercell from Dual-Polarization Radar Observations in Jiangsu, China on 14 May 2021

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 303-320页

作者： Chao YUAN Yang BAI Pengfei SUN Hua BAI Lu XIA China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key Laboratory Foshan 528315 Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological AdministrationShenyang 110166 Panjin National Climate Observatory Panjin 124010 Yangzhou Meteorological Bureau of Jiangsu Province Yangzhou 225100 Yichun Meteorological Bureau of Heilongjiang Province Yichun 153000

Tornadoes are incredibly powerful and destructive natural events,yet the microphysical characteristics of the parent storm and its effects on tornadogenesis remain *** study analyzed polarization radar data of a tornadic supercell that occurred in Jiangsu Province of China on 14 May 2021,in comparison with another tornadic supercell and two non-tornadic supercells that occurred in the same region in *** two tornadic supercells exhibited lower differential reflectivity(ZDR)in the hook echo region compared with the non-tornadic supercells,indicating smaller median drop sizes.A distinct increase in ZDR from the melting of frozen hydrometeors,observed between2.5-and 4.0-km altitude in the non-tornadic storms,was absent in the tornadic *** non-tornadic supercells also displayed substantially higher specific differential phase(KDP)below the melting level,likely aroused from enhanced melting and *** findings suggest fundamental microphysical contrasts between tornadic and nontornadic ***,tornadic supercells have smaller droplets and may reduce melting in hook ***,greater separation between the ZDR arc and the KDP foot was observed during *** vertical gradient of KDP related to the cooling pool strength of the hook echo,regulating rear-flank downdraft *** the limited number of cases investigated,the findings of this study indicate that monitoring ZDR,KDP,and drop size distribution trends could assist with tornado prediction and warnings.

关键词： tornado polarimetric radar supercell hook echo drop size distribution

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A Comparison of Two Bulk Microphysics Parameterizations for the Study of Aerosol Impacts on an Idealized supercell

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第1期39卷 97-116页

作者： Wanchen WU Wei HUANG Baode CHEN Shanghai Typhoon Institute and Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Tropical Cyclone of China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China

Idealized supercell storms are simulated with two aerosol-aware bulk microphysics schemes(BMSs),the Thompson and the Chen-Liu-Reisner(CLR),using the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)*** objective of this study is to investigate the parameterizations of aerosol effects on cloud and precipitation characteristics and assess the necessity of introducing aerosols into a weather prediction model at fine grid *** results show that aerosols play a decisive role in the composition of clouds in terms of the mixing ratios and number concentrations of liquid and ice hydrometeors in an intense supercell *** storm consists of a large amount of cloud water and snow in the polluted environment,but a large amount of rainwater and graupel instead in the clean *** total precipitation and rain intensity are suppressed in the CLR scheme more than in the Thompson scheme in the first three hours of storm *** critical processes explaining the differences are the auto-conversion rate in the warm-rain process at the beginning of storm intensification and the low-level cooling induced by large ice *** cloud condensation nuclei(CCN)activation and auto-conversion processes of the two schemes exhibit considerable differences,indicating the inherent uncertainty of the parameterized aerosol effects among different *** the aerosol effects,the fall speed characteristics of graupel in the two schemes play an important role in the storm dynamics and precipitation via low-level *** rapid intensification of storms simulated with the Thompson scheme is attributed to the production of hail-like graupel.

关键词： numerical weather prediction aerosol particle size distribution aerosol-aware microphysics scheme supercell precipitation intensity precipitation physics

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Lithium-ion mobility in layered oxides Li_(2)Ca_(1.5)Nb_(3)O_(10),Li_(2)Ca_(1.5)TaNb_(2)O_(10)and Li_(2)Ca_(1.5)Ta_(2)NbO_(10),enhanced by supercell formation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 75-84页

作者： Selorm Joy Fanah Farshid Ramezanipour Department of Chemistry University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40292USA

The formation of a supercell and its impact on lithium-ion conductivity have been studied through synthesis of three layered oxides,Li_(2)Ca_(1.5)Nb_(3)O_(10),Li_(2)Ca_(1.5)TaNb_(2)O_(10)and Li_(2)Ca_(1.5)Ta_(2)NbO_(10),related to Ruddlesden-Popper *** diffraction experiments show that these materials feature a supercell,which is significantly larger(√2a×√2b×1c)than that of a typical RuddlesdenPopper *** impedance spectroscopy shows that the formation of the new supercell is associated with enhanced lithium-ion conductivity of these materials as compared with the Sranalogue,Li_(2)Sr_(1.5)Nb_(3)O_(10),which lacks the *** addition,a systematic trend is observed in the ionic conductivity:Li_(2)Ca_1.5Ta_(2)NbO10

关键词： Lithium-ion Conductivity supercell Impedance Dielectric analyses

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Investigating Lightning Characteristics through a supercell Storm by Comprehensive Coordinated Observations over North China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第8期37卷 861-872页

作者： Dongxia LIU Xiushu QIE Yichen CHEN Zhuling SUN Shanfeng YUAN Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChina Academy ScienceBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Beijing Weather Modification Office Beijing 100089China

Electrical characteristics of an isolated supercell storm observed on 13 June 2014 over Beijing were investigated using lightning data obtained from the Beijing Lightning Network,radar reflectivity,and hydrometeor retrievals during the 6-h *** cloud-to-ground(+CG)lightning took a high percentage of CG *** and during a hail event,+CG lightning was more frequent than negative cloud-to-ground(-CG)lightning,except that+CG lightning took a high percentage at the beginning and in the dissipating *** the hail event ended,-CG lightning dominated and reached its maximum *** analysis of hydrometeors retrieved by X-band polarimetric radar revealed that the discharge concentrated in the convective region with graupel particles and hailstones,whereas graupel,snow and ice crystals in the stratiform *** radiation sources were located mainly in the convective region,some of which were distributed along a gradient of radar reflectivity from the convective region to the stratiform *** indication is that the supercell demonstrated an inverted tripole charge structure before the hail event,which converted to a normal tripole structure after the hail event.

关键词： lightning supercell Beijing Lightning Network charge structure

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Characteristics of Radar Echo Parameters and Microphysical Structure Simulation of a Short-Time Heavy Precipitation supercell

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2022年第4期28卷 388-404页

作者： ZHAO Gui-xiang WANG Yi-jie LIAN Zhi-luan Shanxi Meteorological Observatory Taiyuan 030006 China Hebei Meteorological Observatory Shijiazhuang 050021 China

By using the conventional observations, radar data, NCEP/NCAR FNL 1°×1° reanalysis data and numerical simulation data and with the construction and calculation of radar echo parameters, this paper presents the structural characteristics and physical processes of a short-time heavy precipitation supercell that occurred in the squall line process in Shanxi Province on 24 June 2020. The results show that this squall line event occurred in front of a surface cold front,combined with infiltration of low-level cold air and continuous increase of near-surface humidity in the afternoon. The surface mesoscale convergence line and mesoscale dew point front contributed to the development and systemization of the squall line by a large degree. The short-time extremely heavy precipitation in Pingshun County was caused by the development of a supercell from thunderstorm cells on the front side of the squall line. The characteristics of sharp increase in vertical integral liquid water content, persistent increase in reflectivity factor and continuous rise in the echo top height appeared about 23 min earlier than the severe precipitation, which has qualitative indicating significance for the nowcasting of short-time heavy precipitation. A quantitative analysis of the radar echo parameters suggests that the“sudden drop”of FV40was a precursor signal of cells’ coalescence and rapid development to the mature stage. The areal change of the echo core at the 6 km height was highly subject to the merging and developing of cells, the rapid change of hydrometeor particles in clouds and the precipitation intensity. Changes in the cross-sectional area of convective cells at different heights can indirectly reflect the changes of liquid particles and ice particles in clouds, which is indicatively meaningful for predicting the coalescing and developing-to-maturing of cells and heavy precipitation 30-45 min earlier.A comprehensive echo parameter prediction model constructed by the random forest p

关键词： supercell short-time heavy rainfall radar echo parameters microphysical structure

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Strategies of supercell's Success

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Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 2021年第4期4卷 99-103页

作者： Yutong Wu Nanjing Foreign Language School Nanjing 210000China

supercell,known as video game company,that is the best at making money,had developed a value of over 10 billion dollars by running only 5 *** of their games earned more than a billion dollars with over one billion downloads in *** must be a lot worth studying their *** paper is divided into three parts:analyzing the marketing strategies in their games and advertising,their special way of management,and how they have contributed to the company's huge success.

关键词： supercell Game Popular

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Analysis on Three-dimensional Structure and Echo Characteristic Quantity of a supercell Storm

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2011年第8期2卷 38-42页

作者： FU Shuang-xi HE Jin-mei CHEN Tian-yu Gansu Artificial Modification Office Lanzhou 730020China Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory Lanzhou 730000China

[Objective] The research aimed to study three-dimensional structure and echo characteristic quantity of a supercell storm in central Gansu on May 30,2005.[Method] By monitoring data of Lanzhou CINRAD/CC Doppler radar,the three-dimensional structure characteristics of a rare supercell storm which happened in central Gansu on May 30,2005 were *** tried to reveal three-dimensional structure and echo characteristic index of supercell storm in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and find reason of rare heavy hail appearance.[Result] The large-scale strong storm was formed by the common effect of Mongolia cold vortex,low-level jet and ground cold *** the development of main echo was mature,on reflectivity factor map,it presented obvious inverted 'V' shaped structure in left front of low-level storm,typical hooked and 'person'-type echo characteristics in the right *** bounded weak echo zone(vault) in low level corresponded with strong echo overhanging body in high *** surpassed 60 dBz in the strong reflectivity factor *** presented one weak meso-cyclone on corresponding radial velocity *** jumped increase characteristic of VIL could be as one of indices for judging that hail started to *** all storms(VILD ≥4.0 g/m3) had more obvious indication significance than VIL for judging heavy hail(diameter ≥20 mm).[Conclusion] The research provided reference for nowcasting of strong convection weather and artificial hail suppression.

关键词： supercell Storm Three-dimensional structure Echo characteristic quantity China

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Analysis on the Doppler Radar Materials of A Typical supercell Hailstorm

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2010年第4期1卷 56-60页

作者：王楠陕西省气象台陕西西安710016

Based on basic reflectivity of Doppler radar,radial velocity and wind shear result calculated via radial velocity,a typical supercell hailstorm was *** was found that strong echo appeared in the middle level of volume scan during the beginning of storm and the converging radial wind indicated the increasing echo;with the development of storm,the converging radial wind increased gradually and tended to extend vertically,which reveals that the influx of warm and damp air provides enough vapor and *** the fastigium of storm,bounded weak echo region and V-shape gap can be observed;moreover,there was a mesocyclone in the radial velocity *** shear reflected environment field that wind rotated in clockwise with the increase of height,warm and damp influx at low altitude,the dry and cold air diverging at high altitude and the spatial distribution of ascending air flow at the middle level;during the dispersing of storm,the divergence of radial wind transformed to lower level gradually and its convergence reduced with strong echo disappeared.

关键词： supercell Wind shear Doppler radial velocity China

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COMPARISONS BETWEEN DOPPLER AND SIMULATED FEATURES OF A supercell

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2007年第1期13卷 37-40页

作者：胡胜于华英胡东明蔡安安伍志方 Guangzhou Central Meteorological Observatory Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

Firstly, typical features of a supercell, which occurred in Guangzhou on August 11, 2004, are discussed by using the new generation weather radar data. V-notch, finger-echo, weak echo region, overfiang and echo-wall are observed from reflectivity products. A vertical cross section of the radial velocity is made along the direction of the low-level inflow and across the maximum reflectivity core, which displays a part of strong updraft and downdraft. Secondly, a 3-D convective storm model is used to simulate the supercell. The maximum reflectivity and the core thickness of the simulated radar echo are 75 dBz and 14km, respectively. These values are more than the counterparts that are detected by radar. The reason is that attenuation is not calculated in the model. The wind field structure is also given when the storm is the strongest. Divergence, caused by thunderstorm outflow, is in the low level. In the middle and high level, convergence is dominant, but the plume is not simulated at the top. Finally, the evolution of the simulated vertical motion is documented. The interaction between the environmental wind and the updraft, which is formed by the convergence on the ground at the beginning, makes the storm stronger. Then, downdraft occurs and grows. When it becomes dominant, the supercell collapses.

关键词： supercell mesoscale cyclones weak echo areas 3-D numerical model

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