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Cover story: Neuromodulation Brings sunshine to Diseased Brains

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 32-32页

Various invasive and non-invasive brain modulation methods are widely used to regulate sensory,cognitive,and motor functions both within local and large brain networks.This special issue provides innovative studies to optimize relevant methods and understand their neural mechanisms,paving the way for personalized neuromodulation of cognitive function.The cover of this issue uses the image of the four heavenly Kings in Chinese culture who are in charge of good weather.It compares the process of neuroregulation technology that integrates the principles of sound,light electricity or magnetism in treating the diseased brain,to the moment when these gods cast their spells to bring sunshine and peace to the human brain in the midst of lightning and thunder.

关键词： sunshine lightning rings

Greeting sunshine in Diverse Rizhao

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中国新闻发布(英文版) 2023年第6期 70-73页

作者： Zhao Qingjiang Li Xiaomeng 不详

Rizhao, a beautiful beach city in east China’s Shandong Province, has a coastline along the Yellow Sea stretching 168.5 kilometers. Meaning “sunshine” in Chinese, the city’s name derives from a saying that it is the first place in China to embrace the morning sun. It boasts a long, rich history as the cradle of sun worship and the Longshan culture which dates back more than 4,000 years.

关键词： sunshine stretching beautiful

CHANGES OF THE THERMOSPHERE DENSITY IN THE sunshine AND SHADE AREA OBSERVED BY "SZ-2" ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY DETECTOR

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空间科学学报 2002年第Z1期22卷 49-56页

作者： QIN Guotai QIU Shiyan HE Aiqing ZHU Yiqiang SUN Lilin LIN Xianwen LI Hong XU Xuepei Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P.R. China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P.R. China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P.R. China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P.R. China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P.R. China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P.R. China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P.R. China Center for Space Science and Applied Research The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P.R. China

In this paper, thermosphere density data of "SZ-2" Atmospheric Density Detec tor From February to April 2001 are used to study the changes of the thermo sphere density in the sunshine and shaded area during solar and geomagnetic activity. The results show that in the sunshine area, the peak value of atmo spheric density changes as F10.7 varies; during geomagnetic activity, the peak value of atmospheric density in the shaded area increases as Ap increases, and start off with higher latitude, therefore move to lower latitude.

关键词： sunshine area, Shade area, Solar activity, Geomagnetic activity,Atmospheric density

Statistical Facts of Clouds, sunshine Duration, Temperature and Daily Range of Temperature in China During 1950-1988

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1993年第11期38卷 925-930页

作者：曾昭美严中伟章名立 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia SinicaBeijing 100080 PRC

1. The interannual variation of cloud amount was opposite to that of sunshine duration. The correlation coefficient between them in winter was high and negative. The long term trends of the two terms had different types. The SD obviously decreased during 1950—1988; however, the CA did not increase in the same period. The decreasing of SD in company with the slight decrease of CA could be attributed to the declining sensitivity of sunshine recorders owing to the air pollution.2. CA and SD had obvious influence on the daytime temperature and then the daily range of temperature. However, they did not affect the nighttime temperature.3. In southern China, cloud cover plays an important role m the variation of air temperature, but in northern China, perhaps there were some other processes which give more significant influence on the variation of air temperature.

关键词： total cloud amount sunshine duration atmospheric turbidity.

Advanced materials and energy technologies towards carbon neutrality

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Science China Materials 2022年第12期65卷 3187-3189页

作者： Bilu Liu Gang Liu Yongbing Tang Hui-Ming Cheng Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials ResearchTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

The rapid development of human society has led to much increased consumption of energy,which results in global energy shortage as well as serious environmental concerns due to the use of non-sustainable fossil fuels.For example,the heavy relay on the use of coal and oil leads to carbon emission which is a major factor for global warming and climate change.Developing green and sustainable energy paths becomes more urgent than ever.In this regard,energy sources like sunshine,wind,and water are important to build a clean and sustainable future.For example,one could generate electricity from sun by solar cell devices.Later,such electricity can be stored either in the form of charges by batteries or supercapacitors,or stored in the form of chemicals by electrochemical catalysis conversion,which can be transported over a long distance or stored for a long time for end use.The efficiency of these new energy technologies and devices including photovoltaic,energy storage,and energy conversion,is key which determines whether they can be largescale implemented.High-performance materials play central rules in determining the efficiency of these technologies and therefore largely influence the use of these clean energy technologies and paths toward global mission of carbon neutrality.

关键词： neutral carbon sunshine

Regional and Monthly Assessment of Possible sunshine Duration in Pakistan: A Geographical Approach

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2015年第1期7卷 65-70页

作者： Romana Ambreen Iftikhar Ahmad Xinfa Qiu Menjei Li Department of Geography University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China

The monthly possible sunshine hours have been simulated separately for all the months of the year with the help of ArcGIS. The results are evident that the geography of the area plays a pivotal role in giving shape to spatial distribution of monthly possible sunshine duration (PSD). The landforms distributions and latitudinal extent are the major geographical factors behind the spatial-temporal distribution of monthly PSD. Maps of all the months depict different sunshine hours that vary from region to region in Pakistan. The maximum difference in PSD was noticed between lofty mountains in the north and Indus Plains. In addition, the variation is phenomenal from January to August and vice versa. This sort of study based on spatial modeling is significant in Pakistan where we lack appropriate ground observed data of PSD.

关键词： Pakistan Possible sunshine Duration Monthly GIS Landforms Impact

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sunshine GIRL

体育健康知识画刊 2011年第11期 64-65页

Long-Term Variation of sunshine Duration and Their Inter-Action with Meteorogical Parameters over Chad, Central Africa

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Natural Resources 2019年第3期10卷 47-58页

作者： Saka Goni Haroun Ali Adannou Dialo Diop Mamadou S. Drame Bienzeube Tikri Mahamat Barka Aboubaker Cheidikh Beye Groupe de Laboratoire de Physique des Solides et Sciences des Matériaux Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Département de Génie Industriel et Maintenance Université Polytechnique de Mongo Mongo Tchad Département Génie Chimique Institut National Supérieur de Pétrole de Mao Mao Tchad Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées Université de Ndjamena Ndjamena Tchad

This study aims to evaluate the long-term variations of sunshine duration and to estimate its interaction with meteorogical parameters from 1950 to 2010 in Chad, Central Africa. The results show that Chad is the one of world’s sunniest countries. Each year, Chad receives more than 3030.91 ± 176.33 hours of sunning corresponding to 8.9 hours daily. Likewise, a strong north-south gradient is noted over Chad. For instance, the daily insolation is 10 ± 0.41 hours in the north, 8.85 ± 1.1 hours in the center and 7.75 ± 1.8 hours in the south. Furthermore, there is a marked seasonality of sunshine duration with maximums in dry season and minimums during the rainy season. The lowest values of sunshine duration are found in August. On the contrary, maximums are recorded from November to February with values greater than 9.5 hours per day. Moreover, the annual anomalies study allowed determining three great periods in terms of sunshine variability in Chad. Firstly, the period between 1950 to 1970 (named humid period) is characterized by the lowest values of sunshine duration in Chad. Secondly, from 1970 and 1990, the region suffered an unprecedented drought which resulted in an increase of sunstroke duration in Chad. And finally, the period from 1990 to 2010 called the return period is characterized by a rapid year-to-year fluctuations of insolation duration. Unlike to surface temperature, we have also shown that there is a direct relation between the duration of insolation and the meteorological parameters such as precipitations and relative humidity.

关键词： sunshine Duration Solar Energy Climate Variability Chad Central Africa

Estimation of Global Solar Radiation for Four Selected Sites in Nepal Using sunshine Hours, Temperature and Relative Humidity

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2013年第3期1卷 1-9页

作者： Krishna R. Adhikari Binod K. Bhattarai Shekhar Gurung Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Institute of Engineering Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

Rational and accurate solar energy databases, essential for designing, sizing and performing the solar energy systems in any part of the world, are not easily accessible in different localities of Nepal. In this study, daily global solar radiation, sunshine hours and meteorological data for Biratnagar, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Jumla have been used to derive the regression constants. The linear regression technique has been used to develop a model for Biratnagar, Kathmandu, Pokhara and Jumla. The model has calculated the global solar radiation for these locations. The values of global solar radiation estimated by the model are found to be in close agreement with measured values of respective sites. The estimated values were compared with Angstrom-Prescott model and examined using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), mean percentage error (MPE), coefficient of regression (R), coefficient of determinant (R2) and correlation coefficient (CC) statistical techniques. Thus, the resultant correlations and linear regression relations may be then used for the locations of similar meteorological/geographical characteristics and also can be used to estimate the missing data of solar radiation for the respective site.

关键词： Global Solar Radiation Clearness Index sunshine Hours Linear Regression Relation Model