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Influence of contact layer on the sulphur corrosion of copper conductors in power transformers

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High Voltage 2022年第1期7卷 176-184页

作者： Lijun Yang Dong Ding Yuan Yuan Sihang Gao Yuncai Lu State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina College of Material Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control Ministry of EducationChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqingChina State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. Ltd.Electric Power Research InstituteNanjingChina

Owing to the corrosive sulphides in the mineral insulating oil such as dibenzyl disul-phide(DBDS),copper windings in oil‐immersed transformers may suffer sulphur *** study investigates the influence of different contact conditions on the corrosion of copper conductors in ***‐immersed accelerated corrosion experiment was conducted on copper conductors with various contact materials and different layers of insulating *** surface micromorphology,deposition compo-nent and the potentiodynamic polarization characteristics of copper conductors were *** results show that copper with different contact materials suffer sulphur corrosion;conversely,bare copper rarely *** was also verified that the existence of a particular gap between copper and contact layer is a significant factor in sulphur corrosion by the formation of a concentration cell on the copper *** insu-lating paper wrapped around copper conductors does not increase the corrosion ten-dency of copper;however,it contributes to the formation of a region concentrated with DBDS,Cu^(2+),H^(+)by adsorption and impediment,which plays a key role in facilitating the sulphur corrosion of copper ***,sulphur corrosion can also occur on other metal parts in transformers when there is a particular gap on surfaces other than copper.

关键词： corrosion copper sulphur

sulphur isotopic compositions of the Chengmenshan copper deposits in Jiangxi Province

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1996年第17期41卷 1455-1457页

作者：孟良义 Changchun University of Earth Science Changchun 130026 China

The Chengmenshan copper deposits in Jiangxi Province consist of skarn type, massive sulphide type and porphyry type of deposits. According to the sulphur isotopic compositions, evidence is given to discuss their genes... 详细信息

关键词： copper deposit sulphur isotope metallogeny.

Sulfidation roasting of lead and zinc carbonate with sulphur by temperature gradient method

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第5期22卷 1635-1642页

作者：郑永兴刘维覃文庆焦芬韩俊伟杨康罗虹霖 School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University

In order to enhance the lead and zinc recovery from the refractory Pb-Zn oxide ore, a new technology was developed based on sulfidation roasting with sulphur by temperature gradient method. The solid-liquid reaction system was established and the sulfidation thermodynamics of lead and zinc carbonate was calculated with the software HSC 5.0. The effects of roasting temperature,molar ratio of sulphur to lead and zinc carbonate and reaction time in the first step roasting, and holding temperature and time in the second roasting on the sulfidation extent were studied at a laboratory-scale. The experimental results show that the sulfidation extents of lead and zinc are 96.50% and 97.29% under the optimal conditions, respectively, and the artificial galena, sphalerite and wurtzite were formed. By the novel sulfidizing process, it is expected that the sulphides can be recovered by conventional flotation technology.

关键词： lead and zinc carbonate sulphur roasting temperature gradient pyrometallurgy

Changes in soil organic carbon,nitrogen and sulphur along a slope gradient in apple orchard soils of Kashmir Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第9期18卷 2377-2387页

作者： Javaid M DAD Lotfollah ABDOLLAHI Department of Botany University of KashmirHazratbalSrinagar(J&K)India Faculty of Agriculture Payame Noor UniversityTehranP.O.Box 19395-3697Iran

Accumulation and losses of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and sulphur(S)influence food security and global ***,their spatial distribution and variability at regional scale,and their relation to topographical variables are of great *** this study,the variability of SOC,TN and S content was evaluated in apple orchard soils of Kashmir region,at three depths(D1:0-10,D2:10-20,and D3:20-30 cm)on slope gradient i.e.:flat,medium,and *** an increase in slope,a significant decrease of SOC and TN was observed,with concentration of SOC and TN recorded highest(14.3±2.06 g kg-1&0.97±0.35 g kg-1)in flat slope orchards and lowest(9.6±2.07 g kg-1&0.84±0.41 g kg-1)in high slope *** stock basis,the values recorded for flat,medium,and high slope orchards,for SOC and TN were 54.62±4.24 Mg ha-1&0.38±0.06 Mg ha-1,44.13±5.11 Mg ha-1&0.32±0.09 Mg ha-1,and 38.73±5.94 Mg ha-1&0.28±0.10,*** differences for S concentration and stocks were modest,with flat(0.21±0.15 mg kg-1&0.09±0.0.003 Mg ha-1)>high(0.16±0.07 mg kg-1&0.06±0.007 Mg ha-1)>medium(0.12±0.04 mg kg-1&0.075±0.009 Mg ha-1).Across slopes,SOC,TN and S decreased with increasing soil depth,suggesting clear downward ***,SOC and TN increased with the increase of altitude,precipitation and clay content while its relationship with soil acidity and soil bulk density was *** findings may provide scientific basis to structure agricultural development plans or prioritize regions for soil conservation efforts.

关键词： Apple orchards Slope Soil organic carbon sulphur Total nitrogen Soil bulk density

Perspective on ultramicroporous carbon as sulphur host for Li-S batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 242-256,I0006页

作者： Helen Maria Joseph Maximilian Fichtner Anji Reddy Munnangi ASTUTE 2020 College of EngineeringSwansea UniversityFabian WaySA18EN SwanseaUnited Kingdom Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU)Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstraße 1189081 UlmGermany Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyP.O.Box 3640D-76021 KarlsruheGermany College of Engineering Swansea UniversityFabian WaySA18EN SwanseaUnited Kingdom

Lithium-sulphur(Li-S)batteries are currently considered as next-generation battery *** is an attractive positive electrode for lithium metal batteries,mainly due to its high capacity(1675 m Ah g^(-1))and high specific energy(2600 Wh kg^(-1)).The electrochemical reaction of lithium with sulphur in non-aqueous electrolytes results in the formation of electrolyte soluble intermediate *** dissolved polysulphides shuttle to the anode and get reduced at the anode resulting in Li metal *** solubility of polysulphide gradually reduces the amount of sulphur in the cathode,thereby limiting the cycle life of Li-S *** strategies have been proposed to improve the cycling stability of Li-S batteries.A unique approach to eliminate the polysulphide shuttle is to use ultramicroporous carbon(UMC)as a host for *** pore size of UMC which is below 7A,is the bottleneck for carbonate solvents to access sulphur/polysulphides confined in the pores,thereby preventing the polysulphide *** perspective article will emphasise the role of UMC host in directing the lithiation mechanism of sulphur and in inhibiting polysulphide dissolution,including the resulting parasitic reaction on the lithium ***,the challenges that need to be addressed by UMC-S based Li-S batteries,and the strategies to realise high power density,high Coulombic efficiency,and resilient Li-S batteries will be discussed.

关键词： Lithium-sulphur batteries Ultramicroporous carbon sulphur Cathode Composites

Thermodynamic Equilibrium Diagrams of sulphur-Chromium System

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Rare Metals 2001年第4期20卷 236-239页

作者： Ailing Du1, Heming Zhang1, M. Pourbaix 2 1) Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangdong University, Jinan 250061, China 2) Belgian Centre for Corrosion Study CEBELORC, Brussels, Belgium 山东大学山东济南 250061 Belgian Centre for Corrosion Study CEBELORC 比利时

The chemical and electrochemical equilibria in the presence of gaseous phase were investigated. Many substances, which consisted of sulphur and chromium, were considered. Various thermodynamic equilibria were calculated in different pressures. Calculation results were shown as log p-1/T and E-T diagrams. These diagrams may be used to study the corrosion of chromium in sulphur-containing circumstances. The diagrams are also used to thermodynamically determine the existence area of various substances and so on.

关键词： thermodynamic equilibrium sulphur chromium

Reviews on sulphur corrosion phenomenon of the oil-paper insulating system in mineral oil transformer

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High Voltage 2021年第2期6卷 193-209页

作者： Haoxi Cong Hao Pan Danyang Qian Haiyu Zhao Qingmin Li School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijingChina

The active sulphur compounds in transformer oil would react with copper wires and produce cuprous sulphides,which then attach themselves to the surface of copper wires and insulating paper,thus reducing the electrical performance of oil-paper insulation and causing insulation *** article aims to make a comprehensive summary on the field of sulphur corrosion of oil-paper insulation in the mineral oil transformer,including the corrosion mechanism of sulphide on copper sheets,the deterioration mechanism of sul-phide on oil-paper,the factors influencing sulphur corrosion reaction,the method of characterising the degree of sulphur corrosion,the protection technology of sulphur corrosion and the field operation measures for sulphur ***,four key problems that need to be further solved were sorted out:the synergistic deterioration mechanism of sulphide and its transformation mechanism,the micro-process and forming path of sulphur corrosion reaction,the characteristic parameters and quantitative charac-terisation methods of sulphur corrosion degree,and the effective protection technology of sulphide *** solve these problems,efforts will be made for deeper understanding of the sulphur corrosion phenomenon and its deterioration mechanism based on theo-retical background,the assessment methods and protection technology,endeavouring to put forward solid theoretical basis and feasible technical means for preventing sulphur corrosion insulation failure.

关键词： corrosion sulphur insulation

Influence of the Partial Substitution of Bitumen by a Mixture of sulphur and Tyre and Plastic Bottle Powders on the Behaviour of Bituminous Concrete

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 213-223页

作者： Parfait Isidore Mbenkoue Mbida Déodonne Kunwufine Charles Bwemba Michel Mbessa Laboratory of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Public Works Yaounde Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaounde National Advanced School of Public Works Yaounde Cameroon Department of Civil Engineering National Advanced School of Public Works National Advanced School of Civil Engineering of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

This article deals with the influence of the partial substitution of bitumen by a mixture of sulphur and tyre and plastic bottle powders on the characterization of asphalt concrete. The approach adopted was to subject a control asphalt concrete to level 2 formulation tests as well as those modified at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by substituting bitumen with a mixture of tyre powder, plastic bottle powder and sulphur at 40%, 28% and 32% respectively. The results of the PCG, Duriez and rutting tests carried out on the control and modified bituminous concretes (manufactured using the wet process) revealed three (03) major findings, in particular with regard to workability, resistance to simple compression and rutting. The experimental results show an increasing trend in the essential parameters. At 40% substitution, there was a 22.73% increase in compactness, reflecting a significant improvement in the material’s workability. With regard to simple compressive strength, the increase is 34.02% at 40% substitution, highlighting the limitation of crack formation and propagation under heavy precipitation. With regard to rutting, the 16% drop in susceptibility at 40% substitution reflects a significant improvement in the behaviour of the material under dynamic mechanical stresses in heavy precipitation. The improvement in these behaviours results from the insertion of the plastic bottle powder into the interstices of the granular skeleton, thus reducing its cellular structure, and also from the interactions between the sulphur with the tyre powder and the sulphur with the plastic bottle powder, i.e. cross-linking or vulcanisation.

关键词： Bituminous Concrete Tyre Powder Plastic Bottle Powder sulphur

BEHAVIOUR　OF　ELEMENTAL　sulphur　IN　BIOOXIDATION　OF　GOLD-BEARING　SULPHIDE　ORES

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1994年第4期4卷 42-46页

作者： Xiang, Lan Ke, Jiajun Qiu, Rongqing Chinese Acad of Sciences Beijing China

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关键词： removing of arsenic by bacteria sulphur cyanidation of gold