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Optimization and field experiment of an adjustable device for sugar beet digger

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第6期14卷 68-74页

作者： Fangyan Wang College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266041China

The harvesting operation,which affects the energy consumption and application performance,usually determines the harvesting effect and production quality of the *** adjustable sugar beet excavation device was designed to put the excavation equipment into practice by reducing harvest *** device is composed of an excavation disc,hub,pedestal,threaded rod,adjustable nut,boom,mounting seat,leak proof disc,*** theoretical analysis,it was found that the excavation disc and the adjustment mechanism,which determine the excavation space and loading condition of the device,are important to the excavation *** parameters of the excavation disc were selected according to the growth status of sugar beet and the requirements of excavation space,with 340 mm as the radius of the excavation disc and 7.5°as the edge angleθ.The adjustment mechanism parameters were selected to change the operating parameters(inclination angleβand deflection angleγ)*** the theoretical and experimental preliminary research,the key components structure and parameters of the excavation device were *** Central Composite Design(CCD)method,the regression equation was established,with rotation angleα,opening angleεand excavation depth h as factors,and break rate,loss rate and excavation resistance as performance *** influence of factors on performance indexes was *** optimized parameter combination is:35.37°of rotation angle,15.08°of opening angle and 135.20 mm of the excavation *** verified that the adjustable excavation device worked stably and achieved smooth excavation without *** test indexes improved,with 0.6%of break rate,1.1%of loss rate and 2312.8 N of the excavation *** satisfied the requirement for beet harvest quality,and is roughly consistent with the optimization *** research results can provide reference for the research on mechanized harvesting technology and equipment of sugar beet.

关键词： sugar beet excavation harvest parameter optimization

Research on Glutamate Synthase Activity in sugar beet(Beta Vulgaris L.)under Different Levels of Nitrogen

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 1998年第1期5卷 5-11页

作者： Yan Guiping, Ma Fengming, Li Wenhua and Gao Jiguo (Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 PRC)

The experiment of glutamate synthase activity (GOGATA) in both leaf blades and roots under different nitrogen levels was carried out at Northeast Agricultural University in 1993. The result showed that GOGATA rose rapidly to reach its peak from seedling stage to foliage rapid growth stage, and then declined gradually. GOGATA was enhanced with increasing nitrogen levels and had significant positive correlation with nitrogen levels at the middle stage of growth GOGATA in leaf blades was the strongest compared with crowns, petioles and roots, thus, it could represent the highest enzyme activity of the whole plant. GOGATA had quadratic curvilinear correlation with root yield and sugar production. GOGATA in leaf blades had significant positive correlation with α-NH 2-N at the foliage rapid growth stage while GOGATA in roots existed this relation at the latter stage of growth. GOGATA in roots had significant negative correlation with sugar content at harvest.

关键词： sugar beet glutamate synthase nitrogen level root yield and quality

Research on Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L) under Different Nitrogen Levels

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 1998年第2期5卷 117-121页

作者： Yan Guiping, Li Wenhua and Ma Fengming (Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P R C)

The experiment of Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in various plant parts under different nitrogen levels in frame culture during the whole period of growth was carried out on campus of Northeast Agricltural University in 1993. The result showed that GDH activity in leaf blades under four nitrogen applied levels rose rapidly to the acme from the seedling to foliage rapid growth stage, then diminished rapidly to the lower level at the latter stage of foliage rapid growth. This level was kept to harvest. GDH activity in roots at each growth stage under all nitrogen levels exhibited little disparity and did not show ostensible regularity of changes. GDH activity in leaf blades was stimulated with nitrogen, however, it reduced with nitrogen fertilizer applying further. GDH activity in leaf blades was the biggest compared with crowns, petioles and roots, which suggested that it could represent the highest enzyme activityof the whole plant.

关键词： sugar beet nitrogen level glutamate dehydrogenase

Effects of Various Pulsed Electric Field Conditions on Cell Disintegration and Mass Transfer of sugar beet

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2011年第1期1卷 67-76页

作者： A. M. Maskooki M. N. Eshtiaghi Food Technology Department of Khorasan Research Institute for Food Science ＆ Technology （KRIFST） P.O. Box 91735-139Mashhad Khorasan State lran Chemical Engineering Department of Mahidol University 25/25 Puttamonthon Nakorn Pathom Bangkok 73170 Thailand

Pulsed electric field is an innovative method for non-thermal food processing. The effects of pulsed electric field on cell disintegration and mass transfer in sugar beet were studied. sugar beet slices were treated by various Field strengths （0.5-6 kV cm^-1）, capacity of capacitors （0.5, 8 and 32 μF） and pulse numbers （1-100 pulses）. The cell disintegration index and energy input for each treated sample was evaluated. The results showed that the cell membrane of PEF （Pulsed Electric Field） treated samples using 2 kV cm^-1, 8 μF after 20 pulses, and 3 kV cm1, 8 μF after 10 pulses were rapidly disintegrated in less than 1 min. Most important parameters during cell permeabilization were the total energy input followed by field strength. Energy efficiency index was defined as cell disintegration index per energy input unit. The maximum efficiency index was achieved using 2 kV cm^-1, 8 μF after 5 pulses. Comparison between PEF pretreatment and thermal method showed that large amount of sugar may be extracted after PEF pretreatment using field strength of 2 Kv cm^-1, 8μF in less than 10 min at ambient temperature. ***, the consumed energy for thermal treatment was approximately 20 to 50 times more than PEF pretreatment. Optimizing the field conditions in PEF treatment is an important factor to achieve high amount of sugar extraction from sugar beet.

关键词： Nonthermal Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) sugar beet cell disintegration mass transfer

Studies　on　some　characteristics　ofnitrate　reductase　from　sugar　beet（BetavulgarisL．）　leaves

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 1994年第1期1卷 20-25页

作者： Li Wenhua Yan Gulping Ma Fengming Gao Jiguo(Department of Agronomy,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030 P.R.China)

Some characteristics of nitrate reductase from sugar beet leaves shown in this paper were as follows:The nitrate reductase from sugar beet leaves required NADH as an electron ***,the nitrate reductase was classified as NADH-dependent(E.C.1 .6.6.1).The Km value of the nitrate reductase for NADH and NO-3 were 0.86 m mol and 0.18μp mol *** optimum pH in reaction mixture solution for nitrate reduction activity was *** effect of variable concentrations of inorganic phosphorus in the reaction buffer on nitratereductase activity was *** the inorganic phosphorus concentration was below35 mmol,the nitrate reductase activity was increased with increase of inorganic phosphorus ***,when the inorganic phosphorus concentration was Over 35 *** nitrate reductase activity was *** nitrate reductase activity assayed in vitro was 3.2 and 5.6 times of that assayed in vivo under the condition of exogenous and endogenous ground substance respectively.

关键词： sugar beet Nitrate reductase Characteristics

Biochemical and Morphological Characteristics of Acid-Resistant Regenerants of sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L.）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2017年第6期7卷 383-392页

作者： Olga Zemlianukhina Natalia Cherkasova Tatiana Zhuzhzhalova Vladislav Kalaev Federal State-Funded Scientific Institution "A.L. Mazlumov All-Russia Research and Development Institute of sugar beet"(VNIISS) Voronezh Region Ramonsky District 396030 Russia Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State University" (VSU) Universitetskaya Ploschad 1 Voronezh 394006 Russia

The aim of the paper was to study the metabolite profile and morphological characteristics of sugar beet regenerants exposed to aluminium ions （Al^3＋）. The regenerants were selected basing on selective media with sublethal acidity （pH 3.5）. The thrice-repeated passaging of sugar beet microclones of two genotypes in low pH medium causes certain alterations in the cellular metabolism. The paper demonstrated that peroxidase （POD） and isocitrate lyase （ICL） activity increased in both varieties. At the same time, NADH-dehydrogenase （NADH-DH） activity decreased in hybrid plants. Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase （gl-6-ph-dh） activity increased in mail sterile （MS） hybrid plants, but reduced in Ramonskaya fertile （RF） hybrid plants. Adaptation to reduced pH was accompanied by alterations in the isozyme spectra of POD, 1- and 2-esterase, cytochrome c oxidase and malic enzyme （ME）. The adaptation process of sugar beet regenerants was also accompanied by an increase in protein synthesis. The level of metabolic response to stress very much depended on the initial genotype of the hybrid. In this experiment, aluminium resistant plants were growing rapidly in selective media. They developed leaves with healthy petioles and blades and had strong root systems.

关键词： Beta vulgaris L. sugar beet induced acid resistance enzyme activity isozymes

Water Requirements of sugar beet Beta vulgaris under Heavy Cracking Clay Soils

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第8期2卷 865-874页

作者： Abdelhadi Abdel Wahab Ahmed Ali Salih Arabian Gulf University Desert and Arid Zones Sciences Program College of Graduate Studies Manamah Kingdom of Bahrain

Crop coefficients （Kc） of sugar beet were determined for accurate calculation of water requirements （CWR） and better irrigation water management. Three irrigation treatments were used during two seasons to measure actual crop water use （ETc） under no soil stress treatment using gravimetric sampling. In the second season （SS）, the method was modified to target 8 temporal points during crop growth for smooth calculation of ETc under sufficient moisture supply to avoid the distortion that was created by the continuous gravimetric sampling after, before and during each irrigation cycle on the experimental plots. Water was stopped when each targeted sampling point was reached using large plots where intensive sampling continues until the crop reaches severe water stress or permanent wilting point （PWP）. The actual crop water use was extracted from the soil moisture depletion curve which allowed the identification of two clear segments. The first segment indicated crop water use during no water stress while the change of the slope indicated the beginning of the water stress. The reference crop evapotranspiration （ET0） was determined on daily basis using appropriate weather data that coincides with the ETc measurement and consequently the crop Kc were calculated. The results showed that the method used during the SS is easy and provides a better understanding of actual crop water use and better estimation of crop Kc. The calculated 10-day Kc values for sugar beet under heavy cracking clay soil conditions were： 0.46, 0.49, 0.53 and 0.60; for the initial stage： 0.69, 0.78, 0.88 and 0.97; for the development stage： 1.05, 1.11, 1.13, 1.11 and 1.04; for mid-season stage and for late season stage： 0.92, 0.74 and 0.60. Yield and other sugar related parameters were also presented for the two seasons.

关键词： sugar beet crop water requirements cracking clay gravimetric sampling.

Regulation of sucrose synthase activity and sugar yield by nitrogen in sugar beet

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2007年第4期14卷 289-293页

作者： LI Caifeng MA Fengming LI Wenhua WANG Rui CHEN Shengyong LUO Yu College of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China

The content of sugar is influenced by sucrose synthase （SS） activity in roots. The effects of nitrogen level in the aminonitrate ratio on SS activity of leaves and roots, roots yield and sugar content in sugar beet were studied in the field experiment by nutrient solution culture. The results showed that SS activity in leaves was lower than that in roots. With nitrogen level increasing, SS decomposition activity enhanced, and synthesis activity reduced. SS activity was regulated by different nitrogen forms and the ratio of NO3 and NH4^＋. SS synthesis activity was enhanced as NH4^＋ increasing when NO3 ： NH4^＋≥ 1, and it decreased as increasing NH4^＋ when NO3 ： NH4^＋≤ 1, and it was the highest when NO3 ： NH4^＋=1. SS decomposition activity was enhanced as NO3- increasing. Sucrose content in root was lowed as nitrogen level increasing, but it was enhanced as NH4^＋ increasing in the same nitrogen level. Root and sugar yield were the highest in the medium nitrogen level and NO3 ： NH4^＋=1. The result in field experiment corresponded with that in the nutrient fluid culture. It provides a basis for using reasonably nitrogen fertilizer in sugar beet production.

关键词： sugar beet nitrogen sucrose synthase

Influence of the Different Level Ammonium on NRA and GSA in sugar beet(Vulgaris L.)

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2003年第1期10卷 88-91页

作者： ZHAOYue WEIZi-min MAFeng-ming WANGLian-jun NortheastAgriculturalUniversity LifeScienceCollegeHarbinHeilongjiang150030PRC TobaccocompanyofHeilongjiangProvince HarbinHeilongjiang150001PRC

Ammonium nitrogen inhibited NR activity in sugar beet,NR activity was lower in endogenous substrate after ammonium nitrogen was used,and the correlation between NR activity and ammonium nitrogen levels was *** NR activity raised with the ammonium nitrogen levels raising in *** nitrogen prompted GS activity:the correlation between GS activity and ammonium nitrogen was positive,GS activity raised with ammonium nitrogen levels raising,GS activity of roots and leaves had same change trend in sugar beet in the whole growth duration after ammonium nitrogen was used,but GS activity in roots was higher than that in leaves.

关键词： sugar beet different level ammonium NRA GSA