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Parameter optimization and test of hydraulic soil insertion device of orchard gas explosion subsoiling and fertilizing machine

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 132-141页

作者： Congju Shen Lixin Zhang Shouxing Jia Yan Zhou Fan Li Yameng Dai Jing Zhang Wenxiao Ma College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000XinjiangChina Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science Shihezi 832000XinjiangChina Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shihezi 832000XinjiangChina

Hydraulic soil insertion device is a key component of orchard gas explosion subsoiling and fertilizing machine to realize rod fixed point soil insertion and gas fertilizer injection into soil.In order to explore the influence of the main working parameters and structural parameters on the depth and cylinder pressure of the hydraulic insertion device during the insertion process,the working parameters were optimized to ensure the insertion quality and efficiency.In this paper,force analysis was performed on the rod insertion process,and key parameter equation of soil insertion resistance was established.LS-DYNA finite element simulation software was applied to analyze the force variation of the rod during the insertion process.Box-Behnken test optimization design method and Design-Expert V8.***.6.1 software were used to carry out parameter optimization test of hydraulic insertion device.A multivariate quadratic polynomial regression equation was established by setting the engine revolution,insertion rod diameter and insertion time as independent variables,and the operation parameters of the hydraulic insertion device were optimized based on the relationship between the independent variables and the response values.The results showed that the regression equation model based on the response values of insertion depth and cylinder pressure had a good fitting degree.The engine revolution,rod diameter and insertion time all had significant effects on the increase of insertion depth and decrease of cylinder pressure,with interaction between the engine speed and insertion time with the insertion depth,and interaction between any two factors of engine revolution,rod diameter and insertion time with the cylinder pressure.The influences of the test factors on the insertion depth showed a descending order as engine speed,insertion time,and rod diameter.The influences of the test factors on the cylinder pressure showed a descending order as engine speed,rod diameter,and insertion time.Based on the results of insertion depth and

关键词： orchard management machinery subsoiling gas explosion fertilization hydraulic insertion optimization

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subsoiling and Ridge Tillage Alleviate the High Temperature Stress in Spring Maize in the North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2179-2188页

作者： TAO Zhi-qiang SUI Peng CHEN Yuan-quan LI Chao NIE Zi-jin YUAN Shu-fen SHI Jiang-tao GAO Wang-sheng College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Wuqiao Experimental Station China Agricultural University

High temperature stress（HTS） on spring maize（Zea mays L.） during the filling stage is the key factor that limits the yield increase in the North China Plain（NCP）.subsoiling（SS） and ridge tillage（R） were introduced to enhance the ability of spring maize to resist HTS during the filling stage.The field experiments were conducted during the 2011 and 2012 maize growing seasons at Wuqiao County,Hebei Province,China.Compared with rotary tillage（RT）,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and chlorophyll relative content（SPAD） of maize leaves was increased by 40.0,42.6,12.8,and 29.7% under SS,and increased by 20.4,20.0,5.4,and 14.2% under R,repectively.However,the treatments reduce the intercellular CO 2 concentration under HTS.The SS and R treatments increased the relative water content（RWC） by 11.9 and 6.2%,and the water use efficiency（WUE） by 24.3 and 14.3%,respectively,compared with RT.The SS treatment increased the root length density and soil moisture in the 0-80 cm soil profile,whereas the R treatment increased the root length density and soil moisture in the 0-40 cm soil profile compared with the RT treatment.Compared with 2011,the number of days with temperatures 33°C was more 2 d and the mean day temperature was higher 0.9°C than that in 2012,whereas the plant yield decreased by 2.5,8.5 and 10.9%,the net photosynthetic rate reduced by 7.5,10.5 and 18.0%,the RWC reduced by 3.9,5.6 and 6.2%,and the WUE at leaf level reduced by 1.8,5.2 and 13.1% in the SS,R and RT treatments,respectively.Both the root length density and the soil moisture also decreased at different levels.The yield,photosynthetic rate,plant water status,root length density,and soil moisture under the SS and R treatments declined less than that under the RT treatment.The results indicated that SS and R can enhance the HTS resistance of spring maize during the filling stage,and led to higher yield by directly improving soil moisture and root growth and indirectly improving plant water status,photosynthesis and grain fill

关键词： high temperature stress spring maize filling stage subsoiling ridge tillage

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Effects of subsoiling depth,period interval and combined tillage practice on soil properties and yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第6期19卷 1596-1608页

作者： WANG Yun-xia CHEN Shu-ping ZHANG Dong-xing YANG Li CUI Tao JING Hui-rong LI Yu-huan College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China Dryland Farming Institute Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesHengshui 053000P.R.China

Compact!on layers are widely distributed in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China,which restrict root growth and reduce yields.The adoption of subsoiling has been recommended to disrupt compacted soil layers and create a reasonable soil structure for crop development.In this paper,the effects of subsoiling depth(30,35 and 40 cm),period interval(2 or 3 years)and combined pre-sowing tillage practice(rotary cultivation or ploughing)on soil condition improvement was studied on a tidal soil in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Seve n tillage patter ns were desig ned by combini ng differe nt subsoili ng depths,period intervals and pre-sowing.The evaluation indicators for soil condition improvement were as follows:thickness of the plough layer and hard pan,soil bulk density,cone index,soil three-phase R values,alkali nitrogen content,crop yield,and economic ben efits.The results showed that subsoiling can sign ificantly improve the soil structure and physical properties.In all subsoiling treatments,the depth of 35 or 40 cm at a 2-year interval was the most significant.The thickness of the plough layer in creased from 13.67 cm before the test to 21.54-23.45 cm in 2018.The thick ness of the hard pan decreased from 17.68 cm before the test to 12.09-12.76 cm in 2018,a decrease of about 40.07%.However,the subsoiling combined presowing tillage practice,that is,rotary cultivation or ploughing,was not significant for soil structure and physical properties.For all subsoiling treatments,the soil bulk density,cone index and soil three-phase R values of the 15-25 cm soil layer were significantly lower compared to single rotary cultivation.subsoiling was observed to increase the soil alkaline nitrogen and water conte nts.The tillage patter ns that had subsoiling at the depth of 35-40 cm at a 2-year in terval combi ned with rotary cultivation had the highest alkali nitrogen and water contents,which increased by 31.08-34.23%compared with that of the single rotary cultivati on.subsoiling can sign ifica ntly in crease the yield both of wheat and corn,a

关键词： subsoiling period interval soil properties crop yield Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

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Design and experiment of a subsoiling variable rate fertilization machine

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 118-124页

作者： Jiangtao Qi Xinliang Tian Yang Li Xuhui Fan Hongfang Yuan Jiale Zhao Honglei Jia Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun 130022China College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China Jilin Province Academy of Agricultural Machinery Changchun 130022China

In order to improve soil fertility and fertilizer utilization,a subsoiling variable rate fertilization machine based on conservation tillage and precision agriculture was designed and tested.The relationship between suspension parameters and penetrating distance was analyzed,and a matching model between fertilizing quantity and penetrating distance was established.The variable rate fertilization control machine was developed based on an Advantech PCM-9363 industrial control mainboard.The machine operates under two patterns:DGPS-based positioning and straight-line path positioning based on a planar coordinate system.This machine can perform on-demand fertilization according to the spatial differences in soil nutrients and the prescription maps pre-set before the operation.Field experiments showed the machine has a subsoiling stability of 92.5%,a soil breaking rate of 61.1%,a maximum positioning relative error of 2.68%and a maximum variable rate fertilization error of 3.89%.The subsoiling performance and variable rate fertilization indices of this machine satisfy the requirements of GB/T24675.2-2009.The tested indices meet the national and industrial standards and satisfy the design requirements.The findings of the research can be used as the structural design of the subsoiling variable rate fertilization machine.

关键词： agricultural machinery conservation tillage precision agriculture subsoiling variable rate fertilization

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Effects of subsoiling on working quality and total power consumption of high stubble straw returning machine

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第4期12卷 56-62页

作者： Hua Zhou Jumin Zhang Junfang Xia H.M.Tahir Yinghao Zhu Chunling Zhang College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China

Straw returning into field is a direct and effective measure to reduce the straw burning and improve the soil organic matter content.Straw returning directly to field needs higher performance machines,especially under the condition of large amount of straw in the field is more difficult.Therefore,the model of conservation tillage by combination of subsoiling and straw returning was studied.Experiments on combined tillage machine for effect of subsoiling on working quality and total power consumption for high stubble straw returning were carried out.The high stubble rape field was used as the test field;forward speed and PTO speed of tractor were taken as the test factors.Straw coverage rate and straw proportion of the lower half burying layer were taken as the test indexes of the working quality.subsoiling and rotary burying(SRB)returning operation was used as experimental group and direct rotary burying(DRB)returning operation was the control group.The results showed that under different working conditions,the mean value of straw coverage rate of SRB was 93.0%,straw proportion of the lower half burying layer was 52.8%,these values were better than DRB.The straw proportion of the lower half burying layer of SRB compared with DRB increased by 10.5%.Two factors all had a significant effect on it under the SRB and DRB conditions.subsoiling could significantly reduce the PTO torque.Under low speed,the total power consumption of SRB was slightly smaller,while under high speed,the total power consumption of DRB was slightly smaller.Under the SRB and DRB conditions,two factors both had a significant effect on total power consumption.The optimal working combination(working quality as the primary index)was 1.5 km/h of forward speed and 720 r/min of PTO speed.Under this condition,the straw coverage rate was 94.1%,the straw proportion of the lower half burying layer was 59.0%,and the total power consumption was 35.62 kW.The research confirmed that subsoiling is beneficial to the working quality and total power consumption o

关键词： agricultural machinery cultivation subsoiling straw returning working quality total power consumption

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Effects of subsoiling on Soil Moisture Under No-Tillage for Two Years

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第1期7卷 88-95页

作者： QIN Hong-ling GAO Wang-sheng MA Yue-cun MA Li YIN Chun-mei CHEN Zhe CHEN Chun-lan Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Changsha 410125 P.R China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P.R.China Soil and Fertilizer Institute Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410125 P.R. China

In order to improve the water use efficiency under conservation tillage, the effects of subsoiling on soil moisture under notillage were studied. An experiment of 40 cm subsoiling in a field kept under no-tillage for 2 years was operated from 2005 to 2006. Based on the data of the soil moisture and crop yield, the physical basis of subsoiling for water conservation and yield increase was analyzed. The results showed that the soil water storage under subsoiling, from the soil surface to a depth of 100 cm was more than that under no-tillage for the growth season. In the 0-100 cm soil depth, the soil moisture in 50-100 cm depth under subsoiling was more compared with no-tillage, which increased when it＇s drought and decreased when it＇s rainy with the increase in soil depth. Compared with no-tillage, subsoiling could reduce the water consumption of oats in the 0-50 cm depth and increase the water consumption in the 50-100 cm depth. Also, subsoiling increased the yield by 18.29% and the water use efficiency by 16.8% in a two-year average. The effects of subsoiling on water conservation and yield increase were affected by precipitation, and a well-proportioned rainfall was better to increase yield and water use efficiency. Meanwhile, subsoiling decreased bulk density, which increased with the available precipitation. subsoiling under no-tillage is the effective rotation tillage to contain more soil moisture and improve water use efficiency in ecotone of North China.

关键词： no-tillage subsoiling water conservation yield increasing

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Soil replacement combined with subsoiling improves cotton yields

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Journal of Cotton Research 2019年第4期 203-218页

作者： LI Pengcheng WANG Shulin Qi Hong WANG Yan ZHANG Qian FENG Guoyi ZHENG Cangsong YU Xueke LIN Yongzeng DONG Helin Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid AreaMinistry of Agriculture/National Cotton Improvement Center Hebei Branch

Background:Long-term rotary tillage has led to the deterioration of cotton production in northern China.This deterioration is due to the disturbance of topsoil,a dense plough pan at the 20-50 cm depth,and the decreased water storage capacity.A 2-yr field experiment was performed from 2014 to 2015 to explore a feasible soil tillage approach to halting the deterioration.The experiment consisted of four treatments:replacing the topsoil from the0-15 cm layer with the subsoil from the 15-30 cm layer (T1);replacing the topsoil from the 0-20 cm layer with the subsoil from the 20-40 cm layer and subsoiling at the 40-55 cm layer (T2);replacing the topsoil from the 0-20 cm layer with the subsoil from the 20-40 cm layer and subsoiling at the 40-70 cm layer (T3);and conventional surface rotary tillage within 15 cm as the control (CK).Results:The results indicated that the soil bulk densities at the 20-40 cm layer in T2 were 0.13 g·cmand 0.15g·cmlower than those obtained from CK in 2014 and 2015,respectively.The total nitrogen (N) and the available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents from the 20-40 cm layer in T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those in CK and T1.The amount of soil water stored in the 0-40 cm layer of T2 at the squaring stage of cotton was 15.3 mm and 13.4 mm greater than that in CK in 2014 and 2015,respectively,when the weather was dry.Compared with CK,T2 increased cotton lint yield by 6.1 and 10.2 percentage points in 2014 and 2015,respectively,which was due to the improved roots within the 20-60 cm layer,the greater number of bolls per plant and the higher boll weight in the T2 treatment.Conclusions:The results suggested that soil replacement plus subsoiling would be a good alternative to current practices in order to break through the bottleneck constraining cotton production in northern China.Replacing the topsoil in the 0-20 cm layer with the soil from the 20-40 cm layer plus subsoiling at the 40-55 cm layer would be the most effective method.

关键词： Soil replacement subsoiling Cotton Yield Soil nutrients

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Response of yield increase for dryland winter wheat to tillage practice during summer fallow and sowing method in the Loess Plateau of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第4期17卷 817-825页

作者： LI Hui XUE Jian-fu GAO Zhi-qiang XUE Nai-wen YANG Zhen-ping College of Agriculture Shanxi Agricultural University

Soil moisture is the most critical limiting factor impacting yields of dryland winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) and it is strongly affected by tillage practice and sowing methods. This study was to assess the link between sowing method and tillage practice during summer fallow and their subsequent effect on soil moisture and grain yield. Furthermore, we sought to identify a more appropriate farming management practice for winter wheat production in Loess Plateau region of China. The experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2013, using a two-factor split plot design, including subsoiling(SS) or no tillage(NT) during summer fallow for main plots, and conventional drill sowing(DS) or plastic film drill sowing(FM) for subplots. Results showed that the maximum soil water storage(SWS) was under SS×FM treatment with values of 649.1 mm(2011–2012) and 499.4 mm(2012–2013). The SWS during the 2011–2012 growing season were 149.7 mm higher than that in the 2012–2013 growing season. And adoption of SS×FM significantly increased precipitation use efficiency(PUE) and water use efficiency(WUE) compared to other treatments for both seasons. Moreover, adoption of SS×FM significantly increased yield by 13.1, 14.4, 47.3% and 25.9, 39.1, 35.7% than other three treatments during the two growing seasons, respectively. In summary, combining subsoiling during summer fallow with plastic film drill sowing(SS×FM) increased SWS at sowing and effectively improved WUE, thus representing a feasible technology to improve grain yield of dryland winter wheat in the Loess Plateau of China.

关键词： dryland winter wheat subsoiling sowing method soil water storage yield

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Design and experiment of anti-vibrating and anti-wrapping rotary components for subsoiler cum rotary tiller

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第4期12卷 47-55页

作者： Kan Zheng Allen D.McHugh Hongwen Li Qingjie Wang Caiyun Lu Hongnan Hu Wenzheng Liu Zhiqiang Zhang Peng Liu Jin He College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre(CIMMYT) Dhaka 1213Bangladesh

The commonly used subsoiling cum rotary tiller machine(SRT)in Northern China is a combination of subsoiler and horizontal rotary tiller,however backfilling of the subsoiling slot,excessive vibration and plant residue wrapping on rotary components has been rarely considered.Therefore,the rotary components and assembly were redesigned to address these issues and to an SRT fitted with IT225 short curve rotary blades behind the V-shape subsoiling slots and IIT245 long curve rotary blades between the tines.Long and short blades were fitted on a rotor in a double helix,with optimal spiral angles of 65° and 90°,and phase angle of 147°and 180°,respectively.Compared with the commonly used SRT(CSRT),the additional anti-wrapping cutting blades in the circumferential and axial direction of ASRT could remove hanging residue on the blade holders,wrapping on the rotor and formation of an isolation layer.Moreover,the cutting edge curve of anti-wrapping cutting blades was an exponential curve.Field tests demonstrated that the redesigned SRT with anti-vibrating and anti-wrapping rotary components(ASRT)had was a significant advancement over the CSRT.Moreover,the working depth of rotary tillage was more stable,while other observations confirmed that backfilling of the subsoiling slot was also improved.

关键词： subsoiling rotary tiller anti-vibration anti-wrapping backfill tillage

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Water Availability for Winter Wheat Affected by Summer Fallow Tillage Practices in Slope Dryland

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第7期2卷 773-778页

作者： WANGXiao-bin CAIDian-xiong JINKe WUHui-jun BAIZhan-guo ZHANGCan-jun YAOYu-qing LUJun-jiez WANGYu-hong YANGBo RogerHartmann DonaldGabriels SoilandFertilizerInstitute ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciencesBeijing100081P.R.China LuoyangInstituteofAgriculturalSciences Henan471022P.R.China DepartmentofSoilManagementandCare GentUniversity13-9000GentBelgium

The tillage experiments for winter wheat were conducted on the slope farmland in Luoyang, Henan Province in the semihumid to arid loess plateau areas of North China. Different tillage methods including reduced tillage(RT), no-till(NT), 2 crops/year(2C), subsoiling(SS), and conventional tillage(CT)were compared to determine the effects of tillage methods on soil water conservation, water availability, and wheat yields in a search for better farming systems in the areas. The NT and SS showed good effects on water conservation. The soil water storage increased 12 - 33 mm with NT and 9-24 mm with SS at the end of summer fallow periods. The soil evaporation with NT and SS decreased 7-8 mm and 34 - 36 mm during the fallow periods of 1999 and 2001, respectively. Evapotranspiration(ET)with NT and SS increased about 47 mm during wheat growth periods of 2000 to 2001. Treatment RT and 2C had low water storage and high water losses during the fallow periods. The winter wheat yields with conservation tillage practices were improved in the 2nd year, increased by 3, 5 and 8% with RT, NT and SS, respectively, compared with CT. The highest wheat yields were obtained with subsoiling, and the maximum economic benefits from no-till. All conservation tillage practices provided great benefits to saving energy and labors, reducing operation inputs, and increasing economic returns. No-till and subsoiling have shown promise in increasing water storage, reducing water loss, enhancing water availability, and saving energy, as well as increasing wheat yield.

关键词： Dryland Slope land Conservation tillage No-till subsoiling Soil water

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