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Land Use Changes in Himalaya and Their Impacts on Environment, Society and Economy: A Study of the Lake Region in Kumaon Himalaya, India

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第6期25卷 1029-1042页

作者： Prakash TIWARI Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

The traditional resource use structure in Himalaya has transformed considerably during the recent past, mainly owing to the growth of population and the resultant increased demand of natural resources in the region. This transformation in resource use practices is particularly significant in the densely populated tracts of Himalaya. As a result, cultivated land, forests, pastures and rangelands have been deteriorated and depleted steadily and significantly leading to their conversion into degraded and non-productive lands. These rapid land use changes have not only disrupted the fragile ecological equilibrium in the mountains through indiscriminate deforestation, degradation of land resources and disruption of the hydrological cycle, but also have significant and irreversible adverse impacts on the rural economy, society, livelihood and life quality of mountain communities. It has been observed that the agricultural production has declined, water sources are drying up fast due to decreased ground water recharge and a large number of villages are facing enormous deficit of critical resources, such as food, fodder, firewood and water, mainly due to unabated deforestation. As a result, the rural people, particularly the women, have to travel considerably long distances to collect fodder and firewood and to fetching water. It is therefore highly imperative to evolve a comprehensive and integrated land use framework for the conservation of the biophysical environment and sustainable development of natural resources in Himalaya. The land use policy would help local communities in making use of their natural resources scientifically and judiciously, and thus help in the conservation of the biophysical environment and in the increasing of the productivity of natural resources. The study indicates that conservation of forests and other critical natural resources through community participation, generation of alternative means of livelihood, and employment in rural areas can

关键词： subsistence agriculture population growth resource use pattern urbanization deforestation hydrological disruptions resource deficit integrated land use framework

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Toward sustainable intensification of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第4期7卷 401-405页

作者： Andreas BUERKERT Eva SCHLECHT Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics(OPATS) University of Kassel37213 WitzenhausenGermany Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics(AHTS) University of Kassel and University of Göttingen37213 WitzenhausenGermany

Across the African continent efforts to intensify agriculture have been limited to specific commodities,locations or particular production *** causes for the widespread failure to overcome low land and labor productivity while maintaining ecosystem services have often be analyzed but remain poorly understood.A socialecological system approach may help to better understand the complex nature of ecological disadvantages,postcolonial structures,limited connect between producers and consumer markets,low off-farm livelihood opportunities,partial underpopulation and lacking experience with the concept of sustainable production as a major impediment for sustainable intensification of the agricultural ***,recent success stories in agro-pastoral systems as well as urban vegetable and animal production and associated value chains in West Africa,and in intensive mixed-cropping systems of the Great Lakes Region show the potential of stakeholder-driven agricultural *** interpretation of these cases may provide lessons for a more widespread eco-intensification of smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： colonial heritage land use marketing property rights subsistence agriculture urbanization value chains

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