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Measurement and significance of sperm morphology

Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 59-68页

作者： Roelof Menkveld Cas AG Holleboom Johann PT Rhemrev Andrology Laboratory Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Tygerberg Academic Hospital and University of Stellenbosch Tygerberg 7505 South Africa Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Bronovo Hospital The Hague 2597AX The Netherlands

The measurement or evaluation and clinical significance of human sperm morphology has always been and still is a controversial aspect of the semen analysis for the determination of a male＇s fertility potential. In this review the background of the development of the evaluation criteria for sperm morphology will be discussed. Aspects of criticism on the strict criteria definition and use of the criteria for sperm morphology evaluation will be discussed as well as possible reasons for the decline in normal sperm morphology values and how we can compromise for this phenomenon resulting in the very low normal reference value as published in the 2010 WHO manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. One of the possible solutions may be to give more attention to a limited number of abnormal sperm morphology categories and the inclusion of sperm morphology patterns. It is concluded in this review that if done correctly and with care and with strict application of existing guidelines as outlined in the 2010 WHO manual, sperm morphology measurement still has a very important role to play in the clinical evaluation of male fertility potential.

关键词： human sperm morphology male fertility potential strict criteria traditional or liberal criteria WHO manual for semen analysis

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Clinical significance of the low normal sperm morphology value as proposed in the fifth edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 47-58页

作者： Roelof Menkveld Andrology Laboratory Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Tygerberg Academic Hospital and University ofStellenbosch Tygerberg 7505 South Africa

The very low cut-off value for sperm morphology of 4% morphologically normal spermatozoa, as proposed in the new edition of the World Health Organization （WHO） manual on semen analysis, is in agreement with recently published values and reflects the trend of a decline in reported mean values for normal sperm morphology. The reduced value for morphologically normal spermatozoa over the years may be due to several factors. The first is the introduction of strict criteria for the evaluation of sperm morphology. Other reasons may include the introduction of additional criteria for sperm morphology abnormalities and the suggested decrease in semen parameters because of increasing negative environmental influences. Although on its own the newly proposed very low normal value may not provide the strong predictive value for a males＇ fertility potential, as originally reported for sperm morphology evaluated according to strict criteria, a good predictive value can still be obtained if the holistic, strict approach for sperm morphology evaluation is followed together with additional sperm morphology parameters now available, because certain morphology patterns and sperm abnormalities are now known to be of strong prognostic value. In addition, better international standardization of the technical methodology, consensus on the interpretation of sperm morphology evaluation criteria and standardized international external quality control （EQC） schemes, are of utmost importance to maintain the good predictive value of sperm morphology.

关键词： male fertility potential normal cut-offvalues semen analysis sperm morphology evaluation strict criteria WHO manual

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Foreword to Sperm morphometrics today and tomorrow special issue in Asian Journal of Andrology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 815-818页

作者： Caries Soler Trevor G Cooper Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology University of Valencia 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain Department of R+D ProJser R+D Science Park University of Valencia 46980 Paterna Valencia Spain Tuen Mun New Territories Hong Kong SAR China

Earlyin his investigations, Leeuwenhoek （1670s）1 deduced that spermatozoawere alive and an integral part of semen, rather than artifacts or parasites. He eventually observed spermatozoa in the semen of men, dogs, horses, birds, fishes, amphibians, molluscs, and many insects, and concluded that they must be a universal feature of male reproduction.

关键词： EXTERNAL QUALITY-CONTROL strict criteria CYTOPLASMIC DROPLETS STAINING TECHNIQUES MORPHOLOGY SPERMATOZOA EXPERIENCE SYSTEM STANDARDIZATION VARIABILITY

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